Getting Started with XCTest and XCUITest for iOS App Testing

TheMobile DevOps Company
Ville-VeikkoHelppi
HeadofDemandGeneration
ville-veikko.helppi@bitbar.com
GettingStarted with
XCTest andXCUITest
for iOS App Testing
WEBINAR

XCTest&XCUITest
• The State of The Art in iOS App Testing
– Frameworks, Tools & Methods
• The Basics of XCTest & XCUITest –
And How to Get Started
• Alternative iOS Test Automation
Frameworks – Pros and Cons of Each
• Demonstration
• Q&A
Agenda
http://bitbar.com/testing/
More informationabout test
automation frameworks for iOS:
bitbar.com/testing/

PublicCloud
• Device ‘Cloud’ built for internal testing use
• Enterprise-grade testing infrastructure hosted by the
customer
• Usually sits behind customer firewall and connects to
preproduction environments
• Private Device Cloud
• Reserved and Dedicated devices
• Hosted and Fully Managed by Bitbar
• Devices chosen by and reserved exclusively for
customer
• Also known as Testdroid Cloud
• On-demand devices (multi-tenant)
• Mobile App testing on over 1000+ real Android and
iOS devices hosted by Bitbar
Private Cloud
PRODUCT
UPDATE:
XCTest & XCUITest
Support Available On-Premise
XCTest/XCUITest Supported

• Integral framework in Xcode
• Not a new framework: Xcode 5
introduced the first version of XCTest
• Incrementally new
capabilities/features:
o Xcode 6 – performance measurement
o Xcode 7 – UI testing (XCUITest)
• Works with both Swift and Objective-C
XCTest &
XCUITest
What isXCTest/XCUITest?

• Easy to learn, no additional installations or
components required (to Xcode)
• Native iOS language support
• Xcode Test Recorder (for XCUITest)
• Integration with Xcode Server (continuous
integration) and Bots
• Faster than many other popular functional
(and cross-platform) test frameworks
• Works with both Swift and Objective-C
XCTest
Pros of XCTest

• No cross-platform support
• Limited programming language
support
• Selectors may seem complex
• Requires (always) a separate
test target
• Signing can be ‘tricky’
• Sometimes… well, flaky
XCTest
Cons of XCTest

The Status of iOS Test Automation Frameworks

• If you running a test script
built for prior Xcode
versions, all uia_* calls will
raise an error with the latest
Xcode
• When upgrading to Xcode 8
all your existing
UIAutomation scripts will fail
Deprecated
UI Automation
MigratingUIA-> XCTest?

The Basics of
XCTest & XCUITest
and
How to Get Started
New Ebook Available!
Download This Guide

• A test method is an instance
method of a test class that
begins with prefix “test”
• Tests are simply classes and
methods and e.g. @property
and helper methods can be
added to the class
XCTest &
XCUITest
Getting Started
-(void)testExample {
XCTAssert(...);
XCTAssertTrue(...);
XCTAssertFalse(...);
}

• Tests are grouped into
classes that are subclass
from XCTestCase
XCTest &
XCUITest
WritingTest Methods
class DemoTest: XCTestCase {
- (void)testExample {
// This is an example of a functional test case.
// Use XCTAssert and related functions
}
- (void)testPerformanceExample {
// This is an example of a performance test case.
[self measureBlock:^{
// Put the code you want to measure the time of here.
}];
}
}

XCTest &
XCUITest
XCTestCase Example - Swift
import UIKit
import XCTest
@testable import LocalizationDemo
class LocalizationDemoTests: XCTestCase {
override func setUp() {
super.setUp()
}
override func tearDown() {
super.tearDown()
}
func testMyModel() {
// Example of a functional test case.
var model = MyModel(name: "first", surname: "last");
XCTAssertEqual(model.a, "first");
XCTAssertNotEqual(model.b, "first");
}
func testIfLocalizationWorks() {
// This is an example of a functional test case.
XCTAssert(true, "Pass")
}
}

• A performance test takes a block of code
(that is measured) and runs it ten times,
collecting the average execution time and
the standard deviation for the runs
XCTest &
XCUITest
WritingPerformance Tests
- (void) testAdditionPerformance {
[self measureBlock:^{
// set the initial state
[calcViewController press:[calcView viewWithTag: 6]];
// iterate for 100000 cycles of adding 2
for (int i=0; i<100000; i++) {
[calcViewController press:[calcView
viewWithTag:13]];
[calcViewController press:[calcView viewWithTag:
2]];
[calcViewController press:[calcView
viewWithTag:12]];
}
}];
}

XCUIApplication
• The XCUIApplication is basically a
proxy for an app that can be launched
and terminated
• User can tell the application to run in
testing mode by defining app as a
“Target Application” in Xcode target
settings
Code Syntax (XCUITest)
// Objective-C
XCUIApplication *app = [[XCUIApplication alloc] init];
// Swift
let app = XCUIApplication()

