Slides for a paper by Brian Kelly, UKOLN presented at the W4A 2007 conference in Banff, Canada in May 2007.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/w4a-2007/
What if Web 2.0 Really Does Change Everything?lisbk
Slides for a talk on "What if Web 2.0 Really Does Change Everything?" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the UCISA CISG 2009 conference on 18-20 November 2009.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/ucisa-cisg-2009/
Slides for a talk on "Embedding & Sustaining University 2.0 " given be Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the University 2.0 conference in Santander on 8 September 2010.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/uimp-2010/
The 'Higher Education in a Web 2.0 World' Report: Implications For IT Service...guest6d8f50
The document discusses implications of a report on higher education in a Web 2.0 world for IT service departments. It suggests that IT services embrace cloud computing and make use of social web tools. Departments should provide infrastructure while respecting user preferences and explore opportunities like new funding models. Risk management, resource investigation, and frameworks are recommended to guide strategic deployment of new technologies.
Slides for a talk on "Demystifying the Social Web" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the Readeast's "R-e-@ding: reaching out to readers in a digital world" Conference held in Flitwick on 26 November 2009.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/readeast-2009/
Rehearsal of a talk on "From Web Accessibility to Web Adaptability" given at Techshare 2009 conference on 17 September 2009.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/techshare-2009/
Empowering Users and Institutions: A Risks and Opportunities Framework for Ex...lisbk
Slides for a talk on "Empowering Users and Institutions: A Risks and Opportunities Framework for Exploiting the Social Web" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the Cultural Heritage Online 2009 Conference held in Florence on 15-16 December 2009.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/cultural-heritage-online-2009/
The Future for Educational Resource Repositories in a Web 2.0 Worldlisbk
Slides for a talk on "The Future for Educational Resource Repositories in a Web 2.0 World" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at an Edspaces workshop held at the University of Southampton on 4 November 2009.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/edspace-2009/
The document discusses resource discovery through social means such as writing blog posts, chatting with colleagues, listening to people, and sharing resources using popular networked services. It provides examples of how writing blog posts attracts relevant comments and links, and how Twitter can be used to find examples related to a talk. The conclusion is that social resource discovery is natural, requires little effort, allows the use of popular services, and helps the community.
Enhancing Access to Researchers' Papers: How Librarians and Use of Social Med...lisbk
Slides for a talk on "Enhancing Access to Researchers' Papers: How Librarians and Use of Social Media Can Help" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at a meeting of subject librarians at the University of Bath on 27 March 2012.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/bath-library-2011-03/
How Far Have We Come? From eLib to NOF-digi and Beyondlisbk
Slides and audio recording of a rehearsal of a talk on "How Far Have We Come? From eLib to NOF-digi and Beyond" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/cilip-scotland-2009/
Beyond Compliance - A Holistic Approach to Web Accessibilitylisbk
A talk on "Beyond Compliance - A Holistic Approach to Web Accessibility" given at the Techshare 2007 conference.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/techshare-2007/
Slides for a talk on "Amplified Events, Seminars, Conferences, ...: What? Why? How?" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at a workshop session at the JISC 2011 conference held at the BT Convention Centre, Liverpool on 15 March 2011.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/jisc-2011/
Benefits of the Social Web: How Can It Help My Museum?lisbk
Slides for a talk on "Benefits of the Social Web: How Can It Help My Museum?" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the AIM 2009 conference held in Ellesmere Port on 5 June 2009.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/aim-2009/
Building and Sustaining a Community using the Social Weblisbk
Slides for a talk on "Building and Sustaining a Community using the Social Web" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at a UCISA SSG Communications Group Conference on "Using Social Media to Communicate" held at Austin Court, Birmingham on 18 January 2012.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/ucisa-ssg-2012/
Welcome presentation given by Marieke Guy and Brian Kelly, UKOLN at Institutional Web Management Workshop 2009, University of Essex, 28 - 30, July 2009
Open Educational Practices (OEP): What They Mean For Me and How I Use Themlisbk
Slides for a talk on "Open Educational Practices (OEP): What They Mean For Me and How I Use Them" given by Brian Kelly, Innovation Advocate at Cetis, University of Bolton for a webinar organised by Salford University from 09.30-10.30 on Thursday 5 December 2013.
