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Why MariaDB?
       Colin Charles, Monty Program Ab
          colin@montyprogram.com
http://montyprogram.com / http://mariadb.org/
http://bytebot.net/blog / @bytebot on Twitter
          Percona Live London 2011
               25 October 2011
Aims


• Give you an update of what we’ve done
  with MariaDB
• Discuss the broader MySQL ecosystem
What is it?

• A branch of MySQL with more features?
• A branch of MySQL with better features?
• A fork?
MariaDB is...

• Community Developed
• Feature Enhanced
• Backward Compatible

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Who’s behind it?

• MySQL (database) owned by MySQL AB
  (company)
• Monty Program is just a sponsor of
  MariaDB
• maria-captains: 64% Monty Program, 36%
  community (+16% MP 3Q/2011)
When did this begin?

• Sun buys MySQL AB in January 2008
• Oracle proposes acquisition of Sun
  Microsystems in April 2009
• Widenius decides that beyond the engine
  (Febuary 2009), focus on MariaDB, a
  complete database solution
Why MariaDB?


• MySQL - an open source product or
  project?
• MariaDB is an open source project
Aims of MariaDB

• 100% compatible, drop-in replacement to
  MySQL
• Stable (bug-free) releases
• GPLv2

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Compatibility with
         MySQL
•   There is no NDB cluster        •   Tools are similar (some
    storage engine                     additional tools for Aria,
                                       PBXT)
•   Client libraries, client-
    server protocol, SQL           •   XtraDB enabled by default;
    dialect, replication master-       InnoDB and InnoDB plugin
    slave all similar                  are included, but not
                                       enabled by default
•   Data files are supported as
    long as its similar between    •   http://kb.askmonty.org/v/
    versions                           mariadb-versus-mysql-
                                       compatibility
What’s in MariaDB 5.1
•   Released February 2010    •   Croatian collations

•   Create external           •   Numerous bug fixes
    buildsystem using
    Buildbot + VMs for test   •   Test cases and coverage
    +builds                       improvements

•   Release filled with        •   Removal of mutexes
    storage engines
                              •   Compiler warnings gone!
    •   XtraDB, PBXT,
        FederatedX, (M)Aria
What’s in MariaDB 5.1
•   XtraDB                   •   http://
    (ENGINE=InnoDB)              www.percona.com/docs/
                                 wiki/percona-
    •   enhanced InnoDB          xtradb:start
        designed to better
        scale on modern
        hardware; backward
        compatible, scale
        better on many
        cores, use memory
        more efficiently
What’s in MariaDB 5.1
•   PrimeBase PBXT                 •   Rollback transactions,
                                       recovery after restart
    •   Transactional, foreign         very fast (identifies
                                       garbage making undo
        keys, ACID, MVCC (read
        w/o locking)                   unnecessary)

    •   Row-level locking during   •   Write once w/log-based
        (SELECT FOR) UPDATE            storage; write data to
                                       DB, without first writing
                                       in transaction log

                                   •   http://kb.askmonty.org/v/
                                       about-pbxt

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What’s in MariaDB 5.1
•   Extended statistics for slow   •   PROCESSLIST with
    query log                          microsecond precision

    •   based on microslow             •   TIME_MS in
        from Percona http://               INFORMATION_SCH
        kb.askmonty.org/v/                 EMA.PROCESSLIST
        slow-query-log-                    http://kb.askmonty.org/
        extended-statistics                v/time_ms-column-in-
                                           information_schemapr
                                           ocesslist
What’s in MariaDB 5.1
•   Table elimination             •   Pool of threads (MySQL 6
                                      backport)
    •   Query highly
        normalised data, it is        •   Use a limited set of
        sometimes possible to             threads to handle all
        resolve a query                   queries vs one-thread-
        without accessing some            per-connection. Win if
        tables the query refers           most queries are short
        to e.g. http://                   running, and there are
        kb.askmonty.org/v/                few table/row locks.
        what-is-table-                    http://kb.askmonty.org/
        elimination                       v/pool-of-threads
What’s in MariaDB 5.2
•   Released November 2010                       •    Use socket_peercred - if already
                                                      logged in via Unix credentials,
•   MariaDB 5.2.8 (MariaDB 5.1.55 -                   MariaDB will trust it
    changes up to MySQL 5.1.55)
                                                 •    http://kb.askmonty.org/v/
•   Pluggable authentication                          development-pluggable-
                                                      authentication
    •   authentication of users handled by
        plugins                              •   User Statistics (userstatsv2)

