Toward a National Research Platform
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- The Pacific Research Platform (PRP) interconnects campus DMZs across multiple institutions to provide high-speed connectivity for data-intensive research. - The PRP utilizes specialized data transfer nodes called FIONAs that provide disk-to-disk transfer speeds of 10-100Gbps. - Early applications of the PRP include distributing telescope data between UC campuses, connecting particle physics experiments to computing resources, and enabling real-time wildfire sensor data analysis.
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Toward a National Research Platform
- 1. “Toward a National Research Platform” Invited Presentation CENIC 2018 Monterey, CA March 7, 2018 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD http://lsmarr.calit2.net 1
- 2. Abstract Scientific exploration and discovery are enabled by increasingly specialized information technology infrastructure. The requirements of a wide array of scientific research domains provide challenges that regularly exceed the capabilities of existing infrastructure, necessitating an orders-of-magnitude capability jump over the commodity Internet and conventional PCs. The Department of Energy’s (DOE) ESnet DMZ model has been adopted by the National Science Foundation (NSF), funding five years of Campus Cyberinfrastructure projects at over 100 U.S. campuses to support collaborative, Big Data science. A large-scale regional prototype of a purpose-built DMZ CI has been created - the Pacific Research Platform (PRP) - which was funded in 2015 by a five-year $5-million NSF grant. The PRP interconnects campus DMZs and is driven by direct engagements with sophisticated, cyberinfrastructure-knowledgeable science teams chosen from a wide range of data-intensive disciplines, including particle physics, astronomy, biomedical sciences, earth sciences, and scalable data visualization. This partnership of more than 25 institutions, including four National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, and NASA supercomputer centers, is routinely providing 10-100 Gbps disk-to-disk bandwidth between researchers located at different campuses, and remote computers, scientific instruments, and data repositories. The optical network is terminated by PC end-points designed to enable distributed and collaborative Big Data analysis. To begin a community discussion on how the PRP could be scaled to a National Research Platform (NRP), the First NRP Workshop was held at Montana State University in August 2017. Its report, generated by the 150 people in attendance, is on the website pacificresearchplatform.org. In this session, findings and recommendations from the August workshop will be reviewed, and new recommendations will be elicited from the audience with the intent of accelerating the path forward.
- 3. Thirty Years After NSF Adopts DOE Supercomputer Center Model NSF Adopts DOE ESnet’s Science DMZ for High Performance Applications • A Science DMZ integrates 4 key concepts into a unified whole: – A network architecture designed for high-performance applications, with the science network distinct from the general-purpose network – The use of dedicated systems as data transfer nodes (DTNs) – Performance measurement and network testing systems that are regularly used to characterize and troubleshoot the network – Security policies and enforcement mechanisms that are tailored for high performance science environments http://fasterdata.es.net/science-dmz/ Science DMZ Coined 2010 The DOE ESnet Science DMZ and the NSF “Campus Bridging” Taskforce Report Formed the Basis for the NSF Campus Cyberinfrastructure Network Infrastructure and Engineering (CC-NIE) Program “Firewalls in DMZs?” Monday @ CENIC 2018 “Running perfSONAR on Routers and Switches” Monday @ CENIC 2018
