Static techniques like reviews and static analysis tools can find defects in software work products like requirements, design, and code without executing the software. Reviews vary in formality from informal discussions to more structured inspections and walkthroughs. Static analysis examines software artifacts automatically using tools to identify defects before dynamic testing begins.
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted
This document discusses static and dynamic testing techniques. It defines static testing as examining software work products manually or with tools without executing them, while dynamic testing executes software using input values to examine outputs. The document then describes the phases of a formal review process and defines roles in a review. It identifies the moderator, author, scribe, reviewers, and manager. Finally, it explains the differences between inspections, technical reviews, and walkthroughs, providing details on each type of review.
A software review is a process where software products are examined by various parties to provide feedback or approval. There are three main categories of reviews: peer reviews conducted by colleagues to evaluate technical quality; management reviews conducted by managers to evaluate progress; and audit reviews conducted by external personnel to evaluate compliance. Common types of reviews include code reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and technical reviews. The generic IEEE review process involves entry evaluation, planning, preparation, group examination, rework, and exit evaluation to systematically identify defects early in the development process when they are least costly to fix.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and processes. It discusses the importance of testing in the software development lifecycle and defines key terms like errors, bugs, faults, and failures. It also describes different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Finally, it covers quality assurance and quality control processes and how bugs are managed throughout their lifecycle.
Fagan Inspection is a rigorous quality control technique invented in the 1970s for inspecting software documents to find defects. It involves a team reviewing a document using a structured process with defined roles. The process includes planning, an overview meeting, individual preparation, the inspection meeting, defect analysis, rework, and follow up. When performed properly it is very effective at finding defects early. However, inspections are rarely used due to professional and organizational ignorance, difficulties in implementation, and intangible perceived benefits. Making inspections work requires addressing these challenges.
The document discusses static and dynamic testing methods. Static testing involves analyzing code or documentation without executing the software, while dynamic testing executes the software. Both methods find different types of defects. Key aspects of static testing include review processes, which can be informal or formal. Formal reviews involve several phases: planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. The review meeting itself includes logging defects, discussing them, and deciding on next steps. Roles in the review include moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Different review types are described.
Static techniques like reviews and static analysis tools can find defects in software work products like requirements, design, and code without executing the software. Reviews vary in formality from informal discussions to more structured inspections and walkthroughs. Static analysis examines software artifacts automatically using tools to identify defects before dynamic testing begins.
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted
This document discusses static and dynamic testing techniques. It defines static testing as examining software work products manually or with tools without executing them, while dynamic testing executes software using input values to examine outputs. The document then describes the phases of a formal review process and defines roles in a review. It identifies the moderator, author, scribe, reviewers, and manager. Finally, it explains the differences between inspections, technical reviews, and walkthroughs, providing details on each type of review.
A software review is a process where software products are examined by various parties to provide feedback or approval. There are three main categories of reviews: peer reviews conducted by colleagues to evaluate technical quality; management reviews conducted by managers to evaluate progress; and audit reviews conducted by external personnel to evaluate compliance. Common types of reviews include code reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and technical reviews. The generic IEEE review process involves entry evaluation, planning, preparation, group examination, rework, and exit evaluation to systematically identify defects early in the development process when they are least costly to fix.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and processes. It discusses the importance of testing in the software development lifecycle and defines key terms like errors, bugs, faults, and failures. It also describes different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Finally, it covers quality assurance and quality control processes and how bugs are managed throughout their lifecycle.
Fagan Inspection is a rigorous quality control technique invented in the 1970s for inspecting software documents to find defects. It involves a team reviewing a document using a structured process with defined roles. The process includes planning, an overview meeting, individual preparation, the inspection meeting, defect analysis, rework, and follow up. When performed properly it is very effective at finding defects early. However, inspections are rarely used due to professional and organizational ignorance, difficulties in implementation, and intangible perceived benefits. Making inspections work requires addressing these challenges.
The document discusses static and dynamic testing methods. Static testing involves analyzing code or documentation without executing the software, while dynamic testing executes the software. Both methods find different types of defects. Key aspects of static testing include review processes, which can be informal or formal. Formal reviews involve several phases: planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. The review meeting itself includes logging defects, discussing them, and deciding on next steps. Roles in the review include moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Different review types are described.
