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“Towards a High-Performance
National Research Platform
Enabling Digital Research”
Closing Keynote
CNI Spring 2018
San Diego, CA
April 13, 2018
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
Harry E. Gruber Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
http://lsmarr.calit2.net
1
Abstract
Research in data-intensive fields is increasingly multi-investigator and multi-institutional, depending on ever more rapid
access to ultra-large heterogeneous and widely distributed datasets, which in turn is demanding new technological
solutions in visualization, machine learning, and high-performance cyberinfrastructure. I will describe how my NSF-funded
Pacific Research Platform (PRP), which provides an Internet platform with 100-1000 times the bandwidth of today's
commodity Internet to all the research universities on the West Coast, is being designed from the application needs of
researchers. The disciplines which are engaged in partnering with the PRP range from particle physics to climate to
human health, as well as archaeology, digital libraries, and social media analysis. The next stage, well underway, is
understanding how to scale this prototype cyberinfrastructure to a National and Global Research Platform.
30 Years Ago NSF Brought to University Researchers
a DOE HPC Center Model
NCSA Was Modeled on LLNL SDSC Was Modeled on MFEnet
1985/6
Thirty Years After NSF Adopts DOE Supercomputer Center Model
NSF Adopts DOE ESnet’s Science DMZ for High Performance Applications
• A Science DMZ integrates 4 key concepts into a unified whole:
– A network architecture designed for high-performance applications,
with the science network distinct from the general-purpose network
– The use of dedicated systems as data transfer nodes (DTNs)
– Performance measurement and network testing systems that are
regularly used to characterize and troubleshoot the network
– Security policies and enforcement mechanisms that are tailored for
high performance science environments
http://fasterdata.es.net/science-dmz/
Science DMZ
Coined 2010
The DOE ESnet Science DMZ and the NSF “Campus Bridging” Taskforce Report Formed the Basis
for the NSF Campus Cyberinfrastructure Network Infrastructure and Engineering (CC-NIE) Program

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Based on Community Input and on ESnet’s Science DMZ Concept,
NSF Has Made Over 200 Campus-Level Awards in 44 States
Source: Kevin Thompson, NSF
Creating a “Big Data” Freeway on Campus:
NSF-Funded CC-NIE Grants Prism@UCSD and CHeruB
Prism@UCSD, Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC, Calit2, PI (2013-15)
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In SDSC Co-Lo
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(GDC)
Logical Next Step: The Pacific Research Platform Networks Campus DMZs
to Create a Regional End-to-End Science-Driven “Big Data Superhighway” System
NSF CC*DNI Grant
$5M 10/2015-10/2020
PI: Larry Smarr, UC San Diego Calit2
Co-PIs:
• Camille Crittenden, UC Berkeley CITRIS,
• Tom DeFanti, UC San Diego Calit2/QI,
• Philip Papadopoulos, UCSD SDSC,
• Frank Wuerthwein, UCSD Physics and SDSC
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California’s Research and Education Network (CENIC) Provides
A World-Class Network Driving Innovation, Collaboration, & Economic Growth
• Charter Associates:
– California K-12 System (~10,000)
– California Community Colleges (114)
– California State University System (23)
– Stanford, Caltech, USC
– University of California (10)
– California Public Libraries (1150)
– Naval Postgraduate School
• 8,000+ miles of optical fiber
• Members in all 58 counties connect via fiber-
optic cable or leased circuits from telecom
carriers
• Over 12,000 sites connect to CENIC
• A non-profit governed by it’s members
• Collaborates with over 750 private sector
partners and contributes > $100,000,000
to the CA Economy
• 20 years of connecting California
20,000,000 Californians use CENIC
Key Innovation: UCSD Designed FIONAs To Solve the Disk-to-Disk
Data Transfer Problem at Full Speed on 10/40/100G Networks
UCSD Designed FIONAs
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Data Transfer Problem
For Big Data
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4 Times Per Day in Both Directions for All PRP Sites
January 29, 2016
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on EPSCoR affiliated
and minority serving institutions.
