High Performance Cyberinfrastructure for Data-Intensive Research
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This document summarizes a lecture given by Dr. Larry Smarr on high performance cyberinfrastructure for data-intensive research. The summary discusses: 1) The need for dedicated high-bandwidth networks separate from the shared internet to enable big data research due to the increasing volume of digital scientific data. 2) Extensions being made to networks like CENIC in California to provide campus "Big Data Freeways" connecting instruments, computing resources, and remote facilities. 3) The use of networks like HPWREN to provide high-performance wireless access for data-intensive applications in rural areas like astronomy, wildfire detection, and more.
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High Performance Cyberinfrastructure for Data-Intensive Research
- 1. “High Performance Cyberinfrastructure for Data-Intensive Research” Distinguished Lecture UC Riverside October 18, 2013 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD 1
- 2. Abstract With the increasing number of digital scientific instruments and sensornets available to university researchers, the need for a high performance cyberinfrastructure (HPCI), separate from the shared Internet, is becoming necessary. The backbone of such an HPCI are dedicated wavelengths of light on optical fiber, typically with speeds of 10Gbps or 10,000 megabits/sec, roughly 1000x the speed of the shared Internet. We are fortunate in California to have one of the most advanced optical state networks, the CENIC research and education network. I will describe future extensions of the CENIC backbone to enable a wide range of disciplinary Big Data research. One extension involves building optical fiber "Big Data Freeways" on UC campuses, similar to the NSF-funded PRISM network now being deployed on the UCSD campus, to feed the coming 100Gbps CENIC campus connections. These Freeways connect on-campus end users, compute and storage resources, and data-generating devices, such as scientific instruments, with remote Big Data facilities. I will describe uses of PRISM ranging from particle physics to biomedical data to climate research. The second type of extension is high performance wireless networks to cover the rural regions of our counties, similar to the NSF-funded High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN) currently deployed in San Diego and Imperial counties. HPWREN has enabled data-intensive astronomy observations, wildfire detection, first responder connectivity, Internet access to Native American reservations, seismic networks, and nature observatories.
- 3. My Previous Lecture at UC Riverside Was in 2003This is a Decade-Later Update
- 4. The Data-Intensive Discovery Era Requires High Performance Cyberinfrastructure • Growth of Digital Data is Exponential – “Data Tsunami” • Driven by Advances in Digital Detectors, Computing, Networking, & Storage Technologies • Shared Internet Optimized for Megabyte-Size Objects • Need Dedicated Photonic Cyberinfrastructure for Gigabyte/Terabyte Data Objects • Finding Patterns in the Data is the New Imperative – – – – Data-Driven Applications Data Mining Visual Analytics Data Analysis Workflows Source: SDSC
- 5. The White House Announcement Has Galvanized U.S. Campus CI Innovations
- 6. Global Innovation Centers are Being Connected with 10,000 Megabits/sec Clear Channel Lightpaths 100 Gbps Commercially Available; Research on 1 Tbps Source: Maxine Brown, UIC and Robert Patterson, NCSA
- 7. Corporation For Education Network Initiatives In California (CENIC) 3,800+ miles of optical fiber Members in all 58 counties connect via fiber-optic cable or leased circuits from telecom carriers • Nearly 10,000 sites connect to CENIC 10,000,000+ Californians use CENIC each day Governed by members on the segmental level