The document discusses software review methods and optimal review practices. It describes different review methods from walkthroughs to inspections and their goals and attributes. Inspections are highlighted as the most formal review method, involving preparation, an orientation, planning, a review meeting, rework, and verification stages. The goals of technical reviews are also outlined, including improving quality and knowledge while minimizing costs.
Static testing involves inspecting work products like requirements, design documents, and code without executing the code. It aims to find defects early when rework costs are lower. The document discusses static testing techniques like unit testing, integration testing, and reviews. Reviews include inspections - moderated meetings where defects are discussed - and technical and informal reviews with subject matter experts. The goal is early defect detection to improve quality and productivity.
A software system is more than the code; it is a set of related artifacts; these may contain defects or problem areas that should be reworked or removed; quality-related attributes of these artifacts should be evaluated
Reviews allow us to detect and eliminate errors/defects early in the software life cycle (even before any code is available for testing), where they are less costly to repair
Most problems have their origin in requirements and design; requirements and design artifacts can be reviewed but not executed and tested
A code review usually reveals directly the location of a bug, while testing requires a debugging step to locate the origin of a bug
Adherence to coding standards cannot be checked by testing
Dynamic testing involves executing software with input values and examining the output, allowing defects to be detected in code. Static testing analyzes software work products like documentation without executing the code. Formal reviews have defined phases including planning, preparation where reviewers check materials, a review meeting, and follow-up on rework. The main review types are walkthroughs where the author guides discussion, technical reviews where experts focus on technical content, and inspections with more formal defect identification. Critical success factors for implementing reviews include designating a champion, focusing on important items, explicit planning and tracking, training participants, managing people issues, and continuously improving.
This document discusses software inspections as a way to improve quality. It describes the benefits of inspections in finding defects early. Inspections typically involve a moderator, author, reader, recorder and inspectors reviewing requirements, design or code documents. Key aspects of inspections include planning, overview, preparation, meeting, analysis and rework. Guiding principles are to critique products not people and find problems, not fix them, during reviews. Record keeping of found defects is important for process improvement. Providing training and building inspections into schedules can help make them most effective.
The document discusses software inspections and defect management. It defines key terms like defects, defect classification, and causes of defects. It explains that rework makes up 44% of project costs and discusses how inspections can help reduce defects and rework. Formal inspections involve individual preparation, overview meetings, review planning, inspection meetings, and follow up action to identify and address defects early. Benefits of inspections include increased productivity, reduced defects, and preparation for subsequent phases.
Static testing involves examining a program's code and documentation without executing the code. It aims to improve quality by finding errors early. Techniques include informal reviews with minimal documentation; formal reviews following steps like planning, preparation, and follow-up; technical reviews of specifications; walkthroughs where authors explain work; and inspections led by moderators. Static testing allows early feedback but cannot find runtime issues and is time-consuming.
Software testing involves executing software components to evaluate properties against requirements. It identifies errors and ensures quality. Benefits include lower costs from early bug detection, improved security, quality, and customer satisfaction. Testing strategies include unit, integration, and system testing. Types are functional, non-functional, and regression/maintenance testing. Methodologies are white-box and black-box testing. The software testing lifecycle has phases for requirements, design, execution, closure, and analysis. Performance testing types include stress, volume, configuration, compatibility, regression, recovery, and usability testing.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
The document discusses various topics related to software quality assurance including:
1) It defines key terms like correctness, reliability, testing, failure, error, fault, debugging, verification, and validation.
2) It describes the differences between quality assurance (focusing on processes) and quality control (focusing on products), and lists some common quality assurance/control activities like testing, inspections, and reviews.
3) It provides an overview of a software development lifecycle including requirements, planning, design, coding, testing phases.
This document outlines the syllabus for the Certified Tester Foundation Level in Software Testing. It covers the fundamentals of testing including why testing is necessary, what testing is, general testing principles, and the fundamental test process. It also discusses testing throughout the software life cycle including different development models, test levels, types, and maintenance testing. Additional topics covered include static techniques, test design techniques, test management, tool support for testing, and references/appendices. The overall goal is to provide learning objectives and structure for the certification examination.