See http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/webinar-on-open-educational-practices/
Slides for a talk on "Digital Life Beyond The Institution" given by Brian Kelly, UK Web Focus at the ILI 2013 conference in London on Tuesday 15 October 2013.
See http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/ili-2013-plenary-talk/
Exploiting The Potential Of Blogs and Social Networks Introduction lisbk
Slides used in the Introduction talk at the UKOLN workshop on "Exploiting The Potential Of Blogs and Social Networks ".
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/blogs-social-networks-2007/talks/introduction/
Contextual Web Accessibility - Maximizing the Benefit of Accessibility Guidel...lisbk
Slides related to a peer-reviewed paper on "Contextual Web Accessibility - Maximizing the Benefit of Accessibility Guidelines" presented by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the W4A 2006 workshop held in Edinburgh on 23 May 2006.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/w4a-2006/
BS 8878 and the Holistic Approaches to Web Accessibilitylisbk
Slides from talk on "BS 8878 and the Holistic Approaches to Web Accessibility" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at a CETIS Accessibility SIG meeting held at the BSI Headquarters, 389 Chiswick High Road, Chiswick, London on 28 February 2011
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/meetings/cetis-accessibility-sig-2011-02/
Talk on "The Accessible Web" given at the Museums and the Web 2007 conference.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/museums-web-2007/
Slides for paper on "One World, One Web ... But Great Diversity" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the W4A 2008 conference.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/w4a-2008/
Accessibility 2.0: Blended Learning For Blended Accessibilitylisbk
Brian Kelly gave a plenary talk on Accessibility 2.0: Blended Learning For Blended Accessibility at the 'Blended Learning to Splendid Learning' Technology Innovation in Higher Education Conference at the Manchester Metropolitan Business School on 9th June 2006.
Implementing A Holistic Approach To E-Learning Accessibilitylisbk
Slides for a peer-reviewed paper on "Implementing A Holistic Approach To E-Learning Accessibility"presented by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the ALT-C 2005 conference in June 2005.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/alt-c-2005/
From Web Accessibility 2.0 to Web Adaptability (1.0)lisbk
Slides for the opening plenary talk on "From Web Accessibility 2.0 to Web Adaptability (1.0)" given by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at the OzeWAI 2009 conference held in Melbourne, Australia on 21-23 January 2009.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/ozewai-2009/
Web Accessibility 3.0: Learning From The Past, Planning For The Futurelisbk
Slides for a talk on "Web Accessibility 3.0: Learning From The Past, Planning For The Future" given at the ADDW08 conference.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/addw08/
Slides for talk on Addressing The Limitations Of Open Standards given at Museums & the Web 2007 conference.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/mw-2007/talk-standards/
Developing countries, developing experiences: approaches to accessibility for...David Sloan
Presentation of paper by Brian Kelly, Sarah Lewthwaite and David Sloan on 26th April at W4A 2010, Raleigh US. We discuss how we can learn from successes and limitations of web accessibility policy in the developed world, in order to optimise web accessibility policy in the developing world
Web accessibility is not primarily about conformance with standardslisbk
Slides for a talk on "Web accessibility is not primarily about conformance with standards" given by Brian Kelly, Innovation Advocate at Cetis, University of Bolton at the IDRAC 2014 conference held in Second Life on 3-4 October 2014.
See http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/web-accessibility-is-not-primarily-about-conformance-with-web-accessibility-standards/
This is the presentation I gave at the Knowledge Translation conference at Banff on September 30th. This presentation is about the wiki project we are currently undertaking at the Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine at the UofA.
The document discusses different models of distributed learning environments (DLEs). Model 1 involves gathering services in the cloud and broadcasting them to various delivery platforms. Model 2 extends the functionality of existing virtual learning environments (VLEs) through plugins. Model 3 involves mashing up widgets from various web sources into a single container. Model 4 involves a federation of clients and servers creating collaborative spaces. Model 5 allows systems to both provide and access services in a truly distributed architecture. Each model is described and its strengths and weaknesses are outlined. Resources for further information on DLEs and related topics are provided at the end.
