The document discusses static testing techniques, which involve examining software work products like requirements and design documents manually or with tools, without executing the software. Some key benefits of static testing mentioned are that it allows early feedback on quality issues, defects can be detected and fixed early at lower cost, and development productivity may increase as rework effort is reduced. Various types of static testing techniques are described, including reviews, inspections, coding standard checks, and code metrics analysis. Formal reviews follow defined processes with roles like moderator, author, and reviewers. Success factors for effective reviews include training participants, explicit planning, and continuous process improvement.
Static techniques like reviews and static analysis tools can find defects in software work products like requirements, design, and code without executing the software. Reviews vary in formality from informal discussions to more structured inspections and walkthroughs. Static analysis examines software artifacts automatically using tools to identify defects before dynamic testing begins.
Static techniques such as reviews and static analysis tools can improve software quality and productivity. Static testing finds defects without executing code, unlike dynamic testing. Reviews examine requirements, design, code, and more. Formal reviews follow steps like planning, meetings, and follow-up, while informal reviews involve fewer people. Roles in reviews include the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Static analysis tools automatically check code for defects like deviations from standards and design issues. When used with dynamic testing, static techniques provide complementary benefits to improve software.
This document discusses static testing techniques, including reviews. It describes the review process and roles involved in reviews. The review process consists of six main phases: planning, entry check, kick-off meeting, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. Key roles include the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. The goal of reviews is to improve quality and productivity by finding defects early.
Static test techniques like reviews can improve both the quality and productivity of software development by helping engineers recognize and fix defects early. While static testing will not solve all problems, it is very effective when used to review requirements, design, code, and other work products before dynamic testing. Reviews should be considered for all major aspects of work. Similarly, static analysis tools can also help identify defects by examining code and designs without executing the software. Both static testing techniques and tools are valuable in improving quality when used appropriately alongside other forms of testing.
Dynamic testing involves executing software with input values and examining the output, allowing defects to be detected in code. Static testing analyzes software work products like documentation without executing the code. Formal reviews have defined phases including planning, preparation where reviewers check materials, a review meeting, and follow-up on rework. The main review types are walkthroughs where the author guides discussion, technical reviews where experts focus on technical content, and inspections with more formal defect identification. Critical success factors for implementing reviews include designating a champion, focusing on important items, explicit planning and tracking, training participants, managing people issues, and continuously improving.
The document discusses static and dynamic testing methods. Static testing involves analyzing code or documentation without executing the software, while dynamic testing executes the software. Both methods find different types of defects. Key aspects of static testing include review processes, which can be informal or formal. Formal reviews involve several phases: planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. The review meeting itself includes logging defects, discussing them, and deciding on next steps. Roles in the review include moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Different review types are described.
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted
The document summarizes the review process for documents. It discusses the phases of a formal review process including planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. It also describes the roles and responsibilities of those involved in the review including the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Finally, it outlines different types of reviews including walkthroughs and technical reviews.
Static testing involves examining a program's code and documentation without executing the code. It aims to improve quality by finding errors early. Techniques include informal reviews with minimal documentation; formal reviews following steps like planning, preparation, and follow-up; technical reviews of specifications; walkthroughs where authors explain work; and inspections led by moderators. Static testing allows early feedback but cannot find runtime issues and is time-consuming.
Static test techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development. This chapter describes static test techniques, including reviews, and provides an overview of how they are conducted. The fundamental objective of static testing is to improve the quality of software work products by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the software development process. While static testing techniques will not solve all the problems, they are enormously effective. Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code.
This document discusses different types of software reviews, including informal reviews, formal reviews, walkthroughs, technical reviews, and inspections. Formal reviews follow a defined process with six main steps: planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. Inspections are the most formal type of review and involve thorough preparation and defect checking by reviewers before a meeting, where defects are logged efficiently without discussion. Different roles in the review process are also outlined, including moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers.
