SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Do You Enjoy Espresso
in Android App Testing?
6 February 2014
Ville-Veikko Helppi
Technical Product Manager
ville-veikko.helppi@bitbar.com
POLL:
What is your primary test
automation framework?
(for Android)
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
2
Agenda
• Testdroid Update!
• Espresso – What Are We Talking About?
• Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps
• Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud
• Q&A
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
3
Agenda
• Testdroid Update!
• Espresso – What Are We Talking About?
• Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps
• Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud
• Q&A
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
4

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© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
5
Testdroid Products
Complete Solution for Mobile Apps/Games Testing
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
6
Testdroid Pricing
– No More Unpredictable App Testing Costs!
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
7
Testdroid Blog and Webinars
– Because it is important to know how to automate your testing!
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All rights reserved.
8

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Espresso?
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
9
Agenda
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• Q&A
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All rights reserved.
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Appium
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
11
Android Test Automation Frameworks
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JUnit
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12

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• Robotium:
• uiautomator:
• Espresso:
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
13
int index = 0;
Button buttonToFind;
for (Button button : solo.getCurrentViews(Button.class)) {
if (button.getText().contains("the")) {
index++;
if (index == 5) {
buttonToFind = button;
break;
}
}
}
new UiSelector().className("Button").textContains("the").index(4)
onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
.getIdentifier(”app.name.android:id/button", null, null)))
.perform(click());
Android Instrumentation Framework
• InstrumentationTestRunner
– the primary plumbing for
running tests on Android
• Android Instrumentation
Framework is built on top of
JUnit – a standard test
framework on for any Java
development
• Mock objects – methods for
creating mock system
objects such as content,
service and intent.
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
14
Espresso by Google – Basics
• Light-weight abstraction (only 600 lines of code)
• Easy to setup & easily extendable
• Time-independent
• Backward compatibility (supporting various API levels)
• A custom Instrumentation Testrunner with special privileges
• Works on API levels 8 (Froyo), 10 (Gingerbread), 15-19 (IJK)
• Thin layer on top of Android Instrumentation Framework
• Uses the Hamcrest matcher library
https://github.com/hamcrest
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
15
Espresso by Google – Basics 2
• Easy API for extending the framework:
– You can write new matchers: onView(myCustomMatcher<View>)
– You can write new actions: perform(myCustomAction)
– You can write new checks: check(myCustomAssertion)
• Reliable: Synchronizes with the UI thread
• It’s fast because there is no need for any sleeps (tests run on
same millisecond when the app becomes idle)
• No support for web views and missing screenshot functions
• More information Espresso can be found here:
– https://code.google.com/p/android-test-kit/
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
16

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How Espresso Compares to Others?
Espresso Robotium uiautomator Calabash Appium
Android Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
iOS No No No No Yes
Mobile web No Yes
(Android)
Limited to x.y
clicks
Hybrid
(webviews)
Yes
(Android & iOS)
Scripting
Language
Java Java Java Roby Almost any
Test creation
tools
Hierarchy
Viewer
Testdroid
Recorder
UI Automator
viewer
CLI Appium.app
Supported
API levels
8, 10, 15-19 All 16 => All All
Community Google Contributors Google Semi-Active Active
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
17
Easy-to-Learn Espresso Syntax
• OnView
• Check if view with the text “Hello” is shown
• R class ID identifier for “Sign in” – and click on it
• Type text in text field
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
18
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.Espresso.onView;
onView(withText("Hello")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
.getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/sign_in", null, null)))
.perform(click());
onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
.getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/edit", null, null)))
.perform((typeText("Testdroid is awesome!")));
Agenda
• Testdroid Update!
• Espresso – What Are We Talking About?
• Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps
• Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud
• Q&A
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
19
Getting Started - Requirements
• Use the latest standalone JAR from Android
Test Kit page:
– https://code.google.com/p/android-test-kit/
• Reference this JAR in your test project
– Right click on project -> Properties -> Java Build
Path -> Add External JARs
• The current version:
– espresso-1.1-bundled.jar
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
20