The document discusses different models of distributed learning environments (DLEs). Model 1 involves gathering services in the cloud and broadcasting them to various delivery platforms. Model 2 extends the functionality of existing virtual learning environments (VLEs) through plugins. Model 3 involves mashing up widgets from various web sources into a single container. Model 4 involves a federation of clients and servers creating collaborative spaces. Model 5 allows systems to both provide and access services in a truly distributed architecture. Strengths and weaknesses of each model are provided.
Slides from a talk by Brian Kelly, UKOLN on "What Does Openness Mean to the Web Manager?" given at the Institutional Web Management Workshop 2006 (IWMW 2006) on 15 June 2006.
See http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/talks/metcalfe/
Users of Scholarship Technology uostech - A Community Approachmarkuos
The document introduces a community called Users of Scholarship Technology (uostech) that aims to advance useful scholarship technology through skills sharing, knowledge sharing, and building a community of practice for learning, teaching, and research. The community takes an inquiry-based approach where open-ended questions encourage research-like activities and blur roles between researchers, teachers, and learners. The community works to develop a framework for this inquiry to research potential uses of mashups and adaptations of Web 2.0 tools.
Let's Do It Now! Mainstream Uses Of Collaborative Technologieslisbk
This document discusses strategies for mainstream adoption of collaborative technologies like blogs and wikis in organizations. It acknowledges barriers like legal risks, inertia and cultural resistance. It recommends addressing barriers through advocacy, listening to users, flexible policies, and safe experimentation. Risks can be minimized through approaches like piloting technologies at events and supporting widely-used external services. Adopting principles of openness, user focus, and collaboration from Web 2.0 can help organizations overcome conservatism and benefit users.
Web 2.0: How Should IT Services and the Library Respond?lisbk
Slides used by Brian Kelly, UKOLN at a meeting on "Web 2.0: How Should IT Services and the Library Respond?" held at the University of Nottingham, on 16 November 2006.
The document discusses how Web 2.0 technologies like blogs, wikis, RSS, and user-generated content have changed how people use and share information online. It argues that services should embrace these new technologies and practices, such as allowing external content to be embedded, trusting users, and developing lightweight and distributed systems rather than trying to compete directly with large commercial providers.
Similar to Accessibility 2.0: People, Policies and Processes (20)
This document provides an introduction to cloud storage and summarizes a presentation on the topic. It discusses the history of storage systems and how cloud storage works. Popular cloud storage services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and iCloud are examined. The document outlines some risks of cloud storage like security and privacy issues. It also provides a framework for selecting cloud services and questions to consider regarding purposes, benefits, costs and risks.
This document provides the agenda and brief technical tips for Wyld Morris Zoom Meeting No. 7, which is a new members evening that will include welcoming new potential members, learning about morris dancing from the squire, understanding the basic moves, and perspectives from a new dancer on why they enjoy morris dancing. The technical tips explain how to switch between speaker and gallery view and how to pin a video to focus on one participant.
The document provides information about an online meeting of the Wyld Morris group who enjoy morris dancing and singing. It outlines that the group will continue enjoying their interests during lockdown, support each other, and be even better when they next meet in person. The meeting agenda includes introductions, warm-ups, demonstrations, group dancing and music, an open discussion, and tips for using Zoom including muting audio when not speaking and only having one musician unmuted at a time. Links to online dance instruction videos and resources are also provided.
Predicting and Preparing For Emerging Learning Technologieslisbk
The document summarizes Brian Kelly's presentation on predicting and preparing for emerging learning technologies. It discusses identifying technology trends, drivers, and challenges through the Delphi process used by the NMC Horizon Report. It also provides tools and methods for institutions to plan for future technologies, including scenario planning, acknowledging risks, and engaging with challenges. The presentation aims to help attendees understand limitations of future forecasting and apply similar methodologies to plan locally.