Co-Chairs:
Larry Smarr, Calit2
Inder Monga, ESnet
Ana Hunsinger, Internet2
Local Host: Jerry Sheehan, MSU
Expanding to the Global Research Platform
Via CENIC/Pacific Wave, Internet2, and International Links
PRP
PRP’s Current
International
Partners
Korea Shows Distance is Not the Barrier
to Above 5Gb/s Disk-to-Disk Performance
Netherlands
Guam
Australia
Korea
Japan
Singapore
Many Open Research Questions for This
Tightly Coupled Distributed “Computer” for Big Data Analysis
How To:
• Enable Data Discovery, Annotation, Curation
• Provide Both Working Data Storage and Archiving
• Encourage Application Teams to Adopt It?
• Strengthen Cybersecurity
• Tightly Integrate Cloud Providers
• Scale Both Technically and Socially?
• Plus Many More…
Our Support:
• US National Science Foundation (NSF) awards
 CNS 0821155, CNS-1338192, CNS-1456638, CNS-1730158,
ACI-1540112, & ACI-1541349
• University of California Office of the President CIO
• UCSD Chancellor’s Integrated Digital Infrastructure Program
• UCSD Next Generation Networking initiative
• Calit2 and Calit2 Qualcomm Institute
• CENIC, PacificWave and StarLight
• DOE ESnet

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Towards a High-Performance National Research Platform Enabling Digital Research

  • 1. “Towards a High-Performance National Research Platform Enabling Digital Research” Closing Keynote CNI Spring 2018 San Diego, CA April 13, 2018 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD http://lsmarr.calit2.net 1
  • 2. Abstract Research in data-intensive fields is increasingly multi-investigator and multi-institutional, depending on ever more rapid access to ultra-large heterogeneous and widely distributed datasets, which in turn is demanding new technological solutions in visualization, machine learning, and high-performance cyberinfrastructure. I will describe how my NSF-funded Pacific Research Platform (PRP), which provides an Internet platform with 100-1000 times the bandwidth of today's commodity Internet to all the research universities on the West Coast, is being designed from the application needs of researchers. The disciplines which are engaged in partnering with the PRP range from particle physics to climate to human health, as well as archaeology, digital libraries, and social media analysis. The next stage, well underway, is understanding how to scale this prototype cyberinfrastructure to a National and Global Research Platform.
  • 3. 30 Years Ago NSF Brought to University Researchers a DOE HPC Center Model NCSA Was Modeled on LLNL SDSC Was Modeled on MFEnet 1985/6
  • 4. Thirty Years After NSF Adopts DOE Supercomputer Center Model NSF Adopts DOE ESnet’s Science DMZ for High Performance Applications • A Science DMZ integrates 4 key concepts into a unified whole: – A network architecture designed for high-performance applications, with the science network distinct from the general-purpose network – The use of dedicated systems as data transfer nodes (DTNs) – Performance measurement and network testing systems that are regularly used to characterize and troubleshoot the network – Security policies and enforcement mechanisms that are tailored for high performance science environments http://fasterdata.es.net/science-dmz/ Science DMZ Coined 2010 The DOE ESnet Science DMZ and the NSF “Campus Bridging” Taskforce Report Formed the Basis for the NSF Campus Cyberinfrastructure Network Infrastructure and Engineering (CC-NIE) Program
  • 5. Based on Community Input and on ESnet’s Science DMZ Concept, NSF Has Made Over 200 Campus-Level Awards in 44 States Source: Kevin Thompson, NSF
  • 6. Creating a “Big Data” Freeway on Campus: NSF-Funded CC-NIE Grants Prism@UCSD and CHeruB Prism@UCSD, Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC, Calit2, PI (2013-15) CHERuB, Mike Norman, SDSC PI CHERuB