Static testing is a software testing method that involves examination of program's code and its associated documentation but does not require the program to be executed.
Static Testing Techniques
Informal Reviews
Formal Reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk Through
Inspection Process
Static Code Review
This document provides a quality management checklist template with sections on quality planning, checkpoints and reviews, testing, documentation reviews, and production readiness. It includes example questions to consider for each checkpoint and review. The full checklist contains over 20 sections with descriptions of quality tasks and considerations for an effective quality management process.
Software testing involves executing programs to evaluate properties such as functionality, security, and performance (paragraph 1). The main benefits of software testing are that it is cost-effective, improves security, ensures product quality, and increases customer satisfaction (paragraph 2). There are various testing strategies like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing that check individual code units, integrated units, and the overall system respectively (paragraph 3). Testing methodologies include white-box testing which uses internal code knowledge, and black-box testing which does not require such knowledge (paragraph 6). The software testing lifecycle has phases like requirements study, test case design, test execution, and test closure (paragraph 7).
This document provides an overview of materials for a software testing course based on the ISTQB Foundation Syllabus 2007. It includes slides covering the main topics in the syllabus such as fundamentals of testing, testing throughout the software lifecycle, static techniques, test design techniques, and test management. The slides are intended to help students understand best practices in software testing and prepare for the ISTQB Foundation exam. Mock exams and exercises are included to help assess students' knowledge as they progress through the course materials.
Static techniques allow for examining software work products like requirements, design documents, and source code manually or with tools, without executing the software. This is known as static testing. Static testing can evaluate all software work products early in the development lifecycle through review techniques. Reviews involve examining documents for defects and quality issues in a team setting. This allows information sharing and helps focus testing. Reviews have been shown to improve productivity and quality by reducing defects found later.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of software testing. It discusses why testing is necessary, defines key terms like errors, defects and failures. It describes the context in which software is used and how defects can impact systems. The seven principles of testing and fundamental test process involving planning, analysis, implementation and reporting are explained. Psychological aspects of testing and principles of ethical code are also covered at a high level.
This document provides a checklist for a Test Manager to manage the testing process. It outlines key tasks organized by project phases including: Planning, Analysis, Design, Development & Testing, and Parallel Run & Deployment. For each phase, it lists tasks, deadlines, and brief descriptions to ensure important responsibilities are completed such as creating test plans, cases, data, tracking bugs, monitoring systems, and managing resources and reports. The goal is to have thorough testing to minimize risks and issues during the project lifecycle.
Static test techniques like reviews can improve both the quality and productivity of software development by helping engineers recognize and fix defects early. While static testing will not solve all problems, it is very effective when used to review requirements, design, code, and other work products before dynamic testing. Reviews should be considered for all major aspects of work. Similarly, static analysis tools can also help identify defects by examining code and designs without executing the software. Both static testing techniques and tools are valuable in improving quality when used appropriately alongside other forms of testing.
Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code
The document discusses software review methods and optimal review practices. It describes different review methods from walkthroughs to inspections and their goals and attributes. Inspections are highlighted as the most formal review method, involving preparation, an orientation, planning, a review meeting, rework, and verification stages. The goals of technical reviews are also outlined, including improving quality and knowledge while minimizing costs.
Static testing involves inspecting work products like requirements, design documents, and code without executing the code. It aims to find defects early when rework costs are lower. The document discusses static testing techniques like unit testing, integration testing, and reviews. Reviews include inspections - moderated meetings where defects are discussed - and technical and informal reviews with subject matter experts. The goal is early defect detection to improve quality and productivity.