The document discusses static testing techniques, specifically reviews. It describes the review process, which typically involves 6 phases: planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. Key roles in a review include the moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. The moderator leads the process, while the author's goal is to improve the document. Reviews can find defects early and improve quality and productivity.
Static testing is a verification process that finds defects early without executing code. It includes reviews of documents, code, and designs to identify issues like missing requirements, inconsistencies, and non-maintainable code. While it doesn't replace dynamic testing, static testing helps reduce costs, improve understanding between team members, and catch defects earlier in the development process through techniques like reviewing and walkthroughs.
Static techniques such as reviews can improve both quality and productivity in software development. Static testing examines software work products like requirements and design documents manually or with tools before execution, finding defects early. Dynamic testing executes software with test cases. The two techniques are complementary, as static testing finds defects like missing requirements or design flaws while dynamic testing finds failures from execution. Using static testing from early in the development lifecycle provides advantages like early feedback, low rework costs, increased productivity, and greater awareness of quality issues.
abdurrahimradhin Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
http://sif.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://fst.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://www.uin-suska.ac.id/
Referensi ke Graham et.al (2006)
Topics: Reviews and the test process, Types of review, static analysis
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This document discusses static and dynamic testing techniques. It defines static testing as examining software work products manually or with tools without executing them, while dynamic testing executes software using input values to examine outputs. The document then describes the phases of a formal review process and defines roles in a review. It identifies the moderator, author, scribe, reviewers, and manager. Finally, it explains the differences between inspections, technical reviews, and walkthroughs, providing details on each type of review.
Static techniques allow for examining software work products like requirements, design documents, and source code manually or with tools, without executing the software. This is known as static testing. Static testing can evaluate all software work products early in the development lifecycle through review techniques. Reviews involve examining documents for defects and quality issues in a team setting. This allows information sharing and helps focus testing. Reviews have been shown to improve productivity and quality by reducing defects found later.
Static techniques can improve both quality and productivity by impressive factors. Static testing is not magic and it should not be considered a replacement for dynamic testing, but all software organizations should consider using reviews in all major aspects of their work including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Static analysis tools implement automated checks, e.g. on code
Chater 3 Static Technic (by Eva Normala)EvaNormala
This document discusses static testing techniques for improving software quality. It describes static testing as evaluating software work products, like requirements and code, without executing them to find defects early. Static testing provides various advantages, including early feedback to detect defects cheaply before costly rework. Formal reviews are described as a common static testing technique involving planning, preparation and meetings to discuss defects. The document also discusses static analysis tools, coding standards, code metrics and structure as additional static testing methods.
This document discusses the formal review process and types of reviews. It provides details on the typical phases of a formal review process: planning, kick-off, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up. It also describes different types of reviews - walkthroughs, inspections, and their key characteristics. Finally, it lists some critical success factors for implementing formal reviews, such as finding a champion, training participants, and continuously improving the review process.
Static testing is a software testing method that involves examination of program's code and its associated documentation but does not require the program to be executed.
Static Testing Techniques
Informal Reviews
Formal Reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk Through
Inspection Process
Static Code Review
Static techniques involve manually examining software work products like documentation without executing the code. This includes roles like a moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. There are different types of reviews - walkthroughs where the author guides discussion, and inspections where reviewers thoroughly check documentation against sources before meeting to log defects. Key factors for successful reviews are designating a champion, focusing on important items, explicit planning, training, and managing people.
This document provides an overview of static testing techniques and how they differ from dynamic testing techniques. It defines static testing as testing that does not require executing the software, such as reviews, inspections and static analysis tools. Dynamic testing involves executing the software with test cases. The document then describes various static techniques like formal reviews, informal reviews, walkthroughs, technical reviews and inspections. It also discusses static and dynamic analysis tools. Finally, it covers cyclomatic complexity, which is a measure of how many independent paths exist in a program.