  • 7. How UCSD DMZ Network Transforms Big Data Microbiome Science: Preparing for Knight/Smarr 1 Million Core-Hour Analysis Knight Lab FIONA 10Gbps Gordon Prism@UCSD Data Oasis 7.5PB, 200GB/s Knight 1024 Cluster In SDSC Co-Lo CHERuB 100Gbps Emperor & Other Vis Tools 64Mpixel Data Analysis Wall 120Gbps 40Gbps 1.3Tbps
  • 8. (GDC) Logical Next Step: The Pacific Research Platform Networks Campus DMZs to Create a Regional End-to-End Science-Driven “Big Data Superhighway” System NSF CC*DNI Grant $5M 10/2015-10/2020 PI: Larry Smarr, UC San Diego Calit2 Co-PIs: • Camille Crittenden, UC Berkeley CITRIS, • Tom DeFanti, UC San Diego Calit2/QI, • Philip Papadopoulos, UCSD SDSC, • Frank Wuerthwein, UCSD Physics and SDSC Letters of Commitment from: • 50 Researchers from 15 Campuses • 32 IT/Network Organization Leaders NSF Program Officer: Amy Walton Source: John Hess, CENIC
  • 9. California’s Research and Education Network (CENIC) Provides A World-Class Network Driving Innovation, Collaboration, & Economic Growth • Charter Associates: – California K-12 System (~10,000) – California Community Colleges (114) – California State University System (23) – Stanford, Caltech, USC – University of California (10) – California Public Libraries (1150) – Naval Postgraduate School
  • 10. • 8,000+ miles of optical fiber • Members in all 58 counties connect via fiber- optic cable or leased circuits from telecom carriers • Over 12,000 sites connect to CENIC • A non-profit governed by it’s members • Collaborates with over 750 private sector partners and contributes > $100,000,000 to the CA Economy • 20 years of connecting California 20,000,000 Californians use CENIC
  • 11. Key Innovation: UCSD Designed FIONAs To Solve the Disk-to-Disk Data Transfer Problem at Full Speed on 10/40/100G Networks UCSD Designed FIONAs To Solve the Disk-to-Disk Data Transfer Problem For Big Data at Full Speed on 10G, 40G and 100G Networks FIONAS—10/40G, $8,000 Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC & Tom DeFanti, Joe Keefe & John Graham, Calit2 John Graham, Calit2 FIONette—1G, $250
  • 12. We Measure Disk-to-Disk Throughput with 10GB File Transfer 4 Times Per Day in Both Directions for All PRP Sites January 29, 2016 From Start of Monitoring 12 DTNs to 24 DTNs Connected at 10-40G in 1 ½ Years July 21, 2017 Source: John Graham, Calit2/QI
  • 13. We Aggressively Use Kubernetes to Manage Containers Across the PRP “Kubernetes is a way of stitching together a collection of machines into, basically, a big computer,” --Craig Mcluckie, Google and now CEO and Founder of Heptio "Everything at Google runs in a container." --Joe Beda,Google “Kubernetes has emerged as the container orchestration engine of choice for many cloud providers including Google, AWS, Rackspace, and Microsoft, and is now being used in HPC and Science DMZs. --John Graham, Calit2/QI UC San Diego
  • 14. Rook is Ceph Cloud-Native Object Storage ‘Inside’ Kubernetes https://rook.io/
  • 15. FIONA8 FIONA8 100G Epyc NVMe 40G 160TB 100G NVMe 6.4T SDSU 100G Gold NVMe March 2018 John Graham, UCSD 100G NVMe 6.4T Caltech 40G 160TB UCAR FIONA8 UCI FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 FIONA8 sdx-controller controller-0 Calit2 100G Gold FIONA8 SDSC 40G 160TB UCR 40G 160TB USC 40G 160TB UCLA 40G 160TB Stanford 40G 160TB UCSB 100G NVMe 6.4T 40G 160TB UCSC 40G 160TB Hawaii Running Kubernetes/Rook/Ceph On PRP Allows Us to Deploy a Distributed PB+ of Storage for Posting Science Data Rook/Ceph - Block/Object/FS Swift API compatible with SDSC, AWS, and Rackspace Kubernetes Centos7
  • 16. Increasing Participation Through PRP Science Engagement Workshops Source: Camille Crittenden, UC Berkeley UC San Diego UC Merced UC Davis UC Berkeley
  • 17. PRP’s First 2 Years: Connecting Multi-Campus Application Teams and Devices Earth Sciences
  • 18. Data Transfer Rates From 40 Gbps DTN in UCSD Physics Building, Across Campus on PRISM DMZ, Then to Chicago’s Fermilab Over CENIC/ESnet Source: Frank Wuerthwein, UCSD, SDSC Based on This Success, Will Upgrade 40G DTN to 100G For Bandwidth Tests & Kubernetes to OSG, Caltech, and UCSC