Web Preservation, or Managing your Organisation’s Online Presence After the O...lisbk
Slides for talk on "Web Preservation, or Managing your Organisation’s Online Presence After the Organisation Ceases to Exist" given by Brian Kelly, UK Web Focus at the IRMS 2016 conference in Brighton on 17 May 2016.
See http://ukwebfocus.com/events/irms-2016-web-preservation
This document provides a summary and conclusions from a workshop on "Preparing for the Future: Technological Challenges and Beyond". It recaps the workshop which explored tools for thinking differently about the future, used a Delphi process to gather expert opinions, and developed an action brief planning template. It notes limitations in approaches and the importance of acknowledging risks while also learning from past examples. Contact details and additional resources are provided for those interested in further information.
This document discusses making a case to senior management for funding to explore innovative technologies. It provides guidance on identifying implications, risks, and risk management strategies for new technologies. It also presents an action brief statement template to convince management of a technology's potential benefits. The document concludes with an exercise where attendees in groups prepare a short presentation making a case for funding to investigate one technology.
This document discusses scenario planning as a strategic planning method. It describes the scenario planning process, which involves defining assumptions and drivers of change, developing initial scenarios, and identifying issues. The document then provides examples of scenarios for the library sector, including the effects of UK withdrawal from the EU or greater power for the European Court. Small groups are asked to develop scenarios focusing on alternative discovery sources, changed librarian roles, or other topics. Finally, the document summarizes scenarios developed in a previous workshop on commercialization of libraries, devolved ownership of services, universal skills, and niche librarians.
Slides "D1: The NMC Methodology" for a one-day workshop on "Preparing for the Future: Technological Challenges and Beyond" by Brian Kelly and Tony Hirst at the ILI 2015 conference. Held on Monday 19 October 2015
For further information see
http://ukwebfocus.com/events/ili-2015-preparing-for-the-future
Slides "C1: Future Technology Detecting Tools & Techniques" for a one-day workshop on "Preparing for the Future: Technological Challenges and Beyond" by Brian Kelly and Tony Hirst at the ILI 2015 conference. Held on Monday 19 October 2015
See http://ukwebfocus.com/events/ili-2015-preparing-for-the-future
This document discusses exploring emerging technologies. It provides information on discovering new technologies through peers, publications, experts, and online sources. The document outlines the ILI 2015 conference program and highlights some topics that may be relevant or surprising. It also describes the NMC Horizon Report, which is produced by an international community of experts and identifies important emerging technologies for libraries through a refined expert panel process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of exploring emerging technologies through various approaches, but also understanding the wider context for implications and planning.
Preparing for the Future: Technological Challenges and Beyond A1 Introductionlisbk
Slides "A1 Introduction" for a one-day workshop on "Preparing for the Future: Technological Challenges and Beyond" by Brian Kelly and Tony Hirst at the ILI 2015 conference. Held on Monday 19 October 2015.
For further information seehttp://ukwebfocus.com/events/ili-2015-preparing-for-the-future
Slides for a talk on "Digital Life Beyond The Institution" given by Brian Kelly, UK Web Focus at the MmIT 2015 conference on “With Power Comes Great Responsibility – How Librarians can Harness the Power of Social Media for the Benefit of its Users” at the University of Sheffield on 14-15 September 2015.
See http://ukwebfocus.com/events/mmit-2015-digital-life-beyond-the-institution/
Developing an Ethical Approach to Using Wikipedia as the Front Matter to all ...lisbk
Slides for a talk on "Developing an Ethical Approach to Using Wikipedia as the Front Matter to all Research" given by Brian Kelly, UK Web Focus Ltd. at the Wikipedia Science 2015 conference at The Wellcome Trust, London on 3 September 2015.
See http://ukwebfocus.com/events/an-ethical-approach-to-using-wikipedia-as-the-front-matter-to-research/
Slides for a talk on "The Agile University" presented by Niall Lavery and Dan Babington, PwC at the IWMW 2015 event held at Edge Hill University, Ormskirk on 27-29 July 2015.
