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21 APR 2021 HONG KONG
CHARLES MOK | TECH FOR GOOD ASIA
POST-COVID SECURITY AND
PRIVACY ISSUES AND
TRENDS
FROM RE-OPENING TO RECOVERY
WE’VE COME A LONG WAY
Source: Wkimedia Commons, under Creative Commons license
Source: Wkimedia Commons, under Creative Commons license

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This document summarizes opportunities and challenges in the field of mHealth. It discusses how mHealth is defined as using mobile devices like phones and tablets for healthcare services. The opportunities in mHealth include advances in networks and devices, healthcare reform goals to lower costs, and growing digital health investment and apps. However, challenges exist around FDA oversight of medical apps and risks from patent assertion entities pursuing litigation. Overall venture funding for digital health remains strong with the market for mHealth apps expected to reach $26 billion by 2017.

Covid exposure apps in England and Wales
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Presentation at Duke and Penn State universities’ conference on Pandemic Surveillance: Privacy, Security, and Data Ethics on 12 November

Johns Hopkins University | https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
World Health Organization | https://covid19.who.int/
From open data to big data analytics
“Significant Applications of Big Data in
COVID-19 Pandemic”
Indian Journal of Orthopaedics (Jul 2020)
Numerous applications:
Contact tracing/exposure notification
Vaccine discovery
Exposure notification apps notify a user if he/she has been "near" someone who later
tested positive for COVID-19, typically using Bluetooth tracking with the users' phones.
Contact tracing apps let users log their location and share it with public health
authorities.
Who’s doing what?
MIT Technology Review: "The Covid Tracing Tracker: What’s happening in coronavirus
apps around the world" (Dec 2020)
https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/12/16/1014878/covid-tracing-tracker/
EXPOSURE NOTIFICATION VS CONTACT
TRACING

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The document discusses opportunities for using data, innovation, and technology to improve health and healthcare. It notes rising healthcare costs and an aging population. It describes the US Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) budget and initiatives to make government data more open and accessible to fuel innovation. Examples are given of apps and startups using HHS data to help consumers and improve care. The document advocates for challenging developers and collaborating across sectors to develop new solutions at the intersection of health, data, and technology.

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Digital technology and COVID-19  The past decade has allowed the development of a multitude of digital tools. Now they can be used to remediate the COVID-19 outbreak. Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Lawrence Carin, Victor Dzau and Tien Y. Wong, publicado en Nature Medicine.

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Mobile healthcare apps and programs are growing rapidly due to increased smartphone usage and a focus on patient-centric care. The market for healthcare apps is expected to more than double from $25 billion in 2017 to over $58 billion in 2020. Healthcare apps allow people to conveniently monitor their health and schedule appointments. Successful healthcare apps include features like user profiles, doctor profiles, appointment booking, payments, geo-location services, telemedicine, medical records storage, and medication reminders. Developing a healthcare app costs between $30,000 to $70,000 depending on features. The global market for healthcare apps is projected to reach $1 billion by 2022.