A software system is more than the code; it is a set of related artifacts; these may contain defects or problem areas that should be reworked or removed; quality-related attributes of these artifacts should be evaluated
Reviews allow us to detect and eliminate errors/defects early in the software life cycle (even before any code is available for testing), where they are less costly to repair
Most problems have their origin in requirements and design; requirements and design artifacts can be reviewed but not executed and tested
A code review usually reveals directly the location of a bug, while testing requires a debugging step to locate the origin of a bug
Adherence to coding standards cannot be checked by testing
Dynamic testing involves executing software with input values and examining the output, allowing defects to be detected in code. Static testing analyzes software work products like documentation without executing the code. Formal reviews have defined phases including planning, preparation where reviewers check materials, a review meeting, and follow-up on rework. The main review types are walkthroughs where the author guides discussion, technical reviews where experts focus on technical content, and inspections with more formal defect identification. Critical success factors for implementing reviews include designating a champion, focusing on important items, explicit planning and tracking, training participants, managing people issues, and continuously improving.
This document discusses software inspections as a way to improve quality. It describes the benefits of inspections in finding defects early. Inspections typically involve a moderator, author, reader, recorder and inspectors reviewing requirements, design or code documents. Key aspects of inspections include planning, overview, preparation, meeting, analysis and rework. Guiding principles are to critique products not people and find problems, not fix them, during reviews. Record keeping of found defects is important for process improvement. Providing training and building inspections into schedules can help make them most effective.
The document discusses software inspections and defect management. It defines key terms like defects, defect classification, and causes of defects. It explains that rework makes up 44% of project costs and discusses how inspections can help reduce defects and rework. Formal inspections involve individual preparation, overview meetings, review planning, inspection meetings, and follow up action to identify and address defects early. Benefits of inspections include increased productivity, reduced defects, and preparation for subsequent phases.
Static testing involves examining a program's code and documentation without executing the code. It aims to improve quality by finding errors early. Techniques include informal reviews with minimal documentation; formal reviews following steps like planning, preparation, and follow-up; technical reviews of specifications; walkthroughs where authors explain work; and inspections led by moderators. Static testing allows early feedback but cannot find runtime issues and is time-consuming.
Software testing involves executing software components to evaluate properties against requirements. It identifies errors and ensures quality. Benefits include lower costs from early bug detection, improved security, quality, and customer satisfaction. Testing strategies include unit, integration, and system testing. Types are functional, non-functional, and regression/maintenance testing. Methodologies are white-box and black-box testing. The software testing lifecycle has phases for requirements, design, execution, closure, and analysis. Performance testing types include stress, volume, configuration, compatibility, regression, recovery, and usability testing.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Specialist Performance Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
The document discusses various topics related to software quality assurance including:
1) It defines key terms like correctness, reliability, testing, failure, error, fault, debugging, verification, and validation.
2) It describes the differences between quality assurance (focusing on processes) and quality control (focusing on products), and lists some common quality assurance/control activities like testing, inspections, and reviews.
3) It provides an overview of a software development lifecycle including requirements, planning, design, coding, testing phases.
This document outlines the syllabus for the Certified Tester Foundation Level in Software Testing. It covers the fundamentals of testing including why testing is necessary, what testing is, general testing principles, and the fundamental test process. It also discusses testing throughout the software life cycle including different development models, test levels, types, and maintenance testing. Additional topics covered include static techniques, test design techniques, test management, tool support for testing, and references/appendices. The overall goal is to provide learning objectives and structure for the certification examination.
Static testing is a software testing method that involves examination of program's code and its associated documentation but does not require the program to be executed.
Static Testing Techniques
Informal Reviews
Formal Reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk Through
Inspection Process
Static Code Review
This document provides a quality management checklist template with sections on quality planning, checkpoints and reviews, testing, documentation reviews, and production readiness. It includes example questions to consider for each checkpoint and review. The full checklist contains over 20 sections with descriptions of quality tasks and considerations for an effective quality management process.
Software testing involves executing programs to evaluate properties such as functionality, security, and performance (paragraph 1). The main benefits of software testing are that it is cost-effective, improves security, ensures product quality, and increases customer satisfaction (paragraph 2). There are various testing strategies like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing that check individual code units, integrated units, and the overall system respectively (paragraph 3). Testing methodologies include white-box testing which uses internal code knowledge, and black-box testing which does not require such knowledge (paragraph 6). The software testing lifecycle has phases like requirements study, test case design, test execution, and test closure (paragraph 7).