    •   mysql_native_password (20 byte)          •    Percona, Google, Weldon Whipple.
        and mysql_old_password (8 byte)               Understand server activity better,
        included by default                           identify database loads http://
                                                      kb.askmonty.org/v/user-statistics
    •   CREATE USER foo IDENTIFIED VIA
        mysql_native_password USING              •    Client, user, index, table statistics
        ‘pass’; == CREATE user foo
        IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD
        ‘pass’;
What’s in MariaDB 5.2
•   Segmented MyISAM
    keycache

    •   mitigates thread
        contention for key
        cache lock, with
        notable 250%
        performance
        improvements
        http://
        kb.askmonty.org/
        v/segmented-key-
        cache

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MariaDB 5.2: SphinxSE
•   CREATE TABLE t1 (..)         •   monitor it - SHOW
    ENGINE=SPHINX                    ENGINE SPHINX
    CONNECTION=”sphin                STATUS;
    x://localhost:9312/test”;
                                 •   can JOIN a SphinxSE
•   SELECT * from t1                 search table and tables
    WHERE query=‘test                using other engines as
    it;mode=any’;                    well

    •   matching modes,          •   https://kb.askmonty.org/
        limits, filters, ranges       v/about-sphinxse
        supported
MariaDB 5.3: NoSQL
•   HandlerSocket            •   Dynamic columns

    •   direct access to         •   different set of
        InnoDB/XtraDB                “virtual columns” for
                                     each row in your
    •   no SQL, simple               table
        CRUD operations on
        tables                   •   store different
                                     attributes for each
                                     item (see: e-
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             commit
•   Group commit for the binary log        •   https://www.facebook.com/note.php?
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         innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1   •   http://kb.askmonty.org/en/group-commit-
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MariaDB 5.3:
                replication
•   Checksums for binlog             •   mysqldump --single-
    events (5.6 backport)                transaction --master-
                                         data => non-blocking
•   START TRANSACTION                    backup! (new slave
                                         provisioning?) Works
    WITH CONSISTENT
    SNAPSHOT works w/                    w/XtraDB+PBXT
    binlog
                                 •   row-based replication
    •   obtain binlog pos. w/o       for tables w/no primary
                                     key
        blocking other
        queries
MariaDB 5.3
•   Progress reporting for     •   disk access: Index
    ALTER TABLE/LOAD               Condition Pushdown
    DATA INFILE                    (ICP), Multi-Range
                                   Read (MRR)

                               •   join: Classic Hash
    •   mytop included             Join, Batched Key
                                   Access (ordered
•   Optimiser changes              retrievals via MRR),
                                   and many many more
    •   @@optimizer_switc          optimizations
        h flags (default=off)
MariaDB 5.3:
        Subqueries finally!
  •   DBT-3, 60M line item   •   optimizer_switch=‘semij
      rows, 29GB XtraDB          oin=on’ /
      database                   materialization=on




Instant EXPLAIN too!
MariaDB 5.3: User
       Feedback Plugin
•   New “phone home”
    plugin (works with
    Percona server, MySQL)

•   disabled by default --
    please consider enabling
    it (feedback=on)

•   http://mariadb.org/
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How open is MariaDB?
•   Mailing lists: Launchpad        •   http://launchpad.net/
                                        maria
    •   maria-
        developers@lists.laun   •   Bugs database:
        chpad.net
                                    •   https://
    •   maria-                          bugs.launchpad.net/
        discuss@lists.launchp           maria/
        ad.net
                                •   #maria on FreeNode
•   Code hosting:                   IRC
    Launchpad
Worklog
•   Funding (bounties)