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Mods in Android Manifest file
• Update AndroidManifest.xml with two things:
– Specify instrumentation test runner &
– Include “uses-library” -> BUILD THE PACKAGE
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved. 21
Go to https://cloud.testdroid.com
• Under Projects menu, create Android project
• Select Full test run
• Upload your APK and test APK
• Select Advanced Configuration
-> Test execution -> Custom test runner
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved. 22
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved. 23
com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner
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0 % = the percentage of your app users
that use emulator to run your app!
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
25
Check List for Espresso Users
• Testing environment as authentic as possible
– Real devices <-> emulators/simulators
• Test coverage needs to be adequate
– Software is not identical in all Android devices
– Hardware is even more fragmented landscape
• Surrounding testing conditions (e.g. network)
• Try not to build in repetitive, manual processes
• Is Espresso framework that works for you?
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
26
What Framework Works You The Best?
• App still under development
– High-level & declarative test automation frameworks
work well
– More UI specific – e.g. Espresso – requires some details
about app under development
• Easy to integrate with continuous integration?
• Distance between use case and actual test?
• What do you build: Native, Hybrid or Web app?
• The technical competence in your organization?
• Desired outcome from test automation?
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
27
Why Espresso is A Good Choice?
• Easy to Setup & Extend
– Based on Standard Android Instrumentation
• Reliable: Synchronizes with the UI thread
• It’s fast because there is no need for any sleeps
(tests run on same millisecond when the app
becomes idle)
• Time-independent
• Google!
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
28

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Watch a live presentation at http://offer.bitbar.com/the-status-of-android-hardware-and-software-from-app-developers-point-of-view During the Q1’2014, we conducted a major research where we gathered and analyzed data of executed test runs at Testdroid Cloud. There were over 5.4M tests, 100K+ test cases, and 232-269 real Android devices used during three months. This webinar will focus on results, both from hardware and software point of view - and how app developers need to deal with those issues. Stay tuned and join our upcoming webinars at http://bitbar.com/testing/webinars/

androidios testingmobile testing
Agenda
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• Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps
• Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud
• Q&A
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
29
Agenda
• Testdroid Update!
• Espresso – What Are We Talking About?
• Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps
• Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud
• Q&A
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
30
© Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014
All rights reserved.
31

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Do You Enjoy Espresso in Android App Testing?