This document provides an overview of materials for a software testing course based on the ISTQB Foundation Syllabus 2007. It includes slides covering the main topics in the syllabus such as fundamentals of testing, testing throughout the software lifecycle, static techniques, test design techniques, and test management. The slides are intended to help students understand best practices in software testing and prepare for the ISTQB Foundation exam. Mock exams and exercises are included to help assess students' knowledge as they progress through the course materials.
Static techniques allow for examining software work products like requirements, design documents, and source code manually or with tools, without executing the software. This is known as static testing. Static testing can evaluate all software work products early in the development lifecycle through review techniques. Reviews involve examining documents for defects and quality issues in a team setting. This allows information sharing and helps focus testing. Reviews have been shown to improve productivity and quality by reducing defects found later.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of software testing. It discusses why testing is necessary, defines key terms like errors, defects and failures. It describes the context in which software is used and how defects can impact systems. The seven principles of testing and fundamental test process involving planning, analysis, implementation and reporting are explained. Psychological aspects of testing and principles of ethical code are also covered at a high level.
This document provides a checklist for a Test Manager to manage the testing process. It outlines key tasks organized by project phases including: Planning, Analysis, Design, Development & Testing, and Parallel Run & Deployment. For each phase, it lists tasks, deadlines, and brief descriptions to ensure important responsibilities are completed such as creating test plans, cases, data, tracking bugs, monitoring systems, and managing resources and reports. The goal is to have thorough testing to minimize risks and issues during the project lifecycle.
Static test techniques like reviews can improve both the quality and productivity of software development by helping engineers recognize and fix defects early. While static testing will not solve all problems, it is very effective when used to review requirements, design, code, and other work products before dynamic testing. Reviews should be considered for all major aspects of work. Similarly, static analysis tools can also help identify defects by examining code and designs without executing the software. Both static testing techniques and tools are valuable in improving quality when used appropriately alongside other forms of testing.
Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code
This document discusses static testing techniques, including reviews. It describes the review process, roles in reviews, types of reviews, and static analysis using tools. Reviews are a formal process typically involving planning, preparation, a review meeting, rework, and follow-up. Roles include the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Types of reviews serve different purposes at different stages. Static analysis tools can check coding standards and metrics, as well as code structure.
Static techniques such as reviews can improve both quality and productivity in software development. Static testing examines software work products like requirements and design documents manually or with tools before execution, finding defects early. Dynamic testing executes software with test cases. The two techniques are complementary, as static testing finds defects like missing requirements or design flaws while dynamic testing finds failures from execution. Using static testing from early in the development lifecycle provides advantages like early feedback, low rework costs, increased productivity, and greater awareness of quality issues.
The document discusses static testing techniques, specifically reviews. It describes the review process, which typically involves 6 phases: planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. Key roles in a review include the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. The moderator leads the process, while the author's goal is to improve the document. Reviews can find defects early and improve quality and productivity.
The document discusses static techniques for software testing, including static analysis and reviews. It describes static testing as examining software work products like code manually or with tools without executing it. Reviews can range from informal to formal, with formal reviews involving planning, preparation by reviewers finding defects, a review meeting, rework by the author, and follow-up. The roles of moderator, author, scribe and reviewer in formal reviews are also outlined. Types of reviews like walkthroughs, technical reviews and inspections are also described. Finally, the document discusses how static analysis tools can find defects in code, standards, metrics and structure.
This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overviewof how they are conducted. The fundamental objective of static testing is to improve the quality of softwarework products by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the softwaredevelopment process. While static testing techniques will not solve all the problems, they areenormously effective. Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors.Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but allsoftware organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work includingrequirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implementautomated checks, e.g. on code
The document discusses static techniques for testing software work products like code, requirements, and design specifications. Static techniques like reviews and static analysis aim to find defects early before testing to improve productivity and reduce costs. Reviews involve examining documentation for defects, while static analysis checks code complexity, errors, and other issues without executing the code. Formal reviews follow steps like planning, kickoff meetings, preparation, review meetings, reworking defects, and follow up. Roles include managers, moderators, authors, reviewers, and scribes.