- 8. CENIC is Rapidly Moving to Connect at 100 Gbps
- 9. How Can a Campus Connect Its Researchers, Instruments, and Clusters at 10-100 Gbps? • Strategic Recommendation to the NSF #3: “ – NSF should create a new program funding high-speed (currently 10 Gbps) connections from campuses to the nearest landing point for a national network backbone. The design of these connections must include support for dynamic network provisioning services and must be engineered to support rapid movement of large scientific data sets." – - pg. 6, NSF Advisory Committee for Cyberinfrastructure Task Force on Campus Bridging, Final Report, March 2011 – www.nsf.gov/od/oci/taskforces/TaskForceReport_CampusBridging.pdf • Led to Office of Cyberinfrastructure RFP March 1, 2012 • NSF’s Campus Cyberinfrastructure – Network Infrastructure & Engineering (CC-NIE) Program – 1st Area: Data Driven Networking Infrastructure for the Campus and Researcher – 2nd Area: Network Integration and Applied Innovation
- 10. Examples of CC-NIE Winning Proposals In California • UC Davis – Develop Infrastructure for Managing/Transfer/Analysis of Big Data – LSST (30TB/day), GENOME, and More Including Social Sciences – Provide Data to Campus Research Groups that Perform Network-Related Research (Security & Performance) – Create a Software Defined Network (SDN) – Use OpenFlow – Upgrade Intra-Campus and CENIC Connections • San Diego State University – Implementing a Science DMZ through CENIC – Balancing Performance and Security Needs – Operational Network Use: security > performance – Research Network Use: performance > security • Also USC, Caltech, and UCSD Stanford University – Develop SDN-Based Private Cloud – Connect to Internet2 100G Innovation Platform – Campus-wide Sliceable/VIrtualized SDN Backbone (10-15 switches) – SDN control and management Source: Louis Fox, CENIC CEO
- 11. Creating a Big Data Freeway System: Use Optical Fiber with 1000x Shared Internet Speeds NSF CC-NIE Has Awarded Prism@UCSD Optical Switch Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC, Calit2, PI
- 12. Many Disciplines Beginning to Need Dedicated High Bandwidth on Campus How to Utilize a CENIC 100G Campus Connection • Remote Analysis of Large Data Sets – Particle Physics • Connection to Remote Campus Compute & Storage Clusters – Microscopy and Next Gen Sequencers • Providing Remote Access to Campus Data Repositories – Protein Data Bank and Mass Spectrometry • Enabling Remote Collaborations – National and International
- 13. CERN’s CMS Experiment Generates Massive Amounts of Data
- 14. UCSD is a Tier-2 LHC Data Center: CMS Flow into UCSD Physics Dept. Peaks at 2.4 Gbps Source: Frank Wuerthwein, Physics UCSD
- 15. Planning for climate change in California substantial shifts on top of already high climate variability UCSD Campus Climate Researchers Need to Download Results from Remote Supercomputer Simulations to Make Regional Climate Change Forecasts Dan Cayan USGS Water Resources Discipline Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego much support from Mary Tyree, Mike Dettinger, Guido Franco and other colleagues Sponsors: California Energy Commission NOAA RISA program California DWR, DOE, NSF
- 16. average summer average summer afternoon temperature afternoon temperature GFDL A2 1km downscaled to 1km Hugo Hidalgo Tapash Das Mike Dettinger 16
- 17. Ultra High Resolution Microscopy Images Created at the National Center for Microscopy Imaging
- 18. NIH National Center for Microscopy & Imaging Research Integrated Infrastructure of Shared Resources Shared Infrastructure Scientific Instruments Local SOM Infrastructure End User Workstations Source: Steve Peltier, Mark Ellisman, NCMIR
- 19. Using Calit2’s VROOM to Explore Confocal Light Microscope Collages of Rat Brains
- 20. Protein Data Bank (PDB) Needs Bandwidth to Connect Resources and Users • Archive of experimentally determined 3D structures of proteins, nucleic acids, complex assemblies • One of the largest scientific resources in life sciences Virus Hemoglobin Source: Phil Bourne and Andreas Prlić, PDB