- 4. Based on Community Input and on ESnet’s Science DMZ Concept, NSF Has Funded Over 100 Campuses to Build DMZs Red 2012 CC-NIE Awardees Yellow 2013 CC-NIE Awardees Green 2014 CC*IIE Awardees Blue 2015 CC*DNI Awardees Purple Multiple Time Awardees Source: NSF “The Knights of Cyberinfrastructure” Monday @ CENIC 2018
- 5. (GDC) Logical Next Step: The Pacific Research Platform Networks Campus DMZs to Create a Regional End-to-End Science-Driven “Big Data Superhighway” System NSF CC*DNI Grant $5M 10/2015-10/2020 PI: Larry Smarr, UC San Diego Calit2 Co-PIs: • Camille Crittenden, UC Berkeley CITRIS, • Tom DeFanti, UC San Diego Calit2/QI, • Philip Papadopoulos, UCSD SDSC, • Frank Wuerthwein, UCSD Physics and SDSC Letters of Commitment from: • 50 Researchers from 15 Campuses • 32 IT/Network Organization Leaders NSF Program Officer: Amy Walton Source: John Hess, CENIC
- 6. • FIONAs PCs [a.k.a ESnet DTNs]: – ~$8,000 Big Data PC with: – 1 CPUs – 10/40 Gbps Network Interface Cards – 3 TB SSDs or 100+ TB Disk Drive – Extensible for Higher Performance to: – +NVMe SSDs for 100Gbps Disk-to-Disk – +Up to 8 GPUs [4M GPU Core Hours/Week] – +Up to 160 TB Disks for Data Posting – +Up to 38 Intel CPUs – $700 10Gpbs FIONAs Being Tested • FIONettes are $270 FIONAs – 1Gbps NIC With USB-3 for Flash Storage or SSD Big Data Science Data Transfer Nodes (DTNs)- Flash I/O Network Appliances (FIONAs) FIONette—1G, $250 Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC & Tom DeFanti, Joe Keefe & John Graham, Calit2 PRP FIONA Workshop Sat/Sun @ CENIC 2018 Key Innovation: UCSD Designed FIONAs To Solve the Disk-to-Disk Data Transfer Problem at Full Speed on 10/40/100G Networks FIONAS—10/40G, $8,000
- 7. FIONAs on the PRP and Partners • ~40 FIONAs are on the PRP as GridFTP (MaDDash) + perfSONAR Systems – PRP Partners: 10 UCs, Caltech, USC, SDSC, UW, UIC – Plus U Utah, Montana State, U Chicago, Clemson U, U Hawaii, NCAR, Guam – Plus Internationals: Uv Amsterdam, KISTI (Korea) • Many States and Regionals Building FIONAs and Creating MaDDashes – FIONA Build Specs on PRP Website – Weekly Engineering Calls with Notes Going to 60+ Technical Participants More requests for FIONA Workshops Than We Can Handle: Indiana U/APAN, FRGP, LEARN (TX), NORDUnet/SURFnet
- 8. We Measure Disk-to-Disk Throughput with 10GB File Transfer 4 Times Per Day in Both Directions for All PRP Sites January 29, 2016 From Start of Monitoring 12 DTNs to 24 DTNs Connected at 10-40G in 1 ½ Years July 21, 2017 Source: John Graham, Calit2/QI
- 9. We Aggressively Use Kubernetes to Manage Containers Across the PRP “Kubernetes is a way of stitching together a collection of machines into, basically, a big computer,” --Craig Mcluckie, Google and now CEO and Founder of Heptio "Everything at Google runs in a container." --Joe Beda,Google “Kubernetes has emerged as the container orchestration engine of choice for many cloud providers including Google, AWS, Rackspace, and Microsoft, and is now being used in HPC and Science DMZs. --John Graham, Calit2/QI UC San Diego
- 10. Rook is Ceph Cloud-Native Object Storage ‘Inside’ Kubernetes https://rook.io/ Source: John Graham, Calit2/QI “The Knights of Cyberinfrastructure” Monday @ CENIC 2018