The document discusses static testing techniques, which involve examining software work products like requirements and design documents manually or with tools, without executing the software. Some key benefits of static testing mentioned are that it allows early feedback on quality issues, defects can be detected and fixed early at lower cost, and development productivity may increase as rework effort is reduced. Various types of static testing techniques are described, including reviews, inspections, coding standard checks, and code metrics analysis. Formal reviews follow defined processes with roles like moderator, author, and reviewers. Success factors for effective reviews include training participants, explicit planning, and continuous process improvement.
Static techniques such as reviews and static analysis tools can improve software quality and productivity. Static testing finds defects without executing code, unlike dynamic testing. Reviews examine requirements, design, code, and more. Formal reviews follow steps like planning, meetings, and follow-up, while informal reviews involve fewer people. Roles in reviews include the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Static analysis tools automatically check code for defects like deviations from standards and design issues. When used with dynamic testing, static techniques provide complementary benefits to improve software.
Static techniques provide powerful ways to improve software quality and productivity. Static testing finds defects early by reviewing work products like requirements, design, code, and documentation. Reviews can be informal or formal, following a defined process. Formal reviews typically involve planning, a kickoff meeting, individual preparation, a group review meeting, reworking by the author, and follow up by a moderator. The goal is to improve quality by identifying and fixing defects early in development.
This is chapter 3 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Software testing is an important phase of the software development process that evaluates the functionality and quality of a software application. It involves executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors. Some key points:
- Software testing is needed to identify defects, ensure customer satisfaction, and deliver high quality products with lower maintenance costs.
- It is important for different stakeholders like developers, testers, managers, and end users to work together throughout the testing process.
- There are various types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and different methodologies like manual and automated testing. Proper documentation is also important.
- Testing helps improve the overall quality of software but can never prove that there
Static techniques involve manually examining software work products like documentation without executing the code. This includes roles like a moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. There are different types of reviews - walkthroughs where the author guides discussion, and inspections where reviewers thoroughly check documentation against sources before meeting to log defects. Key factors for successful reviews are designating a champion, focusing on important items, explicit planning, training, and managing people.
Testing throughout the software life cycle & statistic techniquesNovika Damai Yanti
CATEGORIES OF TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Recall reasons that both specification-based (black-box) and structure-based (white-box) approaches to test case design are useful, and list the common techniques for each. (K1)
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not. In simple words, testing is executing a system in order to identify any gaps, errors, or missing requirements in contrary to the actual requirements.
This document discusses static testing techniques, including reviews. It describes the review process and roles involved in reviews. The review process consists of six main phases: planning, entry check, kick-off meeting, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. Key roles include the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. The goal of reviews is to improve quality and productivity by finding defects early.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, PhD. of The American Chemical Society, and Chelsea Lee of The American Psychological for the fourth session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Four: 'Inclusive Language' was held June 27, 2024.
Total and Subtotal in Reports in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17 reports, knowing totals and subtotals is essential for understanding business data. This slide breaks down the process into simple steps, enabling users to effortlessly grasp the functionalities and analyze data effectively.
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Training: ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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Still I Rise by Maya Angelou
-Table of Contents
● Questions to be Addressed
● Introduction
● About the Author
● Analysis
● Key Literary Devices Used in the Poem
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Repetition
4. Rhetorical Question
5. Structure and Form
6. Imagery
7. Symbolism
● Conclusion
● References
-Questions to be Addressed
1. How does the meaning of the poem evolve as we progress through each stanza?
2. How do similes and metaphors enhance the imagery in "Still I Rise"?
3. What effect does the repetition of certain phrases have on the overall tone of the poem?
4. How does Maya Angelou use symbolism to convey her message of resilience and empowerment?
Storytelling for Technical Talks: Building Influence with StakeholdersMattVassar1
Why is that when we present facts alone, we can be met with resistance? Is there another way to influence important stakeholders when it matters most? We discuss how storytelling in technical talks, when done right, can make your ideas more memorable and influential.
Environmental science 1.What is environmental science and components of envir...Deepika
Environmental science for Degree ,Engineering and pharmacy background.you can learn about multidisciplinary of nature and Natural resources with notes, examples and studies.
1.What is environmental science and components of environmental science
2. Explain about multidisciplinary of nature.
3. Explain about natural resources and its types
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
2. Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and
productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques,
including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted. The
fundamental objective of static testing is to improve the quality of software work
products by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the
software development process. While static testing techniques will not solve all the
problems, they are enormously effective. Static techniques can improve both
quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it
should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software
organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work
including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static
analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code.