Formal reviews follow a six step process: 1) Planning, 2) Kick-off, 3) Preparation where reviewers identify defects individually, 4) Review meeting where defects are logged and discussed, 5) Rework by the author to address defects, and 6) Follow-up by the moderator to ensure defects were addressed. Key roles include the moderator who leads the process, author of the document, reviewers who identify defects, and scribe who logs defects discussed.
This document discusses three types of technical document reviews: walkthroughs, technical reviews, and inspections. It provides details on the goals, characteristics, and processes for each type. Walkthroughs involve explaining documents to stakeholders to gather feedback and establish understanding. Technical reviews involve technical experts identifying defects without formal processes. Inspections are the most rigorous, involving predefined roles, preparation using guidelines, and logging all identified defects.
YAHDI SANDRA
11453104752
Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
http://sif.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://fst.uin-suska.ac.id/
http://www.uin-suska.ac.id/
Static techniques provide powerful ways to improve software quality and productivity. Static testing finds defects early by reviewing work products like requirements, design, code, and documentation. Reviews can be informal or formal, following a defined process. Formal reviews typically involve planning, a kickoff meeting, individual preparation, a group review meeting, reworking by the author, and follow up by a moderator. The goal is to improve quality by identifying and fixing defects early in development.
The document discusses static testing techniques, which involve examining software work products like documentation manually or with tools, without executing the software. It covers formal reviews, which have phases like planning, preparation, a review meeting, rework, and follow up. Reviews have roles like a moderator, author, scribe, and reviewers. Different review types are discussed, like walkthroughs, technical reviews, and inspections. Success factors for reviews include finding a champion, prioritizing what counts, explicit planning, training participants, managing people issues, following rules simply, continuous improvement, and reporting results. Static analysis tools can check coding standards and metrics like comment frequency, nesting depth, and lines of code.
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1. “Static Techniques”
Graham et al (2006)
Oleh :
Chayo Rona Fakhquilla (11453205753)
Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
http://sif.uin-suska.ac.id/ http://fst.uin-suska.ac.id/ http://www.uin-suska.ac.id/
2. The definition of testing outlines
objectives that relate to evaluation, revealing
defects and quality. As indicated in the definition
two approaches can be used to achieve these
objectives, static testing and dynamic testing.
➜dynamic testing methods, software is
executed using a set of input values and its
output is then examined and compared to what is
expected.
➜static testing, software work products are
examined manually, or with a set of tools, but not
executed.
3. The use of static testing on software work
products has various advantages:
• Since static testing can start early in the life cycle,
early feedback on quality issues can be
established, e.g. an early validation of user
requirements and not just late in the life cycle
during acceptance testing.
• By detecting defects at an early stage, rework
costs are most often relatively low and thus a
relatively cheap improvement of the quality of
software products can be achieved.
• Since rework effort is substantially reduced,
development productivity figures are likely to
increase.
• Static tests contribute to an increased awareness
of quality issues.
5. Reviews vary from very informal to
formal (i.e. well structured and regulated).
Although inspection is perhaps the most
documented and formal review technique, it is
certainly not the only one. The formality of a
review process is related to factors such as the
maturity of the development process, any legal
or regulatory requirements or the need for an
audit trail. In practice the informal review is
perhaps the most common type of review.
Informal reviews are applied at various times
during the early stages in the life cycle of a
document.
REVIEW PROCESS
7. In contrast to informal reviews, formal reviews
follow a formal process. A typical formal review
process consists of six main steps:
➜Planning
➜Kick-off
➜Preparation
➜Review meeting
➜Rework
➜Follow-up.
Phases of a formal review
9. ➜The moderator : The moderator (or review
leader) leads the review process.
➜The author : As the writer of the document
under review, the author's basic goal should be
to learn as much as possible with regard to
improving the quality of the document, but also to
improve his or her ability to write future
documents.
➜The scribe : During the logging meeting, the
scribe (or recorder) has to record each defect
mentioned and any suggestions for process
improvement.