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Singapore’s “TraceTogether”
Bluetooth based, app or token
https://www.tracetogether.gov.sg/
Hong Kong’s “LeaveHomeSafe”
QRcode based app
https://www.leavehomesafe.gov.hk/
“Data stored on device” but in case of infection, data will
be uploaded to government
…OR SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN?
GAEN
Google Apple Exposure Notification System
Originally known as “Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing Project”
https://developer.apple.com/exposure-notification/
https://www.google.com/covid19/exposurenotifications/
Decentralised reporting protocol based on bluetooth and privacy-preserving cryptography, running
on both Android and iOS — an “API” for health authorities to develop their EN apps
Adopted by various western countries (Parts of US, UK, Canada, Germany etc) but not well taken up
in Asia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification)
“A Critique of the Google Apple Exposure Notification (GAEN) Framework” (by Prof Jaap-Henk
Hoepman, Radboud University Nijmegen) — https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.05097
“this creates a dormant functionality for mass surveillance at the operating system layer…it does
not technically prevent the health authorities from implementing a purely centralised form of
contact tracing (even though that is the stated aim)”
BUT IT WORKS?
“Some evidence” shows that exposure
notification/contract tracing apps do help
bring down COVID-19 cases, even if take-up
rates of these apps are not high
The ultimate question and debate:
How to balance between privacy and
public health
Citizens’ trust levels toward governments
WFH TO HYBRID WORK
Reality strikes after race to adopt early in the pandemic
Google Wants Workers To Return To The Office Ahead Of
Schedule: This Looks Like A Blow To The Remote-Work
Trend --
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2021/04/01/google-
wants-workers-to-return-to-the-office-ahead-of-schedule-this-
looks-like-a-blow-to-the-remote-work-trend/
Microsoft: 52% of the company's IMs were being sent
between 6pm and midnight —
https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-revealed-the-latest-
truths-about-working-from-home-one-is-truly-disturbing/
Not to mention: the troubles with Zoom, and indeed any other
video conferencing tools/apps

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DIGITAL IDENTITY AND OTHER SECURITY
MEASURES, AND THE PRICE TO PAY
THE GREAT DEBATE:
VACCINE PASSPORTS
For back to work/school/traffic….etc.
From COVID-19 tests to vaccinations — fake certificates
keep coming, both in paper forms or digital copies
But, what’s in a name: Vaccine
Passport vs Health Certificates?
Issues:
Standards? Privacy?
Inequality?
ISRAEL’S GREEN PASS
CHINA’S INT’L TRAVEL HEALTH
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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are playing a significant role in understanding and addressing the crisis caused by COVID-19. The technology mimic human intelligence and ingest great volumes of data to quickly chart patterns and identify insights. One example is when BenevolentAI, a global leader in the development and application of artificial intelligence for drug discovery, took just few days to find that Baricitinib (a drug currently approved for rheumatoid arthritis, owned by Eli Lilly) is a strongest candidate and can be a potential treatment for COVID-19 patients. This accelerated the clinical trials of #Baricitinib and Eli Lilly (a giant American Pharmaceutical company) has already commenced phase III clinical trials of Baricitinib to treat COVID-19. Few more names include Deepmind, ImmunoPrecise, Insilico, healx, Imperial College, Tech Mahindra, and Deargen. Some Indian companies include NIRAMAI, Staqu, Qure.AI, Tech Mahindra, and DiyCam.

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This document analyzes and evaluates COVID-19 web applications for health professionals. It discusses the challenges they face due to the abundance of information sources during the pandemic. The authors identify several novel and important web-based applications specifically developed for COVID-19 that can help health professionals in their research and analysis. These applications include search portals, data sources, tracking dashboards, and forecasting models. The authors provide a critical analysis of selected applications based on 17 evaluation features to help researchers evaluate and select appropriate tools.

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EU’S DIGITAL GREEN
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database”
Most likely there will not be a
‘nationally issued’ vaccine
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MORE…COMING IN ASIA

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The document describes a COVID19 Analyzer application created using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and React. The application aims to improve accessibility of basic COVID-19 information for the public and policymakers by depicting daily disease trends in India. It analyzes existing COVID tracking applications in India but provides worldwide data. The application architecture uses a decoupled front-end and back-end design with a client-side cloud receiving data from a server-side cloud database through REST APIs. This allows dynamic updating of COVID case statistics on the main interface.

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Artificial intelligence has helped address many challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. AI has been used for disease surveillance and tracking the spread of the virus faster than health organizations, developing virtual healthcare assistants to provide medical information and screening, and improving diagnostic times by analyzing CT scans to detect pneumonia. Other applications of AI include using facial recognition and thermal cameras to identify individuals with fevers, deploying robots for tasks like food delivery to isolate patients and reduce risk to healthcare workers, expediting vaccine and drug research, and combating the spread of misinformation online. While concerns exist around privacy, AI shows promise in supporting the global response efforts to this public health crisis.