- 11. FIONA8 FIONA8 100G Epyc NVMe Nautilus - A Multi-Tenant Containerized PRP HyperCluster for Big Data Applications Running Kubernetes with Rook/Ceph Cloud Native Storage and GPUs for Machine Learning 40G SSD 3T 100G NVMe 6.4T SDSU 100G Gold NVMe March 2018 John Graham, Calit2/QI 100G NVMe 6.4T Caltech 40G SSD UCAR FIONA8 UCI FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 sdx-controller controller-0 Calit2 100G Gold FIONA8 SDSC 40G SSD UCR 40G SSD USC 40G SSD UCLA 40G SSD Stanford 40G SSD UCSB 100G NVMe 6.4T 40G SSD UCSC 40G SSD Hawaii Rook/Ceph - Block/Object/FS Swift API compatible with SDSC, AWS, and Rackspace Kubernetes Centos7 “Nautilus HyperCluster” Tues @ CENIC 2018
- 12. FIONA8 FIONA8 100G Epyc NVMe 40G 160TB 100G NVMe 6.4T SDSU 100G Gold NVMe March 2018 John Graham, UCSD 100G NVMe 6.4T Caltech 40G 160TB UCAR FIONA8 UCI FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 sdx-controller controller-0 Calit2 100G Gold FIONA8 SDSC 40G 160TB UCR 40G 160TB USC 40G 160TB UCLA 40G 160TB Stanford 40G 160TB UCSB 100G NVMe 6.4T 40G 160TB UCSC 40G 160TB Hawaii Rook/Ceph - Block/Object/FS Swift API compatible with SDSC, AWS and Rackspace Kubernetes Centos7 Running Kubernetes/Rook/Ceph On PRP Allows Us to Deploy a Distributed PB+ of Storage for Posting Science Data
- 13. Increasing Participation Through PRP Science Engagement Workshops Source: Camille Crittenden, UC Berkeley UC San Diego UC Merced UC Davis UC Berkeley “Scaling Science Engagement” Wednesday @ CENIC 2018
- 14. PRP’s First 2 Years: Connecting Multi-Campus Application Teams and Devices Earth Sciences
- 15. Data Transfer Rates From 40 Gbps DTN in UCSD Physics Building, Across Campus on PRISM DMZ, Then to Chicago’s Fermilab Over CENIC/ESnet Source: Frank Wuerthwein, UCSD, SDSC “High-Performance Class Systems & Large Instruments” Monday @ CENIC 2018 Based on This Success, Will Upgrade 40G DTN to 100G For Bandwidth Tests & Kubernetes to OSG, Caltech, and UCSC
- 16. PRP Over CENIC Couples UC Santa Cruz Astrophysics Cluster to LBNL NERSC Supercomputer CENIC 2018 Innovations in Networking Award for Research Applications
- 17. 100 Gbps FIONA at UCSC Allows for Downloads to the UCSC Hyades Cluster from the LBNL NERSC Supercomputer for DESI Science Analysis 300 images per night. 100MB per raw image 120GB per night 250 images per night. 530MB per raw image 800GB per night Source: Peter Nugent, LBNL Professor of Astronomy, UC Berkeley Precursors to LSST and NCSA NSF-Funded Cyberengineer Shaw Dong @UCSC Receiving FIONA Feb 7, 2017 “The Knights of Cyberinfrastructure” Monday @ CENIC 2018
- 18. Distributed Computation on PRP Nautilus HyperCluster Coupling SDSU Cluster and SDSC Comet Using Kubernetes Containers 25 years Developed and executed MPI-based PRP Kubernetes Cluster execution [CO2,aq] 100 Year Simulation 4 days 75 years 100 years • 0.5 km x 0.5 km x 17.5 m • Three sandstone layers separated by two shale layers Simulating the Injection of CO2 in Brine-Saturated Reservoirs: Poroelastic & Pressure-Velocity Fields Solved In Parallel With MPI Using Domain Decomposition Across Containers Source: Chris Paolini and Jose Castillo, SDSU
- 19. 40G FIONAs 20x40G PRP-connected WAVE@UC San Diego PRP Now Enables Distributed Virtual Reality PRP WAVE @UC Merced Transferring 5 CAVEcam Images from UCSD to UC Merced: 2 Gigabytes now takes 2 Seconds (8 Gb/sec) “Riding the WAVE” Monday @ CENIC 2018
- 20. The Prototype PRP Has Attracted New Application Drivers Scott Sellars, Marty Ralph Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes Frank Vernon, Graham Kent, & Ilkay Altintas, Wildfires Jules Jaffe – Undersea Microscope Tom Levy At-Risk Cultural Heritage