- 21. PDB Usage Is Growing Over Time • • • • More than 300,000 Unique Visitors per Month Up to 300 Concurrent Users ~10 Structures are Downloaded per Second 7/24/365 Increasingly Popular Web Services Traffic Source: Phil Bourne and Andreas Prlić, PDB
- 22. 2010 FTP Traffic RCSB PDB PDBe PDBj 159 million entry downloads 34 million entry downloads 16 million entry download 22 Source: Phil Bourne and Andreas Prlić, PDB
- 23. PDB Plans to Establish Global Load Balancing • Why is it Important? – Enables PDB to Better Serve Its Users by Providing Increased Reliability and Quicker Results • How Will it be Done? – By More Evenly Allocating PDB Resources at Rutgers and UCSD – By Directing Users to the Closest Site • Need High Bandwidth Between Rutgers & UCSD Facilities Source: Phil Bourne and Andreas Prlić, PDB
- 24. Tele-Collaboration for Audio Post-Production Realtime Picture & Sound Editing Synchronized Over IP Skywalker Sound@Marin Calit2@San Diego
- 25. Collaboration Between EVL’s CAVE2 and Calit2’s VROOM Over 10Gb Wavelength Calit2 EVL Source: NTT Sponsored ON*VECTOR Workshop at Calit2 March 6, 2013
- 26. Partnering Opportunities with DOE: ARRA Stimulus Investment for DOE Esnet 100Gbps National-Scale 100Gbps Network Backbone Source: Presentation to ESnet Policy Board
- 27. 100G Addition CENIC to UCSD--Configurable, High-speed, Extensible Research Bandwidth (CHERuB) 818 W. 7th, Los Angeles, CA 10100 Hopkins Drive, La Jolla, CA SDSC NAP Equinix/L3/CENIC POP DWDM 100G transponders existing CENIC fiber DWDM 100G transponders Nx10G up to 3 add'l 100G transponders can be attached up to 3 add'l 100G transponders can be attached Existing ESnet SD router 100G UCSD/SDSC Gateway Juniper MX960 "MX0" New 2x100G/8x10G line card + optics New 40G line card + optics SDSC Juniper MX960 "Medusa" PacWave, CENIC, Internet2, NLR, ESnet, StarLight, XSEDE & other R&E networks New 100G card/ optics 100G 2x40G UCSD DYNES 4x10G add'l 10G card/optics Other SDSC resources Dual Arista 7508 "Oasis" mult. 40G connections 256x10G UCSD Primary Node Cisco 6509 "Node B" Pink/black existing UCSD infrastructure mult. 40G+ connections Green/dashed lines new component/ equipment in proposal 128x10G DataOasis/ SDSC Cloud SDSC DYNES GORDON compute cluster mult. 10G connections UCSD Production users PRISM@UCSD Arista 7504 Key: NEW 10G UCSD/SDSC Cisco 6509 100G to CENIC/ PacWave switch L2 UCSD 10G PRISM@UCSD - many UCSD big data users Source: Mike Norman, SDSC
- 28. Arista Enables SDSC’s Massively Parallel 10G Switched Data Analysis Resource 12
- 29. We Used SDSC’s Gordon Data-Intensive Supercomputer to Analyze a Wide Range of Gut Microbiomes • ~180,000 Core-Hrs on Gordon – KEGG function annotation: 90,000 hrs – Mapping: 36,000 hrs – Used 16 Cores/Node and up to 50 nodes – Duplicates removal: 18,000 hrs Enabled by a Grant of Time – Assembly: 18,000 hrs on Gordon from SDSC – Other: 18,000 hrs Director Mike Norman • Gordon RAM Required – 64GB RAM for Reference DB – 192GB RAM for Assembly • Gordon Disk Required – Ultra-Fast Disk Holds Ref DB for All Nodes – 8TB for All Subjects
- 30. SDSC’s Triton Shared Computing Cluster (TSCC) • High Performance Research Computing Facility Offered for UC researchers (Including from UC Riverside) – Faculty Using Startup Package Funds to Purchase Computing and Storage Time at SDSC • Hybrid Business Model: – “Condo” – PIs Purchase Nodes; – RCI Subsidizes Operating Fees – “Hotel” – Pay-as-you-go Computing Time • Launched June 2013 – – Seeing Strong Interest, Good/Growing Adoption
- 31. Comet is a ~2 PF System Architected for the “Long Tail of Science” NSF Track 2 award to SDSC $12M NSF award to acquire $3M/yr x 4 yrs to operate Production early 2015
- 32. High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/ National Science Foundation awards 0087344, 0426879 and 0944131