3. REVIEWS AND THE TEST PROCESS
With dynamic testing methods, software is executed using a set of input values and its output is
then examined and compared to what is expected. During static testing, software work products
are examined manually, or with a set of tools, but not executed. As a consequence, dynamic testing
can only be applied to software code. Dynamic execution is applied as a technique to detect
defects and to determine quality attributes of the code. This testing option is not applicable for the
majority of the software work products. Among the questions that arise are: How can we evaluate
or analyze a requirements document, a design document, a test plan, or a user manual? How can
we effectively pre-examine the source code before execution? One powerful technique that can be
used is static testing, e.g. reviews. In principle all software work products can be tested using
review techniques.
Dynamic testing and static testing are complementary methods, as they tend to find different types
of defects effectively and efficiently. Types of defects that are easier to find during static testing
are: deviations from standards, missing requirements, design defects, non-maintainable code and
inconsistent interface specifications. Note that in contrast to dynamic testing, static testing finds
defects rather than failures.
4. Phases of a formal review
In contrast to informal reviews, formal reviews follow a formal process. A typical formal
review process consists of six main steps:
1. Planning
2. Kick-off
3. Preparation
4. Review meeting
5. Rework
6. Follow-up.
The best formal reviews come from well-organized teams, guided by trained moderators
(or review leaders). Within a review team, four types of participants can be distinguished:
moderator, author, scribe and reviewer. In addition management needs to play a role in
the review process.
5. Types of review
Walkthrough, A walkthrough is characterized by the author of the document under review guiding the
participants through the document and his or her thought processes, to achieve a common understanding
and to gather feedback. This is especially useful if people from outside the software discipline are present,
who are not used to, or cannot easily understand software development documents. The content of the
document is explained step by step by the author, to reach consensus on changes or to gather
information.
Technical review, A technical review is a discussion meeting that focuses on achieving consensus about
the technical content of a document. Compared to inspections, technical reviews are less formal and there
is little or no focus on defect identification on the basis of referenced documents, intended readership and
rules. During technical reviews defects are found by experts, who focus on the content of the document.
The experts that are needed for a technical review are, for example, architects, chief designers and key
users. In practice, technical reviews vary from quite informal to very formal.
Inspection, Inspection is the most formal review type. The document under inspection is prepared and
checked thoroughly by the reviewers before the meeting, comparing the work product with its sources
and other referenced documents, and using rules and checklists. In the inspection meeting the defects
found are logged and any discussion is postponed until the discussion phase. This makes the inspection
meeting a very efficient meeting.
6. Success factors for reviews
Find a 'champion'A champion is needed, one who will lead the process on a project or organizational level. They need expertise,
enthusiasm and a practical mindset in order to guide moderators and participants. The authority of this champion should be clear to
the entire organization. Management support is also essential for success. They should, amongst other things, incorporate adequate
time for review activities in project schedules.
Pick things that really count, Select the documents for review that are most important in a project. Reviewing highly critical, upstream
documents like requirements and architecture will most certainly show the benefits of the review process to the project. These invested
review hours will have a clear and high return on investment. In addition make sure each review has a clear objective and the correct
type of review is selected that matches the defined objective. Don't try and review everything by inspection; fit the review to the risk
associated with the document. Some documents may only warrant an informal review and others will repay using inspection. Of course
it is also of utmost importance that the right people are involved.
Explicitly plan and track review activities, To ensure that reviews become part of the day-to-day activities, the hours to be spent
should be made visible within each project plan. The engineers involved are prompted to schedule time for preparation and, very
importantly, rework. Tracking these hours will improve planning of the next review. As stated earlier, management plays an important
part in planning of review activities.
Train participants, It is important that training is provided in review techniques, especially the more formal techniques, such as
inspection. Otherwise the process is likely to be impeded by those who don't understand the process and the reasoning behind it.
Special training should be provided to the moderators to prepare them for their critical role in the review process.
