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2014 TBC-World 1
Unravelling
Web Performance Internals
2014 TBC-World 2
 Internet is built with
trust in mind
between nodes
 Scalable
Decentralized
Architecture, open to
add remove any
number of nodes
 IP Addresses,
Protocols
SOME BASICS
ON INTERNET!
2014 TBC-World 3
LATENCY: DISTANCE,
ROUTE/TRAFFIC,PACKET LOSS LAST
MILE
2014 TBC-World 4
Web Performance
Matters
Foundation of “User
Experience”
Web performance
is widely
mis-understood!
TIME(SPEED)
IS MONEY!

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Keys To World-Class Retail Web Performance - Expert tips for holiday web read...
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2014 TBC-World 5
PERCIEVED
EXP.
VS REAL
PERF.
 If measured objectively, both
site would have looked to have
taken same amount of time to
Load.
 But, perceived performance has
a lot to do with when is the
“Document Ready”
 Sometimes, all that requires is
“Perceived Experience” than
real performance numbers!
E.g. Effect on a Button Click
2014 TBC-World 6
2014 TBC-World 7
 Hundreds of files to load in a Web Address
 Sometimes more than a Megabyte to
download
 Developer Errors
 HTTP 1.1 is not that great
 100s of resources, Render blocking scripts,
DNS resolutions, Multiple downloads,
Bandwidth, Latency
 Not clear priority on critical performance
areas
USERS ARE NOT
READY TO WAIT!
2014 TBC-World 8
LET US GO
UNDER THE
HOOD
 Your Computer: Client /
Browser
 Sea of Servers, Cloud
 DNS (Resolving NS, Root
NS, TLD NS,
Authoritative NS)
 IP Address, TCP
Handshake
 Network
 HTTP Request, HTTP
Response
 Binary data, Encode
 HTML (metadata, body)
 SESSION
 CSS,JS,AJAX/XML HTTP
REQUESTS

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2014 TBC-World 9
A WEB ADDRESS
 Amazon’s target in major US Cities
• <200 ms to First Byte (TTFB)
• <500 ms to Above the Fold content
• <2000 ms to complete a page load
2014 TBC-World 10
What a Desktop/Mobile
Browser is expected to
do at the Blink of an
EYE!
2014 TBC-World 11
HTTP REQUEST AND RESPONSE
 HTML DOM
 CSS
 Images
 JS 
2014 TBC-World 12
IMPORTANT
TO
IMPROVE
WEB PERF.
Image Source: Radware
Bringing it from 16+ sec to 7-8 sec is the
easier part
•Bringing it under 4 sec is the real
challenge
•Easy to blame Hardware – but that may
not be the issue
Mature Optimization is the key

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2014 TBC-World 13
 Round Trip Time,
Response Time
 Throughput
 Latency
 Load Time, time to
First Byte
 Payload
 DNS Lookup times
 End user
Experience on Real
Browsers
 Type of Payload
 Level of Caching
 On Load
Performance
 Web Perf. on Phone,
Web, Tab, Desktop
 GTMetrix.com, Webpagetest.org, Pingdom
 YSlow, Google Page Speed test
 Device Simulators
 Grinder, jMeter, Load Runner: Performance under stress/load
 Google Analytics (For real PROD numbers )
How to Measure and Analyze?
What to Measure?
2014 TBC-World 14
BUT, DO WE
KNOW HOW
TO
INTERPRET
RESULTS?
2014 TBC-World 15
WHAT COULD BE
WRONG?  Test conditions
 # of Resources to
Load and Type of
resources
 Ordering of
Resources
 Trouble maker
resources -HTTP
Statuses
 Too late to paint?
 Lack of Caching?
 Too many connections to
same host?
 Large Time to First Byte?
 Too many plugins?
 Total Payload, Too many
images?
 Pages landing to naked
domain or www?
2014 TBC-World 16
COMPARE
 Payload
 Grade
 #of Requests
 Caching
 Other params

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2014 TBC-World 17
REAL
WORLD
PERF.
 Beware of
Averages
 Performance
of all Pages
and not just
Home page or
few pages
 Beware of
route
congestions
on specific
routes on
specific
days/time
2014 TBC-World 18
PERF.
WHEN
STRESSED
 Find the max
throughput
under a
reasonable
Response time
variance
 Repeat Load
Tests with
several perf
tuning steps
including HW
spec changes
2014 TBC-World 19
WPO (WEB PERFORMANCE
OPTIMISATION) FACTORS
 Locations of the Client Browser
 Server Location, CDN Edge locations
 Bandwidth, Type of Connectivity (2G,
3G, 4G, DSL, Fiber, Cable)
 Type of Browser – some browsers are
Smarter
 Client and Server Config, Scale
horizontal, Scale Vertical Cloud, PAAS
or IAAS Cloud
 One size fits all Language frameworks,
CMS Frameworks, e-COM Frameworks,
jQuery Libraries, Boiler plate templates
could impact perf.
 Payload of the page
 ISPs, Traffic en-Route
 # of Trans/Load on the
server
 Web Stack: OS, Web
Server, Relational DB
Servers, Programming
Lang, No SQL Databases
 JSON vs XML
 Async, Lazy Loading
 Responsive vs Device
Type Specific
2014 TBC-World 20
DEEP INTO WPO FACTORS
 Front End Optimization
 Sprites, Compression
 Static/Dynamic Page Caching
 Bundling
 File Minification
 Domain Sharding
 Browser Caching
 Image Optimization,
Progressive jPEG
 Defer JS parsing
 DB Caching and Indexing
 Efficient Code
 SSD Drives, IOPS optimized
Drives
 DDOS counters, Defenders
 HTTP1.1,HTTPS, SPDY,
HTTP2
 All the Fancy Scripts
(Analytics, Effects, Social
share scripts etc..)
 LESSER CNAMEs
 HTTP Failure Statuses