- 33. Outreach Source: Hans Werner Braun, HPWREN PI
- 34. HPWREN Topology, 360 Degree Cameras 155Mbps FDX 6 GHz FCC licensed 155Mbps FDX 11 GHz FCC licensed 45Mbps FDX 6 GHz FCC licensed 45Mbps FDX 11 GHz FCC licensed 45Mbps FDX 5.8 GHz unlicensed 45Mbps-class HDX 4.9GHz 45Mbps-class HDX 5.8GHz unlicensed ~8Mbps HDX 2.4/5.8 GHz unlicensed ~3Mbps HDX 2.4 GHz unlicensed 115kbps HDX 900 MHz unlicensed 56kbps via RCS network via Tribal Digital Village Network WIDC KYVW KNW B08 1 BDC GVDA Santa WMC Rosa RDM CRY SND SMER PFO AZRY BZN dashed = planned KSW FRD MPO P474 DHL SO SLMS LVA2 BVDA P478 SCS P486 MTGY MVFD P510 P483 RMNA DSME GLRS CRRS WLA USGC CWC GMPK P506 P499 P480 P509 CE 70+ miles to SCI MONP UCSD DESC P497 MLO P494 P473 IID2 SDSU P500 CNM PL to CI and PEMEX POTR P066 NSS S Red circles: HPWREN supplied cameras Yellow circles: SD County supplied cameras Source: Hans Werner Braun, HPWREN PI approximately 50 miles: Note: locations are approximate Backbone/relay node Astronomy science site Biology science site Earth science site University site Researcher location Native American site First Responder site
- 35. Various Real-Time Network Cameras for Environmental Observations Source: Hans Werner Braun, HPWREN PI
- 36. Time-Lapse Video of Mt. Laguna Chariot Wildfire From HPWREN Camera (July 8, 2013) Source: Hans Werner Braun, HPWREN PI Similar Video of Mountain Fire in Riverside
- 37. SoCal Weather Stations: Note the High Density in San Diego County Source: Jessica Block, Calit2
- 38. Relative Humidity Wind speed Wind direction Trigger real-time computer-generated alerts, if: Fuel moisture condition “A” AND condition “B” AND condition “C” OR condition “D” exists, in which case several San Diego emergency officers are being paged or emailed during such alert conditions, based on HPWREN data parameterization by a CDF Division Chief.This system has been in operation since 2004. Date: Wed, 4 Aug 2010 09:31:05 -0700 Subject: URGENT weather sensor alert Source: Hans Werner Braun, HPWREN PI LP: RH=26.1 WD=135.2 WS=1.9 FM=6.8 AT=80.7 at 20100804.093100 More details at http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Sensors/
- 39. San Diego Wildfire First Responders Meeting at Calit2 Aug 25, 2010 SDSC’s Hans-Werner Braun Explains His High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network
- 40. Area Situational Awareness for Public Safety Network (ASAPnet) Extends HPWREN to Connect Fire Stations Connecting 60 backcountry fire stations as the region nears the peak of its fire season. Aug. 14, 2013 www.calit2.net/newsroom/release.php?id=2210
- 41. Creating a Digital “Mirror World”: Interactive Virtual Reality of San Diego County Source: Jessica Block, Calit2 0.5 meter image resolution. 2meter resolution elevation
- 42. All Meteorological Stations Are Represented in Realtime: Wind Direction, Velocity, and Temperature Source: Jessica Block, Calit2
- 43. Using Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute NexCAVE for CAL FIRE Research and Planning Source: Jessica Block, Calit2
- 44. A Scalable Data-Driven Monitoring, Dynamic Prediction and Resilience Cyberinfrastructure for Wildfires (WiFire) NSF Has Just Awarded the WiFire Grant – Ilkay Altintas SDSC PI Development of end-to-end “cyberinfrastructure” for “analysis of large dimensional heterogeneous real-time sensor data” Photo by Bill Clayton System integration of •real-time sensor networks, •satellite imagery, •near-real time data management tools, •wildfire simulation tools •connectivity to emergency command centers before during and after a firestorm.
Editor's Notes
- Foundation for fifth-generation architecture. Change economies and scaling properties. [no more on this slide]
- Nodes cost ~$5,000 each plus $495/node/year operating fee (PI Hotel” – Pay-as-you-go computing time – purchase by recharge at 2.5 cents per core-hour share)