  • 1. Do You Enjoy Espresso in Android App Testing? 6 February 2014 Ville-Veikko Helppi Technical Product Manager ville-veikko.helppi@bitbar.com
  • 2. POLL: What is your primary test automation framework? (for Android) © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 2
  • 3. Agenda • Testdroid Update! • Espresso – What Are We Talking About? • Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps • Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud • Q&A © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 3
  • 4. Agenda • Testdroid Update! • Espresso – What Are We Talking About? • Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps • Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud • Q&A © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 4
  • 5. © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 5
  • 6. Testdroid Products Complete Solution for Mobile Apps/Games Testing © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 6
  • 7. Testdroid Pricing – No More Unpredictable App Testing Costs! © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 7
  • 8. Testdroid Blog and Webinars – Because it is important to know how to automate your testing! © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 8
  • 9. POLL: Do you use/have you used Espresso? © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 9
  • 10. Agenda • Testdroid Update! • Espresso – What Are We Talking About? • Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps • Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud • Q&A © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 10
  • 11. Android Test Automation Frameworks - The Family Tree JUnit Android Instrumentation Framework Robotium Espresso UI Automator Calabash Appium © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 11
  • 12. Android Test Automation Frameworks - The Family Tree JUnit Android Instrumentation Framework Robotium Espresso UI Automator Calabash Appium © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 12
  • 13. Robotium – uiautomator – Espresso • Robotium: • uiautomator: • Espresso: © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 13 int index = 0; Button buttonToFind; for (Button button : solo.getCurrentViews(Button.class)) { if (button.getText().contains("the")) { index++; if (index == 5) { buttonToFind = button; break; } } } new UiSelector().className("Button").textContains("the").index(4) onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources() .getIdentifier(”app.name.android:id/button", null, null))) .perform(click());
  • 14. Android Instrumentation Framework • InstrumentationTestRunner – the primary plumbing for running tests on Android • Android Instrumentation Framework is built on top of JUnit – a standard test framework on for any Java development • Mock objects – methods for creating mock system objects such as content, service and intent. © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 14
  • 15. Espresso by Google – Basics • Light-weight abstraction (only 600 lines of code) • Easy to setup & easily extendable • Time-independent • Backward compatibility (supporting various API levels) • A custom Instrumentation Testrunner with special privileges • Works on API levels 8 (Froyo), 10 (Gingerbread), 15-19 (IJK) • Thin layer on top of Android Instrumentation Framework • Uses the Hamcrest matcher library https://github.com/hamcrest © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 15
  • 16. Espresso by Google – Basics 2 • Easy API for extending the framework: – You can write new matchers: onView(myCustomMatcher<View>) – You can write new actions: perform(myCustomAction) – You can write new checks: check(myCustomAssertion) • Reliable: Synchronizes with the UI thread • It’s fast because there is no need for any sleeps (tests run on same millisecond when the app becomes idle) • No support for web views and missing screenshot functions • More information Espresso can be found here: – https://code.google.com/p/android-test-kit/ © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 16
  • 17. How Espresso Compares to Others? Espresso Robotium uiautomator Calabash Appium Android Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes iOS No No No No Yes Mobile web No Yes (Android) Limited to x.y clicks Hybrid (webviews) Yes (Android & iOS) Scripting Language Java Java Java Roby Almost any Test creation tools Hierarchy Viewer Testdroid Recorder UI Automator viewer CLI Appium.app Supported API levels 8, 10, 15-19 All 16 => All All Community Google Contributors Google Semi-Active Active © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 17
  • 18. Easy-to-Learn Espresso Syntax • OnView • Check if view with the text “Hello” is shown • R class ID identifier for “Sign in” – and click on it • Type text in text field © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 18 import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.Espresso.onView; onView(withText("Hello")).check(matches(isDisplayed())); onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources() .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/sign_in", null, null))) .perform(click()); onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources() .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/edit", null, null))) .perform((typeText("Testdroid is awesome!")));
  • 19. Agenda • Testdroid Update! • Espresso – What Are We Talking About? • Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps • Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud • Q&A © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 19
  • 20. Getting Started - Requirements • Use the latest standalone JAR from Android Test Kit page: – https://code.google.com/p/android-test-kit/ • Reference this JAR in your test project – Right click on project -> Properties -> Java Build Path -> Add External JARs • The current version: – espresso-1.1-bundled.jar © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 20
  • 21. Mods in Android Manifest file • Update AndroidManifest.xml with two things: – Specify instrumentation test runner & – Include “uses-library” -> BUILD THE PACKAGE © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 21
  • 22. Go to https://cloud.testdroid.com • Under Projects menu, create Android project • Select Full test run • Upload your APK and test APK • Select Advanced Configuration -> Test execution -> Custom test runner © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 22
  • 23. © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 23 com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner
  • 24. © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 24
  • 25. Espresso – Better with Emulators? • Emulators won’t help you to test… – User Experience and Usability – Hardware – Software – Infrastructure 0 % = the percentage of your app users that use emulator to run your app! © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 25
  • 26. Check List for Espresso Users • Testing environment as authentic as possible – Real devices <-> emulators/simulators • Test coverage needs to be adequate – Software is not identical in all Android devices – Hardware is even more fragmented landscape • Surrounding testing conditions (e.g. network) • Try not to build in repetitive, manual processes • Is Espresso framework that works for you? © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 26
  • 27. What Framework Works You The Best? • App still under development – High-level & declarative test automation frameworks work well – More UI specific – e.g. Espresso – requires some details about app under development • Easy to integrate with continuous integration? • Distance between use case and actual test? • What do you build: Native, Hybrid or Web app? • The technical competence in your organization? • Desired outcome from test automation? © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 27
  • 28. Why Espresso is A Good Choice? • Easy to Setup & Extend – Based on Standard Android Instrumentation • Reliable: Synchronizes with the UI thread • It’s fast because there is no need for any sleeps (tests run on same millisecond when the app becomes idle) • Time-independent • Google! © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 28
  • 29. Agenda • Testdroid Update! • Espresso – What Are We Talking About? • Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps • Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud • Q&A © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 29
  • 30. Agenda • Testdroid Update! • Espresso – What Are We Talking About? • Get Up and Running with Espresso – 3 Steps • Hands-On with Eclipse + Testdroid Cloud • Q&A © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 30
  • 31. © Copyrights by Bitbar Technologies Ltd. 2014 All rights reserved. 31