- 21. PRP Links At-Risk Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Datasets at UCB, UCLA, UCM and UCSD with CAVEkiosks 48 Megapixel CAVEkiosk UCSD Library 48 Megapixel CAVEkiosk UCB Library 24 Megapixel CAVEkiosk UCM Library UC President Napolitano's Research Catalyst Award to UC San Diego (Tom Levy), UC Berkeley (Benjamin Porter), UC Merced (Nicola Lercari) and UCLA (Willeke Wendrich) “Visualizing and Networking for Cultural Heritage” Monday @ CENIC 2018
- 22. Church Fire, San Diego CA Alert SD&ECameras/HPWREN October 21, 2017 New PRP Application: Coupling Wireless Wildfire Sensors to Computing “WIFIRE’s Firemap” Tuesday @ CENIC 2018 Thomas Fire, Ventura, CA Firemap Tool, WIFIRE December 10, 2017 CENIC 2018 Innovations in Networking Award for Experimental Applications
- 23. temperature relative humidity fuel moisture fuel temperature data logger barometric pressure Pan-tilt-zoom camera support equipment 3D ultrasonic anemometer solar radiation tipping rainbucket anemometer Mount Laguna Meterological Sensor Instrumentation Provides Real-Time Data Flows Over HPWREN to PRP-Connected Servers Source: Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
- 24. HPWREN-Connected SoCal Weather Stations: Giving High-Resolution Weather Data in San Diego County All Connected by HPWREN Wireless Internet
- 25. PRP/CENIC Backbone Sets Stage for 2018 Expansion of HPWREN Wireless Connectivity Into Orange and Riverside Counties • PRP CENIC 100G Links UCSD, SDSU & UCI HPWREN Servers – FIONAs Endpoints – Data Redundancy – Disaster Recovery – High Availability – Kubernetes Handles Software Containers and Data • Potential Future UCR CENIC Anchor UCR UCI UCSD SDSU Source: Frank Vernon, Hans Werner Braun HPWREN UCI Antenna Dedicated June 27, 2017 “Wireless Extensions of R&E Networks” Monday @ CENIC 2018
- 26. Once a Wildfire is Spotted, PRP Brings High-Resolution Weather Data to Fire Modeling Workflows in WIFIRE Real-Time Meteorological Sensors Weather Forecast Landscape data WIFIRE Firemap Fire Perimeter Work Flow PRP Source: Ilkay Altintas, SDSC
- 27. Some Machine Learning Case Studies To Improve on WIFIRE • Smoke and fire perimeter detection based on imagery • Prediction of Santa Ana and fire conditions specific to location • Prediction of fuel build up based on fire and weather history • NLP for understanding local conditions based on radio communications • Deep learning on multi-spectra imagery for high resolution fuel maps • Classification project to generate more accurate fuel maps (using Planet Labs satellite data) All Require Periodic, Dynamic, and Programmatic Access to Data! Source: Ilkay Altintas, SDSC; Co-PI CHASE-CI
- 28. Director: F. Martin Ralph Website: cw3e.ucsd.edu Big Data Collaboration with: Source: Scott Sellers, CW3E Collaboration on Atmospheric Water in the West Between UC San Diego and UC Irvine Director, Soroosh Sorooshian, UCSD Website http://chrs.web.uci.edu
- 29. Calit2’s FIONA SDSC’s COMET Calit2’s FIONA Pacific Research Platform (10-100 Gb/s) GPUsGPUs Complete workflow time: 20 days20 hrs20 Minutes! UC, Irvine UC, San Diego Major Speedup in Scientific Work Flow Using the PRP Source: Scott Sellers, CW3E
- 30. Using Machine Learning to Determine the Precipitation Object Starting Locations *Sellars et al., 2017 (in prep)
- 31. UC San Diego Jaffe Lab (SIO) Scripps Plankton Camera Off the SIO Pier with Fiber Optic Network
- 32. Over 300 Million Images So Far! Requires Machine Learning for Automated Image Analysis and Classification Phytoplankton: Diatoms Zooplankton: Copepods Zooplankton: Larvaceans Source: Jules Jaffe, SIO ”We are using the FIONAs for image processing... this includes doing Particle Tracking Velocimetry that is very computationally intense.”-Jules Jaffe