  • 19. PRP Over CENIC Couples UC Santa Cruz Astrophysics Cluster to LBNL NERSC Supercomputer CENIC 2018 Innovations in Networking Award for Research Applications
  • 20. 100 Gbps FIONA at UCSC Allows for Downloads to the UCSC Hyades Cluster from the LBNL NERSC Supercomputer for DESI Science Analysis 300 images per night. 100MB per raw image 120GB per night 250 images per night. 530MB per raw image 800GB per night Source: Peter Nugent, LBNL Professor of Astronomy, UC Berkeley Precursors to LSST and NCSA NSF-Funded Cyberengineer Shaw Dong @UCSC Receiving FIONA Feb 7, 2017
  • 21. Cancer Genomics Hub (UCSC) Was Housed in SDSC, But NIH Moved Dataset From SDSC to Uchicago - So the PRP Deployed a FIONA to Chicago’s MREN 1G 8G Data Source: David Haussler, Brad Smith, UCSC 15G Jan 2016
  • 22. The Prototype PRP Has Attracted New Application Drivers Scott Sellars, Marty Ralph Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes Frank Vernon, Graham Kent, & Ilkay Altintas, Wildfires Jules Jaffe – Undersea Microscope Tom Levy At-Risk Cultural Heritage
  • 23. Jupyter Has Become the Digital Fabric for Data Sciences PRP Creates UC-JupyterHub Backbone Source: John Graham, Calit2 Goal: Jupyter Everywhere
  • 24. PRP Links At-Risk Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Datasets at UCB, UCLA, UCM and UCSD with CAVEkiosks 48 Megapixel CAVEkiosk UCSD Library 48 Megapixel CAVEkiosk UCB Library 24 Megapixel CAVEkiosk UCM Library UC President Napolitano's Research Catalyst Award to UC San Diego (Tom Levy), UC Berkeley (Benjamin Porter), UC Merced (Nicola Lercari) and UCLA (Willeke Wendrich)
  • 25. Church Fire, San Diego CA Alert SD&ECameras/HPWREN October 21, 2017 New PRP Application: Coupling Wireless Wildfire Sensors to Computing Thomas Fire, Ventura, CA Firemap Tool, WIFIRE December 10, 2017 CENIC 2018 Innovations in Networking Award for Experimental Applications
  • 26. CENIC/PRP Backbone Sets Stage for 2017 Wireless Expansion of HPWREN into Orange and Possibly Riverside Counties • CENIC/PRP Will Connect UCSD and SDSU – Data Redundancy – Disaster Recovery – High Availability • CENIC Extension to UCI & UCR – Data Replication Sites UCR UCI UCSD SDSU Source: Frank Vernon, Greg Hidley, UCSD
  • 27. Once a Wildfire is Spotted, PRP Brings High-Resolution Weather Data to Fire Modeling Workflows in WIFIRE Real-Time Meteorological Sensors Weather Forecast Landscape data WIFIRE Firemap Fire Perimeter Work Flow PRP Source: Ilkay Altintas, SDSC
  • 28. Director: F. Martin Ralph Website: cw3e.ucsd.edu Big Data Collaboration with: Source: Scott Sellers, CW3E Collaboration on Atmospheric Water in the West Between UC San Diego and UC Irvine Director, Soroosh Sorooshian, UCSD Website http://chrs.web.uci.edu
  • 29. Calit2’s FIONA SDSC’s COMET Calit2’s FIONA Pacific Research Platform (10-100 Gb/s) GPUsGPUs Complete workflow time: 20 days20 hrs20 Minutes! UC, Irvine UC, San Diego Major Speedup in Scientific Work Flow Using the PRP Source: Scott Sellers, CW3E
  • 30. Using Machine Learning to Determine the Precipitation Object Starting Locations *Sellars et al., 2017 (in prep)
  • 31. UC San Diego Jaffe Lab (SIO) Scripps Plankton Camera Off the SIO Pier with Fiber Optic Network
  • 32. Over 300 Million Images So Far! Requires Machine Learning for Automated Image Analysis and Classification Phytoplankton: Diatoms Zooplankton: Copepods Zooplankton: Larvaceans Source: Jules Jaffe, SIO ”We are using the FIONAs for image processing... this includes doing Particle Tracking Velocimetry that is very computationally intense.”-Jules Jaffe
  • 33. New NSF CHASE-CI Grant Creates a Community Cyberinfrastructure: Adding a Machine Learning Layer Built on Top of the Pacific Research Platform Caltech UCB UCI UCR UCSD UCSC Stanford MSU UCM SDSU NSF Grant for High Speed “Cloud” of 256 GPUs For 30 ML Faculty & Their Students at 10 Campuses for Training AI Algorithms on Big Data NSF Program Officer: Mimi McClure