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SINGAPORE’S
STRATEGY
Standards: “HealthCerts is a set of digital standards and
schema for issuing digital COVID-19 test results
certificates that are in line with international standards
and the Singapore Government’s requirements.”
Multiple local firms as “providers”:
https://www.healthcerts.gov.sg/list-of-providers/
Leveraging nation’s “trade bubble” strategy — with
Malaysia, Australia, Hong Kong etc.
Early implementation by: IBM Digital Health Pass, CommonPass (supported by World
Economic Forum), Travel Pass (supported by IATA), ICC AOKPass (supported by ICC), etc.
Competing ‘standards’: Linux Foundation Public Health’s COVID-19 Credentials Initiative
(CCI); Vaccination Credential Initiative (VCI) supported by Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, etc.
Public concerns on issues like: privacy, data security risks, discrimination (for access to
services and work, etc.), inequality (within and between nations), normalising health
surveillance, uncertainty of vaccine effects, etc. — all with socio-economical, political and
even racial implications
Creating long-term infrastructure for a time-bound crisis
Reference: Ada Lovelace Institute
https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/project/international-monitor-vaccine-passports-
covid-status-apps/
VACCINE PASSPORTS: WHERE TO GO FROM
HERE?
WHO INTERIM
GUIDELINES
Published in March 2021
TECHNOLOGY IMPLICATIONS
New technology adoption accelerated
Self-sovereign identity/verifiable
credentials network
Blockchain
Advances in cryptographic key exchange
Decentralised identity (DID)
More effective vaccine tracing
By Daniel Hardman under Creative Commons

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TOP TEN: Big Data_ Issue 16 _ Dec 2014
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In this issue of TOP TEN we provide the reader with a wealth of information related to current and future usages of BIG DATA. The reader will get an insight into usages in the realm of education, health, construction, management as well as marketing.

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STAY SAFE, BE HEALTHY
CHARLES MOK
TECH FOR GOOD ASIA
https://www.facebook.com/charles.mok/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/charlesmok/
Twitter: @charlesmok

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From Re-Opening to Recovery: Post-COVID Security and Privacy Issues and Trends