See http://iwmw.org/iwmw2015/talks/beyond-digital-the-agile-university/
This document provides information about the IWMW 2015 conference taking place from July 27-29 at Edge Hill University in Ormskirk. The conference theme is "Beyond Digital: Transforming the Institution" and will feature talks, workshops and master classes on digital transformation in higher education. Over the three days, participants can learn new skills, engage with peers, and identify new approaches for their institutions. Social events include a conference dinner and opportunities to explore Ormskirk and meet up in local bars and restaurants.
BS 8878: Systematic Approaches to Documenting Web Accessibility Policies and ...lisbk
Slides for a workshop session on "BS 8878: Systematic Approaches to Documenting Web Accessibility Policies and Practices" facilitated by Brian Kelly at the IWMW 2015 event held at Edge Hill University, Ormskirk on 27 July 2015.
See http://iwmw.org/iwmw2015/talks/systematic-approaches-to-documenting-web-accessibility-policies-and-practices/
Preparing Our Users For Digital Life Beyond the Institutionlisbk
Sides for a talk on "Digital Life Beyond the Institution" given by Brian Kelly, Innovation Advocate at Cetis, University of Bolton at a seminar for the iSchool, University of Northumbria on 11 February 2015.
See https://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/digital-life-beyond-the-institution/
Why and how librarians should engage with Wikipedialisbk
Slides for a talk on "Why and How Librarians Should Engage With Wikipedia" given by Brian Kelly, Innovation Advocate at Cetis, University of Bolton at the CILIPS Autumn Gathering 2014 event in Edinburgh on 30 October 2014.
See http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/why-and-how-librarians-should-engage-with-wikipedia/
Slides for a talk on "Working with Wikimedia Serbia" given by Brian Kelly, Innovation Advocate at Cetis, University of Bolton at the Eduwiki 2014 conference in Edinburgh on Friday 31 October 2013.
See https://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/eduwiki-2014/
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
No, it's not a robot: prompt writing for investigative journalismPaul Bradshaw
How to use generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini to generate story ideas for investigations, identify potential sources, and help with coding and writing.
A talk from the Centre for Investigative Journalism Summer School, July 2024
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
How to Handle the Separate Discount Account on Invoice in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, separate discount account can be set up to accurately track and manage discounts applied on various transaction and ensure precise financial reporting and analysis
The Jewish Trinity : Sabbath,Shekinah and Sanctuary 4.pdfJackieSparrow3
we may assume that God created the cosmos to be his great temple, in which he rested after his creative work. Nevertheless, his special revelatory presence did not fill the entire earth yet, since it was his intention that his human vice-regent, whom he installed in the garden sanctuary, would extend worldwide the boundaries of that sanctuary and of God’s presence. Adam, of course, disobeyed this mandate, so that humanity no longer enjoyed God’s presence in the little localized garden. Consequently, the entire earth became infected with sin and idolatry in a way it had not been previously before the fall, while yet in its still imperfect newly created state. Therefore, the various expressions about God being unable to inhabit earthly structures are best understood, at least in part, by realizing that the old order and sanctuary have been tainted with sin and must be cleansed and recreated before God’s Shekinah presence, formerly limited to heaven and the holy of holies, can dwell universally throughout creation
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
How to Configure Time Off Types in Odoo 17Celine George
Now we can take look into how to configure time off types in odoo 17 through this slide. Time-off types are used to grant or request different types of leave. Only then the authorities will have a clear view or a clear understanding of what kind of leave the employee is taking.