- 33. New NSF CHASE-CI Grant Creates a Community Cyberinfrastructure: Adding a Machine Learning Layer Built on Top of the Pacific Research Platform Caltech UCB UCI UCR UCSD UCSC Stanford MSU UCM SDSU NSF Grant for High Speed “Cloud” of 256 GPUs For 30 ML Faculty & Their Students at 10 Campuses for Training AI Algorithms on Big Data “Hyperconverged 10-Campus Machine Learning Cluster” Tuesday @ CENIC 2018 NSF Program Officer: Mimi McClure
- 34. PRP Hosted The First National Research Platform Workshop on August 7-8, 2017 Co-Chairs: Larry Smarr, Calit2 & Jim Bottum, Internet2 150 Attendees Announced in I2 Closing Keynote: Larry Smarr “Toward a National Big Data Superhighway” on Wednesday, April 26, 2017
- 35. PRP is Partnering with the Advanced CyberInfrastructure – Research and Education Facilitators (ACI-REF) NSF Grant to Explore Extension PRP Connected ACI-REF has also spawned the 28- member Campus Research Computing consortium (CaRC), funded by the NSF as a Research Coordination Network (RCN). CaRC is dedicated to sharing best practices, expertise, and resources, enabling the advancement of campus- based research computing activities around the nation. Jim Bottum, Principal Investigator ACI-REF CaRC
- 36. Expanding to the Global Research Platform Via CENIC/Pacific Wave, Internet2, and International Links PRP PRP’s Current International Partners Korea Shows Distance is Not the Barrier to Above 5Gb/s Disk-to-Disk Performance Netherlands Guam Australia Korea Japan Singapore
- 37. First NRP Workshop Recommendations • Specifically, We Recommend That NSF: – Continue funding its Campus Cyberinfrasturcture program, including more opportunities for campus cyber-engineers and cyber teams. – Issue a call for proposals to address the tough technical and sociopolitical issues that will need to be addressed in an NRP; in fact, this could be a excellent opportunity for DOE and NSF to work together on a joint program. – Engage science engagement facilitators on campuses to collaborate with each other across campuses in support of building the NRP. – Support more regional Science DMZs to be formed from existing CC* grants to campuses. Multi-campus networking organizations should be encouraged to take the initiative to create regional DMZ proposals, including campuses that have not previously received NSF CC* grants. Parallelism is the key to scaling rather than central control. “Scaling Approaches to the NRP” Wednesday @ CENIC 2018
- 38. The Second National Research Platform Workshop Bozeman, MT August 6-7, 2018 A follow-up FIONA workshop will be held as a lead into the 2nd NRP workshop in Bozeman, starting August 2nd. The program is being developed by Jerry Sheehan, in coordination with Richard Alo (JSU) and will focus on networking engineers and faculty interested in expanding the breadth of the NRP network. While the workshop will be open to the community, there is a specific focus on EPSCoR affiliated and minority serving institutions. Co-Chairs: Larry Smarr, Calit2 Inder Monga, ESnet Ana Hunsinger, Internet2 Local Host: Jerry Sheehan, MSU “Navajo Broadband” Tuesday @ CENIC 2018 PRP FIONA Workshop Sat/Sun @ CENIC 2018
- 39. Our Support: • US National Science Foundation (NSF) awards CNS 0821155, CNS-1338192, CNS-1456638, CNS-1730158, ACI-1540112, & ACI-1541349 • University of California Office of the President CIO • UCSD Chancellor’s Integrated Digital Infrastructure Program • UCSD Next Generation Networking initiative • Calit2 and Calit2 Qualcomm Institute • CENIC, PacificWave and StarLight • DOE ESnet