Roles and responsibilities
10. ➜The reviewers : The task of the reviewers
(also called checkers or inspectors) is to check
any material for defects, mostly prior to the
meeting. The level of thoroughness required
depends on the type of review.
➜The manager : The manager is involved in the
reviews as he or she decides on the execution
of reviews, allocates time in project schedules
and determines whether review process
objectives have been met.
12. Walkthrough : A walkthrough is characterized by the author of the
document under review guiding the participants through the document
and his or her thought processes, to achieve a common understanding
and to gather feedback.
The specific goals of a walkthrough depend on its role in
the creation of the document. In general the following goals can be
applicable:
to present the document to stakeholders both within and outside the
software discipline, in order to gather information regarding the topic
under documentation;
to explain (knowledge transfer) and evaluate the contents of the
document;
to establish a common understanding of the document;
to examine and discuss the validity of proposed solutions and the
viability of alternatives, establishing consensus.
Key characteristics of walkthroughs are:
The meeting is led by the authors; often a separate scribe is present.
Scenarios and dry runs may be used to validate the content.
Separate pre-meeting preparation for reviewers is optional.
14. A technical review is a discussion meeting that
focuses on achieving consensus about the technical
content of a document.
The goals of a technical review are to:
• assess the value of technical concepts and
alternatives in the product and project environment;
• establish consistency in the use and representation
of technical concepts;
• ensure, at an early stage, that technical concepts
are used correctly;
• inform participants of the technical content of the
document.
15. ➜Inspection : Inspection is the most formal review type. The
document under inspection is prepared and checked thoroughly by the
reviewers before the meeting, comparing the work product with its
sources and other referenced documents, and using rules and
checklists.
The generally accepted goals of inspection are to:
➜help the author to improve the quality of the document under
inspection;
➜remove defects efficiently, as early as possible;
➜improve product quality, by producing documents with a higher level
of quality;
➜create a common understanding by exchanging information among
the inspection participants;
➜train new employees in the organization's development process;
➜learn from defects found and improve processes in order to prevent
recurrence of similar defects;
➜sample a few pages or sections from a larger document in order to
measure the typical quality of the document, leading to improved work
by individuals in the future, and to process improvements.
17. Implementing (formal) reviews is not easy as there is
no one way to success and there are numerous ways
to fail. The next list contains a number of critical
success factors that improve the chances of success
when implementing reviews. It aims to answer the
question, 'How do you start (formal) reviews?'.
➜Find a 'champion‘
➜Pick things that really count
➜Explicitly plan and track review activities
➜Train participants
➜Manage people issues
➜Follow the rules but keep it simple
➜Continuously improve process and tools
➜Report results
➜Just do it!
Success factors for reviews
19. Static analysis is an examination of requirements,
design and code that differs from more traditional
dynamic testing in a number of important ways:
Static analysis is performed on requirements, design
or code without actually executing the software artifact
being examined.
• Static analysis is ideally performed before the types
of formal review discussed in Section 3.2.
• Static analysis is unrelated to dynamic properties of
the requirements, design and code, such as test
coverage.
• The goal of static analysis is to find defects,
whether or not they may cause failures. As with
reviews, static analysis finds defects rather than
failures.
STATIC ANALYSIS BY TOOLS
21. Checking for adherence to coding
standards is certainly the most well-known of all
features. The first action to be taken is to define
or adopt a coding standard. Usually a coding
standard consists of a set of programming rules
(e.g. 'Always check boundaries on an array when
copying to that array'), naming conventions (e.g.
'Classes should start with capital C) and layout
specifications (e.g. 'Indent 4 spaces').
Coding standards
23. As stated, when performing static code
analysis, usually information is calculated about
structural attributes of the code, such as
comment frequency, depth of nesting, cyclomatic
number and number of lines of code. This
information can be computed not only as the
design and code are being created but also as
changes are made to a system, to see if the
design or code is becoming bigger, more
complex and more difficult to understand and
maintain. The measurements also help us to
decide among several design alternatives,
especially when redesigning portions of existing
Code metrics