  • 1. 21 APR 2021 HONG KONG CHARLES MOK | TECH FOR GOOD ASIA POST-COVID SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES AND TRENDS FROM RE-OPENING TO RECOVERY
  • 2. WE’VE COME A LONG WAY
  • 3. Source: Wkimedia Commons, under Creative Commons license
  • 4. Source: Wkimedia Commons, under Creative Commons license
  • 5. Johns Hopkins University | https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
  • 6. World Health Organization | https://covid19.who.int/
  • 7. From open data to big data analytics “Significant Applications of Big Data in COVID-19 Pandemic” Indian Journal of Orthopaedics (Jul 2020) Numerous applications: Contact tracing/exposure notification Vaccine discovery
  • 8. Exposure notification apps notify a user if he/she has been "near" someone who later tested positive for COVID-19, typically using Bluetooth tracking with the users' phones. Contact tracing apps let users log their location and share it with public health authorities. Who’s doing what? MIT Technology Review: "The Covid Tracing Tracker: What’s happening in coronavirus apps around the world" (Dec 2020) https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/12/16/1014878/covid-tracing-tracker/ EXPOSURE NOTIFICATION VS CONTACT TRACING
  • 9. Singapore’s “TraceTogether” Bluetooth based, app or token https://www.tracetogether.gov.sg/ Hong Kong’s “LeaveHomeSafe” QRcode based app https://www.leavehomesafe.gov.hk/ “Data stored on device” but in case of infection, data will be uploaded to government …OR SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN?
  • 10. GAEN Google Apple Exposure Notification System Originally known as “Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing Project” https://developer.apple.com/exposure-notification/ https://www.google.com/covid19/exposurenotifications/ Decentralised reporting protocol based on bluetooth and privacy-preserving cryptography, running on both Android and iOS — an “API” for health authorities to develop their EN apps Adopted by various western countries (Parts of US, UK, Canada, Germany etc) but not well taken up in Asia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification) “A Critique of the Google Apple Exposure Notification (GAEN) Framework” (by Prof Jaap-Henk Hoepman, Radboud University Nijmegen) — https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.05097 “this creates a dormant functionality for mass surveillance at the operating system layer…it does not technically prevent the health authorities from implementing a purely centralised form of contact tracing (even though that is the stated aim)”
  • 11. BUT IT WORKS? “Some evidence” shows that exposure notification/contract tracing apps do help bring down COVID-19 cases, even if take-up rates of these apps are not high The ultimate question and debate: How to balance between privacy and public health Citizens’ trust levels toward governments
  • 12. WFH TO HYBRID WORK Reality strikes after race to adopt early in the pandemic Google Wants Workers To Return To The Office Ahead Of Schedule: This Looks Like A Blow To The Remote-Work Trend -- https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2021/04/01/google- wants-workers-to-return-to-the-office-ahead-of-schedule-this- looks-like-a-blow-to-the-remote-work-trend/ Microsoft: 52% of the company's IMs were being sent between 6pm and midnight — https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-revealed-the-latest- truths-about-working-from-home-one-is-truly-disturbing/ Not to mention: the troubles with Zoom, and indeed any other video conferencing tools/apps
  • 13. DIGITAL IDENTITY AND OTHER SECURITY MEASURES, AND THE PRICE TO PAY
  • 14. THE GREAT DEBATE: VACCINE PASSPORTS For back to work/school/traffic….etc. From COVID-19 tests to vaccinations — fake certificates keep coming, both in paper forms or digital copies But, what’s in a name: Vaccine Passport vs Health Certificates? Issues: Standards? Privacy? Inequality?
  • 16. CHINA’S INT’L TRAVEL HEALTH CERTIFICATE
  • 19. US CDC’S VACCINATION RECORD CARD Federal government “will not maintain centralised vaccination database” Most likely there will not be a ‘nationally issued’ vaccine passport
  • 21. SINGAPORE’S STRATEGY Standards: “HealthCerts is a set of digital standards and schema for issuing digital COVID-19 test results certificates that are in line with international standards and the Singapore Government’s requirements.” Multiple local firms as “providers”: https://www.healthcerts.gov.sg/list-of-providers/ Leveraging nation’s “trade bubble” strategy — with Malaysia, Australia, Hong Kong etc.
  • 22. Early implementation by: IBM Digital Health Pass, CommonPass (supported by World Economic Forum), Travel Pass (supported by IATA), ICC AOKPass (supported by ICC), etc. Competing ‘standards’: Linux Foundation Public Health’s COVID-19 Credentials Initiative (CCI); Vaccination Credential Initiative (VCI) supported by Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, etc. Public concerns on issues like: privacy, data security risks, discrimination (for access to services and work, etc.), inequality (within and between nations), normalising health surveillance, uncertainty of vaccine effects, etc. — all with socio-economical, political and even racial implications Creating long-term infrastructure for a time-bound crisis Reference: Ada Lovelace Institute https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/project/international-monitor-vaccine-passports- covid-status-apps/ VACCINE PASSPORTS: WHERE TO GO FROM HERE?
  • 24. TECHNOLOGY IMPLICATIONS New technology adoption accelerated Self-sovereign identity/verifiable credentials network Blockchain Advances in cryptographic key exchange Decentralised identity (DID) More effective vaccine tracing By Daniel Hardman under Creative Commons
  • 25. STAY SAFE, BE HEALTHY CHARLES MOK TECH FOR GOOD ASIA https://www.facebook.com/charles.mok/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/charlesmok/ Twitter: @charlesmok