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2014 TBC-World 21
 Understand the need – A sub 4 sec load time may not be
what all customers are looking for.
 If sub 4 sec load is required, check if it is required in all
pages – get Clarity
 Get the “Buy-in” for agreed numbers from all
stakeholders
 Do not let the perf measurement and tuning be the
first casuality in the rush to the reduce time to
market(TTM), and while shipping a minimum viable
product (MVP)
ACTION STEPS
2014 TBC-World 22
 Build it Right, Deploy it right:
 Follow best practices. Everyone must be aware: Do share perf tips
learned here with your team!
 Eliminate 404 and un-necessary redirects
 Reduce # of images, Optimize images, Compress, Minimize payload,
bundle
 Cache it right, Use CDN, Avoid too many hosts but not too less too.
 Interpret Page test results correctly and take action
 Write Quality code – High Performance code
 Put Special Focus on Front-End, a typical problem area
 Identify critical screens, too much focus on home page can backfire
ACTION STEPS
2014 TBC-World 23
 Benchmark/Optimize/Automate:
 Conduct User Experience Studies. Conduct Perf. tests
on load and otherwise
 Benchmark/Optimize: Make Page speed test (Use Yslow
or Google speed test) part of regular sprint test. If
possible, automate it right into continuous integration
scripts , where possible.
 Consider Deployment of Dynamic Site Acceleration
Solutions like Akamai/YOTTA when demands are for sub
3 sec page load, across geographies
ACTION STEPS
2014 TBC-World 24
My Coordinates: linkedin.com/in/sreejeshkm
http://www.slideshare.net/sreejeshkm
THANK YOU
Image Sources: Radware, Akamaii,

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Web Performance Internals explained for Developers and other stake holders.