Lecture_Notes_Unit4_Chapter_8_9_10_RDBMS for the students affiliated by alaga...Murugan Solaiyappan
Title: Relational Database Management System Concepts(RDBMS)
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : DATA INTEGRITY, CREATING AND MAINTAINING A TABLE AND INDEX
Sub-Topic :
Data Integrity,Types of Integrity, Integrity Constraints, Primary Key, Foreign key, unique key, self referential integrity,
creating and maintain a table, Modifying a table, alter a table, Deleting a table
Create an Index, Alter Index, Drop Index, Function based index, obtaining information about index, Difference between ROWID and ROWNUM
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Feedback and Contact Information:
Your feedback is valuable! For any queries or suggestions, please contact muruganjit@agacollege.in
The membership Module in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Some business organizations give membership to their customers to ensure the long term relationship with those customers. If the customer is a member of the business then they get special offers and other benefits. The membership module in odoo 17 is helpful to manage everything related to the membership of multiple customers.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
1. Accessibility 2.0: People, Policies and Processes Brian Kelly UKOLN University of Bath Bath, UK UKOLN is supported by: Co-Authors: David Sloan, Stephen Brown, Jane Seale, Helen Petrie, Patrick Lauke and Simon Ball http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/w4a-2007/ This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat) Acceptable Use Policy Recording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised. Resources bookmarked using ‘ w4a-2007 ' tag
2. About This Paper This paper: Reviews limitations of WAI approach to Web applicability (described at W4A 2005) Describes holistic approach for e-learning accessibility (described at W4A 2006) Applies previous work to new ‘edge case’ of culture on the Web Introduces a Stakeholder Model to help ensure sustainability of approaches to accessibility Compares old and new approaches to Web accessibility Proposes ‘Accessibility 2.0’ as term to describe approach which builds on WAI’s successes
3. W4A 2005: Reprise At W4A 2005 we presented “ Forcing Standardization or Accommodating Diversity… ”: The practical difficulties of using a “standard” to encapsulate design requirements to accommodate a diverse set of needs under a diverse set of circumstances The achievements and limitations of WCAG in supporting this The resultant difficulties (and absurdities) from legislation and policy – that makes inappropriate reference to WCAG Using the example of the e-learning sector we pointed the way to a more holistic view of Web accessibility We received many positive comments on the ideas we presented WAI’s Limitations
4. Limitations of the WAI Model WAI model relies on conformant Web sites, conformant authoring tools, conformant user agents … and conformant users! A common complaint of “standardistas” – “ the user needs to take responsibility… ” There is value in this argument – but there are practical shortcomings And user technophobia/laziness/lethargy is only one obstacle How many users know they are “disabled”? WAI’s Limitations Also note increasing importance of evidence-based research. Various UK accessibility studies seem to find that lack of evidence of accessibility of Web sites for PWDs and conformance with WCAG guidelines!
5. The Importance of Context We argue Web accessibility is about supporting users achieve real world goals From Beyer & Holzblatt (1998) – the more you know about your target audience the more you can design to support them So the goal of “universal accessibility” has changed to supporting a defined set of users in the best possible way… How can we use WCAG to achieve this? WAI’s Limitations
6. Holistic Approach Kelly, Phipps & Swift developed a blended approach to e-learning accessibility This approach: Focusses on the needs of the learner Requires accessible learning outcomes , not necessarily e-learning resources Follow-up work awarded prize for Best Research Paper at ALT-C 2005 E-learning conference Holistic Approach This approach reflects emphasis in UK on blended learning (rather than e-learning)
7. Application To Culture Accessibility for information / factual resources is easy Accessibility for edge cases (learning, culture): More challenging Needed to allow providers of Web-based cultural services to enhance accessibility Generic model will provide broader framework for variety of Web uses
8. Universal Accessibility? Normal Cancer Man against snow, Austrian Tirol 1974, reproduced with permission of the photographer: Professor Paul Hill The Great Masturbator by Salvador Dali (1929) The Duck-Rabbit CRAFT BREWERY
9. Articulating the Approach The "Tangram Metaphor" developed to avoid checklist / automated approach: W3C model has limitations Jigsaw model implies single solution Tangram model seeks to avoid such problems This approach: Encourages developers to think about a diversity of solutions Focus on 'pleasure' it provides to user Our Work