•   Votes

•   http://askmonty.org/
    worklog/
Knowledgebase
• http://kb.askmonty.org/
Deployments,
   deployments, deployments
    happy users: pap.fr, wabtec, Paybox Services, OLX,
                         Jelastic, etc.                   “We made the switch on Saturday --
                                                         and we’re seeing benefits already -- our
“MariaDB had these same bugs that we ran into             daily optimization time is down from
with MySQL. However the big difference was that           24 minutes to just 4 minutes” -- Ali
when we reported these bugs, they were quickly              Watters, CEO, travelblog.org
resolved within 48 hours!” -- Dreas van Donselaar,
Chief Technology Officer, SpamExperts
B.V. after migrating over 300 servers from MySQL
5.0 to MariaDB 5.1.           “Migrating from MySQL 5.1 to MariaDB 5.2 was as
                              simple as removing MySQL RPMs and installing
                              the MariaDB packages, then running
                              mysql_upgrade.” - Panayot Belchev, proprietor,
                              Host Bulgaria on providing
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Getting MariaDB

•   http://mariadb.org/ is the site + downloads

•   Get it via OpenSUSE build service

•   Its in Gentoo, FreeBSD, Homebrew

•   http://kb.askmonty.org/v/distributions-which-include-
    mariadb
The future?

• GIS
• Merging takes time
• Features (different implementations) make
  it into upstream
We have a book
Support
• Monty Program does NRE/engineering
  work for MySQL/MariaDB (not L1/L2
  support)
• Support via capable service providers
 • http://mariadb.org/service-providers/
 • Percona, FromDual, Open Query,
    SoftMethod GmbH, SkySQL

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Q&A?
       email: colin@montyprogram.com
http://montyprogram.com/ | http://mariadb.org/
twitter: @bytebot / url: http://bytebot.net/blog/

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Why MariaDB?