  • 1. 2014 TBC-World 1 Unravelling Web Performance Internals
  • 2. 2014 TBC-World 2  Internet is built with trust in mind between nodes  Scalable Decentralized Architecture, open to add remove any number of nodes  IP Addresses, Protocols SOME BASICS ON INTERNET!
  • 3. 2014 TBC-World 3 LATENCY: DISTANCE, ROUTE/TRAFFIC,PACKET LOSS LAST MILE
  • 4. 2014 TBC-World 4 Web Performance Matters Foundation of “User Experience” Web performance is widely mis-understood! TIME(SPEED) IS MONEY!
  • 5. 2014 TBC-World 5 PERCIEVED EXP. VS REAL PERF.  If measured objectively, both site would have looked to have taken same amount of time to Load.  But, perceived performance has a lot to do with when is the “Document Ready”  Sometimes, all that requires is “Perceived Experience” than real performance numbers! E.g. Effect on a Button Click
  • 7. 2014 TBC-World 7  Hundreds of files to load in a Web Address  Sometimes more than a Megabyte to download  Developer Errors  HTTP 1.1 is not that great  100s of resources, Render blocking scripts, DNS resolutions, Multiple downloads, Bandwidth, Latency  Not clear priority on critical performance areas USERS ARE NOT READY TO WAIT!
  • 8. 2014 TBC-World 8 LET US GO UNDER THE HOOD  Your Computer: Client / Browser  Sea of Servers, Cloud  DNS (Resolving NS, Root NS, TLD NS, Authoritative NS)  IP Address, TCP Handshake  Network  HTTP Request, HTTP Response  Binary data, Encode  HTML (metadata, body)  SESSION  CSS,JS,AJAX/XML HTTP REQUESTS
  • 9. 2014 TBC-World 9 A WEB ADDRESS  Amazon’s target in major US Cities • <200 ms to First Byte (TTFB) • <500 ms to Above the Fold content • <2000 ms to complete a page load
  • 10. 2014 TBC-World 10 What a Desktop/Mobile Browser is expected to do at the Blink of an EYE!
  • 11. 2014 TBC-World 11 HTTP REQUEST AND RESPONSE  HTML DOM  CSS  Images  JS 
  • 12. 2014 TBC-World 12 IMPORTANT TO IMPROVE WEB PERF. Image Source: Radware Bringing it from 16+ sec to 7-8 sec is the easier part •Bringing it under 4 sec is the real challenge •Easy to blame Hardware – but that may not be the issue Mature Optimization is the key
  • 13. 2014 TBC-World 13  Round Trip Time, Response Time  Throughput  Latency  Load Time, time to First Byte  Payload  DNS Lookup times  End user Experience on Real Browsers  Type of Payload  Level of Caching  On Load Performance  Web Perf. on Phone, Web, Tab, Desktop  GTMetrix.com, Webpagetest.org, Pingdom  YSlow, Google Page Speed test  Device Simulators  Grinder, jMeter, Load Runner: Performance under stress/load  Google Analytics (For real PROD numbers ) How to Measure and Analyze? What to Measure?
  • 14. 2014 TBC-World 14 BUT, DO WE KNOW HOW TO INTERPRET RESULTS?
  • 15. 2014 TBC-World 15 WHAT COULD BE WRONG?  Test conditions  # of Resources to Load and Type of resources  Ordering of Resources  Trouble maker resources -HTTP Statuses  Too late to paint?  Lack of Caching?  Too many connections to same host?  Large Time to First Byte?  Too many plugins?  Total Payload, Too many images?  Pages landing to naked domain or www?
  • 16. 2014 TBC-World 16 COMPARE  Payload  Grade  #of Requests  Caching  Other params
  • 17. 2014 TBC-World 17 REAL WORLD PERF.  Beware of Averages  Performance of all Pages and not just Home page or few pages  Beware of route congestions on specific routes on specific days/time
  • 18. 2014 TBC-World 18 PERF. WHEN STRESSED  Find the max throughput under a reasonable Response time variance  Repeat Load Tests with several perf tuning steps including HW spec changes
  • 19. 2014 TBC-World 19 WPO (WEB PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION) FACTORS  Locations of the Client Browser  Server Location, CDN Edge locations  Bandwidth, Type of Connectivity (2G, 3G, 4G, DSL, Fiber, Cable)  Type of Browser – some browsers are Smarter  Client and Server Config, Scale horizontal, Scale Vertical Cloud, PAAS or IAAS Cloud  One size fits all Language frameworks, CMS Frameworks, e-COM Frameworks, jQuery Libraries, Boiler plate templates could impact perf.  Payload of the page  ISPs, Traffic en-Route  # of Trans/Load on the server  Web Stack: OS, Web Server, Relational DB Servers, Programming Lang, No SQL Databases  JSON vs XML  Async, Lazy Loading  Responsive vs Device Type Specific
  • 20. 2014 TBC-World 20 DEEP INTO WPO FACTORS  Front End Optimization  Sprites, Compression  Static/Dynamic Page Caching  Bundling  File Minification  Domain Sharding  Browser Caching  Image Optimization, Progressive jPEG  Defer JS parsing  DB Caching and Indexing  Efficient Code  SSD Drives, IOPS optimized Drives  DDOS counters, Defenders  HTTP1.1,HTTPS, SPDY, HTTP2  All the Fancy Scripts (Analytics, Effects, Social share scripts etc..)  LESSER CNAMEs  HTTP Failure Statuses
  • 21. 2014 TBC-World 21  Understand the need – A sub 4 sec load time may not be what all customers are looking for.  If sub 4 sec load is required, check if it is required in all pages – get Clarity  Get the “Buy-in” for agreed numbers from all stakeholders  Do not let the perf measurement and tuning be the first casuality in the rush to the reduce time to market(TTM), and while shipping a minimum viable product (MVP) ACTION STEPS
  • 22. 2014 TBC-World 22  Build it Right, Deploy it right:  Follow best practices. Everyone must be aware: Do share perf tips learned here with your team!  Eliminate 404 and un-necessary redirects  Reduce # of images, Optimize images, Compress, Minimize payload, bundle  Cache it right, Use CDN, Avoid too many hosts but not too less too.  Interpret Page test results correctly and take action  Write Quality code – High Performance code  Put Special Focus on Front-End, a typical problem area  Identify critical screens, too much focus on home page can backfire ACTION STEPS
  • 23. 2014 TBC-World 23  Benchmark/Optimize/Automate:  Conduct User Experience Studies. Conduct Perf. tests on load and otherwise  Benchmark/Optimize: Make Page speed test (Use Yslow or Google speed test) part of regular sprint test. If possible, automate it right into continuous integration scripts , where possible.  Consider Deployment of Dynamic Site Acceleration Solutions like Akamai/YOTTA when demands are for sub 3 sec page load, across geographies ACTION STEPS
  • 24. 2014 TBC-World 24 My Coordinates: linkedin.com/in/sreejeshkm http://www.slideshare.net/sreejeshkm THANK YOU Image Sources: Radware, Akamaii,

Editor's Notes

  1. http://www.akamai.com/html/technology/dataviz1.html
  2. http://www.akamai.com/html/technology/dataviz1.html
  3. http://www.akamai.com/html/technology/dataviz1.html
  4. Web Performance Optimization - WPO