10. Tangram Model & Testability "WCAG 2.0 success criteria are written as testable statements …" (nb. automated & human testing ) Issues: What about WCAG principles that don't have defined success criteria (e.g. "content must be understandable")? What about 'baselines' – context only known locally What about differing models or / definitions of 'accessibility'? Note vendors of accessibility testing services will market WCAG tools e.g. see posting on BSI PAS 78 Tangram model can be used within WCAG Distinguish between testable (ALT tags) and subjective (content understandable) Supports baselines Baseline 1 Testable Our Work
11. Tangram Model Model allows us to: Focuses on end solution rather than individual components Provided solutions tailored for end user Doesn't limit scope (can you do better than WAI AAA?) Make use of automated checking – but ensures emphasis is on user satisfaction Guidelines/standards for/from: WAI Usability Organisational Dyslexic Learning difficulties Legal Management (resources, …) Interoperability Accessibility metadata Mobile Web …
12. Stakeholder Model Common approach: Focus on Web author Sometimes user involved Sometimes led by policy-makers This approach: Often results in lack of sustainability Web accessibility regarded as ‘techie’ Not integrated with wider accessibility issues Not integrated with training, development, … There’s a real need to integrate approaches to accessibility more closely with (diversity of) service providers
13. Repositories – Case Study Discussion on repositories list: “ Why PDFs of research papers? What about accessibility?” “ Important battle is open access. Let’s not add extra complexities.” My response: Open access is important (and PDF is easy) but let’s also: Engage with various stakeholders (incl. publishers) Develop (holistic) policies Explore other options to enhance accessibility And I found Scribd – a Web 2.0 services which creates MP3 from MS Word/PDF
14. The Cathedral & The Bazaar 2.0 Blended learning E-learning Focus on the journey Clear destination (AAA) Accessibility as a process Accessibility as a thing Social model Medical model Accessibility as a bazaar Accessibility as a cathedral Context to testing Objective testing Blended solutions IT solution Testing in context Remote testing Rapid response Slow-moving Variety of solutions Single solution Devolved Centralised Proposed Approach WAI Approach
15. Accessibility 2.0 Need to build on WAI’s successes, whilst articulating a more sophisticated approach. Accessibility 2.0: User-focussed : It’s about satisfying user’s needs Rich set of stakeholders : More than the author and the user Always beta : Accessibility is hard, so we’re continually learning Flexibility : There’s not a single solution for all use cases Diversity : There’s also diversity in society’s views on accessibility (e.g. widening participation, not universal accessibility) Blended solutions : Focus on ‘accessibility’ and not just ‘web accessibility’
16. The Legal Framework This approach is well-suited for the UK legal framework: SENDA/DDA legislation requires " organisations to take reasonable measures to ensure people with disabilities are not discriminated against unfairly " Note that the legislation is: Technologically neutral Backwards and forwards compatible Avoids version control complexities The legislation also covers usability, as well as accessibility Other country’s legislation also talks about ‘reasonable measures’
17. Our Next Steps Accessibility Summit II: Held at JISC TechDis in Nov 2006 19 invited accessibility researchers, practitioners & policy makers in HE, public sector & disability support organisations Agreement on various concerns of WAI’s approach Recommendation to develop roadmap for next steps Museums and Web 2007 Professional Forum: 50+ participants at international conference in April Further agreement on need to build richer approaches to accessibility for cultural heritage orgs Accessibility 2.0 term added to Museums Wiki
18. Issues For W3C & WAI Our approaches: Developed by various accessibility researchers & practitioners and described in peer-reviewed papers Can coexist with W3C approaches e.g. PICS & P3P (W3C doesn’t mandate social directions but provides technical framework which can be used in diversity of political & social cultures) W3C is (used to) facing criticisms: Semantic Web vs semantic Web Web Services vs REST XHTML 2.0 vs HTML 5.0 Isn’t it time WAI engages with concerns and moves on from its initial model? Has WAI developed a risk strategy in case of failure of WCAG to be adopted?
19. Conclusions To conclude: WAI has provided a valuable starting point Need to develop a richer underlying model Need for Web accessibility to be placed in wider content There's a need to an evidence-based approach and less ideology Contextual approach & tangram metaphor aim to help inform such developments Accessibility 2.0 term can articulate a renewed approach