Manage people issues, Reviews are about evaluating someone's document. Some reviews tend to get too personal when they are not
well managed by the moderator. People issues and psychological aspects should be dealt with by the moderator and should be part of
the review training, thus making the review a positive experience for the author. During the review, defects should be welcomed and
expressed objectively.
7. Success factors for reviews
Follow the rules but keep it simple, Follow all the formal rules until you know why and how to
modify them, but make the process only as formal as the project culture or maturity level allows. Do
not become too theoretical or too detailed. Checklists and roles are recommended to increase the
effectiveness of defect identification.
Continuously improve process and tools, Continuous improvement of process and supporting
tools (e.g. checklists), based upon the ideas of participants, ensures the motivation of the engineers
involved. Motivation is the key to a successful change process. There should also be an emphasis, in
addition to defect finding, on learning and process improvement.
Report results, Report quantified results and benefits to all those involved as soon as possible, and
discuss the consequences of defects if they had not been found this early. Costs should of course
be tracked, but benefits, especially when problems don't occur in the future, should be made visible
by quantifying the benefits as well as the costs.
Just do it!, The process is simple but not easy. Each step of the process is clear, but experience is
needed to execute them correctly. So, try to get experienced people to observe and help where
possible. But most importantly, start doing reviews and start learning from every review.
8. STATIC ANALYSIS BY TOOLS
There is much to be done examining software work products without actually running the system.
For example, we saw in the previous section that we can carefully review requirements, designs,
code, test plans and more, to find defects and fix them before we deliver a product to a customer.
In this section, we focus on a different kind of static testing, where we carefully examine
requirements, designs and code, usually with automated assistance to ferret out additional defects
before the code is actually run. Thus, what is called static analysis is just another form of testing.
Static analysis is an examination of requirements, design and code that differs from more traditional
dynamic testing in a number of important ways:
1. Static analysis is performed on requirements, design or code without actually executing the software
artifact being examined.
2. Static analysis is ideally performed before the types of formal review discussed in Section 3.2.
3. Static analysis is unrelated to dynamic properties of the requirements, design and code, such as test
coverage.
4. The goal of static analysis is to find defects, whether or not they may cause failures. As with reviews,
static analysis finds defects rather than failures.
9. STATIC ANALYSIS BY TOOLS
One of the reasons for using static analysis (coding standards and the like) is related to the
characteristics of the programming languages themselves. One may think that the languages are
safe to use, because at least the standards committee knows where the problems are. But this
would be wrong. Adding to the holes left by the standardization process, programmers continue to
report features of the language, which though well-defined, lead to recognizable fault modes. By
the end of the 1990s, approximately 700 of these additional problems had been identified in
standard C. It is now clear that such fault modes exist. It can be demonstrated that they frequently
escape the scrutiny of conventional dynamic testing, ending up in commercial products. These
problems can be found by using static analysis tools to detect them.
In fact, many of the 700 fault modes reported in C can be detected in this way! In a typical C
program, there is an average of approximately eight such faults per 1000 lines of source code; they
are embedded in the released code, just waiting to cause the code to fail [Hatton, 1997]. Dynamic
testing simply did not detect them. C is not the culprit here; this exercise can be carried out for
other languages with broadly the same results. All programming languages have problems and
programmers cannot assume that they are protected against them. And nothing in the current
international process of standardizing languages will prevent this from happening in the future.
10. CODE STRUCTURE
There are many different kinds of structural measures, each of which tells us something about the effort required to write the code in the first
place, to understand the code when making a change, or to test the code using particular tools or techniques. It is often assumed that a large
module takes longer to specify, design, code and test than a smaller one. But in fact the code's structure plays a big part. There are several
aspects of code structure to consider:
control flow structure;
data flow structure;
data structure.
The important thing for the tester is to be aware that the above mentioned static analysis measures can be used as early warning
signals of how good the code is likely to be when it is finished.
In summary the value of static analysis is especially for:
early detection of defects prior to test execution;
early warning about suspicious aspects of the code, design or requirements;
identification of defects not easily found in dynamic testing;
improved maintainability of code and design since engineers work according to documented standards and rules;
prevention of defects, provided that engineers are willing to learn from their errors and continuous improvement is practised.