XCUIElement
• XCUIElement is the
actual UI element in
an iOS application
• XCUIElement
provides all the basics
symbols and
functions for UI
element interactions
• Gestures with XCTest
include clicking UI
elements (normal,
double, pressing),
interacting with the
screen (swipe, pinch,
zoom, rotate etc.)
// Click-based functions
tap()
doubleTap()
twoFingerTap()
tap(withNumberOfTaps: UInt, numberOfTouches: UInt)
press(forDuration: TimeInterval)
press(forDuration: TimeInterval, thenDragTo: XCUIElement)
// Generic UI interactions
swipeLeft()
swipeRight()
swipeUp()
swipeDown()
pinch(withScale: CGFloat, velocity: CGFloat)
rotate(CGFloat, withVelocity: CGFloat)

XCUIElement
• XCUIElement is
constructed using
the actual user
interface elements
on the screen
• XCUIElement
inherits from
NSObject
• In order to perform
any interaction (tap
on this example) on
a UI element the UI
interactions are
available for use.
XCUIApplication *app = [[XCUIApplication alloc] init];
XCUIElement *masterNavigationBar =
app.navigationBars[@"Master"];
XCUIElement *editButton =
masterNavigationBar.buttons[@"Edit"];
// Objective-C
[masterNavigationBar.staticTexts[@"Master"] tap];
[editButton tap];

• Two ways to create IPA for
test automation
1. Working with Xcode
2. Working from Command Line
• Test package can be built as
APP file and zipped for
cloud execution
Preparing IPA and
Test Package for
Simultaneous
Device Runs
Methods to Create IPAand Test Package for
Simultaneous Tests

• By archiving any build package will
be compatible with an iOS device
• When your build is done and
archiving has finished, select the
build from Archive list and click
“Export…”
Working on
Xcode to Create
IPA for Testing
1. Archive Your Build

• When the following window is
shown, simply select “Save for Ad
Hoc Deployment” and click Next.
Working on
Xcode to Create
IPA for Testing
2. Select The Right Method

• Use the same identify what you use in
build settings for code signing.
• If your project and Xcode is properly
configured you should see the following
type of dialog proposing the first usable
identifier:
Working on
Xcode to Create
IPA for Testing
3. Identify Yourself(andYourBuild)

• It’s almost always recommended to include
all possible device support for your app.
• If you want to reduce the size of your IPA
you can shrink it by selecting to support only
certain devices and OS versions
Working on
Xcode to Create
IPA for Testing
4. Select OS and Devices

• This can be done Product -> Build
for -> Testing menu:
Working on
Command Line to
Create IPA for
Testing
1. Select toBuildfor Testing

• Next, select your project in Project
Navigator and right click to “Show it in
Finder”:
Working on
Command Line to
Create IPA for
Testing
2. Locate App Fileon HD

• After Finder dialog has been opened
and files are shown, just highlight the
.app file and right-click to see copying
option, as follows:
Working on
Command Line to
Create IPA for
Testing
3. Copy App FileProperly

• After Finder dialog has been opened
and files are shown, just highlight the
.app file and right-click to see copying
option, as follows:
Working on
Command Line to
Create IPA for
Testing
4. Create IPA from CMD
$ mkdir /tmp/Payload
$ cd /tmp/Payload
$ cp -r /User/Path/Debug-iphoneos/LocalizationDemo.app .
$ cd ..
$ zip --symlinks -qr "LocalizationDemo.ipa" Payload
$ ls -lrt LocalizationDemo.ipa
-rw-r--r-- 1 username staff 0 Dec 16 12:42 LocalizationDemo.ipa

• If building for iPhone 5 or iPhone 5C (with
ARMv7 32-bit processor) devices, additional
step is needed before creating the build.
• Starting from Xcode 7, armv7s is no more part
of the default $(ARCHS_STANDARD) and so
should be added as a target build architecture
Creating an IPA
for iOS App
Testing
Good To Know!

Quick
XCTest/XCUITest
Comparison
Ebooks Available for…
XCTest/
XCUITest
Calabash Appium

Top 3 iOS Test Automation Frameworks
XCTEST/XCUITEST APPIUM CALABASH
CROSS-PLATFORM No Yes Yes
IOS Yes Yes Yes
MOBILE WEB Yes Yes No
LANGUAGE Obj-C/Swift Almost any Ruby
TOOL FOR TEST
CREATION
Xcode Appium.app CLI
(Human-Readable syntax)
COMMUNITY Apple Community Community

Summary– Q&A
Moreinformationaboutmobileapptesting,
mobilemonitoringandmobiledevopsat
bitbar.com

Getting Started with XCTest and XCUITest for iOS App Testing

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