  • 34. FIONA8: Adding GPUs to FIONAs Supports Data Science Machine Learning Multi-Tenant Containerized GPU JupyterHub Running Kubernetes / CoreOS Eight Nvidia GTX-1080 Ti GPUs ~$13K 32GB RAM, 3TB SSD, 40G & Dual 10G ports Source: John Graham, Calit2
  • 35. Brain-Inspired Processors Are Accelerating the Non-von Neumann Architecture Era “On the drawing board are collections of 64, 256, 1024, and 4096 chips. ‘It’s only limited by money, not imagination,’ Modha says.” Source: Dr. Dharmendra Modha IBM Chief Scientist for Brain-inspired Computing August 8, 2014
  • 36. Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute Has Established a Pattern Recognition Lab For Machine Learning on GPUs and von Neumann and NvN Processors Source: Dr. Dharmendra Modha Founding Director, IBM Cognitive Computing Group August 8, 2014 UCSD ECE Professor Ken Kreutz-Delgado Brings the IBM TrueNorth Chip to Start Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute Pattern Recognition Laboratory September 16, 2015
  • 37. Our Pattern Recognition Lab is Exploring Mapping Machine Learning Algorithm Families Onto Novel Architectures Qualcomm Institute • Deep & Recurrent Neural Networks (DNN, RNN) • Graph Theoretic • Reinforcement Learning (RL) • Clustering and other neighborhood-based • Support Vector Machine (SVM) • Sparse Signal Processing and Source Localization • Dimensionality Reduction & Manifold Learning • Latent Variable Analysis (PCA, ICA) • Stochastic Sampling, Variational Approximation • Decision Tree Learning
  • 38. 48 GPUs for OSG Applications UCSD Adding >350 Game GPUs to Data Sciences Cyberinfrastructure - Devoted to Data Analytics and Machine Learning SunCAVE 70 GPUs WAVE + Vroom 48 GPUs 88 GPUs for Students CHASE-CI Grant Provides 96 GPUs at UCSD for Training AI Algorithms on Big Data
  • 39. Next Step: Surrounding the PRP Machine Learning Platform With Clouds of GPUs and Non-Von Neumann Processors Microsoft Installs Altera FPGAs into Bing Servers & 384 into TACC for Academic Access CHASE-CI 64-TrueNorth Cluster 64-bit GPUs 4352x NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPUs
  • 40. PRP Hosted The First National Research Platform Workshop on August 7-8, 2017 Co-Chairs: Larry Smarr, Calit2 & Jim Bottum, Internet2 150 Attendees Announced in I2 Closing Keynote: Larry Smarr “Toward a National Big Data Superhighway” on Wednesday, April 26, 2017
  • 41. The Second National Research Platform Workshop Bozeman, MT August 6-7, 2018 A follow-up FIONA workshop will be held as a lead into the 2nd NRP workshop in Bozeman, starting August 2nd. The program is being developed by Jerry Sheehan, in coordination with Richard Alo (JSU) and will focus on networking engineers and faculty interested in expanding the breadth of the NRP network. While the workshop will be open to the community, there is a specific focus on EPSCoR affiliated and minority serving institutions. Co-Chairs: Larry Smarr, Calit2 Inder Monga, ESnet Ana Hunsinger, Internet2 Local Host: Jerry Sheehan, MSU
  • 42. Expanding to the Global Research Platform Via CENIC/Pacific Wave, Internet2, and International Links PRP PRP’s Current International Partners Korea Shows Distance is Not the Barrier to Above 5Gb/s Disk-to-Disk Performance Netherlands Guam Australia Korea Japan Singapore
  • 43. Many Open Research Questions for This Tightly Coupled Distributed “Computer” for Big Data Analysis How To: • Enable Data Discovery, Annotation, Curation • Provide Both Working Data Storage and Archiving • Encourage Application Teams to Adopt It? • Strengthen Cybersecurity • Tightly Integrate Cloud Providers • Scale Both Technically and Socially? • Plus Many More…
  • 44. Our Support: • US National Science Foundation (NSF) awards  CNS 0821155, CNS-1338192, CNS-1456638, CNS-1730158, ACI-1540112, & ACI-1541349 • University of California Office of the President CIO • UCSD Chancellor’s Integrated Digital Infrastructure Program • UCSD Next Generation Networking initiative • Calit2 and Calit2 Qualcomm Institute • CENIC, PacificWave and StarLight • DOE ESnet