  • 1. Why MariaDB? Colin Charles, Monty Program Ab colin@montyprogram.com http://montyprogram.com / http://mariadb.org/ http://bytebot.net/blog / @bytebot on Twitter Percona Live London 2011 25 October 2011
  • 2. Aims • Give you an update of what we’ve done with MariaDB • Discuss the broader MySQL ecosystem
  • 3. What is it? • A branch of MySQL with more features? • A branch of MySQL with better features? • A fork?
  • 4. MariaDB is... • Community Developed • Feature Enhanced • Backward Compatible
  • 5. Who’s behind it? • MySQL (database) owned by MySQL AB (company) • Monty Program is just a sponsor of MariaDB • maria-captains: 64% Monty Program, 36% community (+16% MP 3Q/2011)
  • 6. When did this begin? • Sun buys MySQL AB in January 2008 • Oracle proposes acquisition of Sun Microsystems in April 2009 • Widenius decides that beyond the engine (Febuary 2009), focus on MariaDB, a complete database solution
  • 7. Why MariaDB? • MySQL - an open source product or project? • MariaDB is an open source project
  • 8. Aims of MariaDB • 100% compatible, drop-in replacement to MySQL • Stable (bug-free) releases • GPLv2
  • 9. Compatibility with MySQL • There is no NDB cluster • Tools are similar (some storage engine additional tools for Aria, PBXT) • Client libraries, client- server protocol, SQL • XtraDB enabled by default; dialect, replication master- InnoDB and InnoDB plugin slave all similar are included, but not enabled by default • Data files are supported as long as its similar between • http://kb.askmonty.org/v/ versions mariadb-versus-mysql- compatibility
  • 10. What’s in MariaDB 5.1 • Released February 2010 • Croatian collations • Create external • Numerous bug fixes buildsystem using Buildbot + VMs for test • Test cases and coverage +builds improvements • Release filled with • Removal of mutexes storage engines • Compiler warnings gone! • XtraDB, PBXT, FederatedX, (M)Aria
  • 11. What’s in MariaDB 5.1 • XtraDB • http:// (ENGINE=InnoDB) www.percona.com/docs/ wiki/percona- • enhanced InnoDB xtradb:start designed to better scale on modern hardware; backward compatible, scale better on many cores, use memory more efficiently
  • 12. What’s in MariaDB 5.1 • PrimeBase PBXT • Rollback transactions, recovery after restart • Transactional, foreign very fast (identifies garbage making undo keys, ACID, MVCC (read w/o locking) unnecessary) • Row-level locking during • Write once w/log-based (SELECT FOR) UPDATE storage; write data to DB, without first writing in transaction log • http://kb.askmonty.org/v/ about-pbxt
  • 13. What’s in MariaDB 5.1 • Extended statistics for slow • PROCESSLIST with query log microsecond precision • based on microslow • TIME_MS in from Percona http:// INFORMATION_SCH kb.askmonty.org/v/ EMA.PROCESSLIST slow-query-log- http://kb.askmonty.org/ extended-statistics v/time_ms-column-in- information_schemapr ocesslist
  • 14. What’s in MariaDB 5.1 • Table elimination • Pool of threads (MySQL 6 backport) • Query highly normalised data, it is • Use a limited set of sometimes possible to threads to handle all resolve a query queries vs one-thread- without accessing some per-connection. Win if tables the query refers most queries are short to e.g. http:// running, and there are kb.askmonty.org/v/ few table/row locks. what-is-table- http://kb.askmonty.org/ elimination v/pool-of-threads
  • 15. What’s in MariaDB 5.2 • Released November 2010 • Use socket_peercred - if already logged in via Unix credentials, • MariaDB 5.2.8 (MariaDB 5.1.55 - MariaDB will trust it changes up to MySQL 5.1.55) • http://kb.askmonty.org/v/ • Pluggable authentication development-pluggable- authentication • authentication of users handled by plugins • User Statistics (userstatsv2) • mysql_native_password (20 byte) • Percona, Google, Weldon Whipple. and mysql_old_password (8 byte) Understand server activity better, included by default identify database loads http:// kb.askmonty.org/v/user-statistics • CREATE USER foo IDENTIFIED VIA mysql_native_password USING • Client, user, index, table statistics ‘pass’; == CREATE user foo IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘pass’;
  • 16. What’s in MariaDB 5.2 • Segmented MyISAM keycache • mitigates thread contention for key cache lock, with notable 250% performance improvements http:// kb.askmonty.org/ v/segmented-key- cache
  • 17. MariaDB 5.2: SphinxSE • CREATE TABLE t1 (..) • monitor it - SHOW ENGINE=SPHINX ENGINE SPHINX CONNECTION=”sphin STATUS; x://localhost:9312/test”; • can JOIN a SphinxSE • SELECT * from t1 search table and tables WHERE query=‘test using other engines as it;mode=any’; well • matching modes, • https://kb.askmonty.org/ limits, filters, ranges v/about-sphinxse supported
  • 18. MariaDB 5.3: NoSQL • HandlerSocket • Dynamic columns • direct access to • different set of InnoDB/XtraDB “virtual columns” for each row in your • no SQL, simple table CRUD operations on tables • store different attributes for each item (see: e- commerce shops)
  • 20. MariaDB 5.3: group commit • Group commit for the binary log • https://www.facebook.com/note.php? note_id=10150261692455933 • sync_binlog=1, innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 • http://kb.askmonty.org/en/group-commit- for-the-binary-log
  • 21. MariaDB 5.3: replication • Checksums for binlog • mysqldump --single- events (5.6 backport) transaction --master- data => non-blocking • START TRANSACTION backup! (new slave provisioning?) Works WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT works w/ w/XtraDB+PBXT binlog • row-based replication • obtain binlog pos. w/o for tables w/no primary key blocking other queries
  • 22. MariaDB 5.3 • Progress reporting for • disk access: Index ALTER TABLE/LOAD Condition Pushdown DATA INFILE (ICP), Multi-Range Read (MRR) • join: Classic Hash • mytop included Join, Batched Key Access (ordered • Optimiser changes retrievals via MRR), and many many more • @@optimizer_switc optimizations h flags (default=off)
  • 23. MariaDB 5.3: Subqueries finally! • DBT-3, 60M line item • optimizer_switch=‘semij rows, 29GB XtraDB oin=on’ / database materialization=on Instant EXPLAIN too!
  • 24. MariaDB 5.3: User Feedback Plugin • New “phone home” plugin (works with Percona server, MySQL) • disabled by default -- please consider enabling it (feedback=on) • http://mariadb.org/ feedback_plugin/
  • 25. How open is MariaDB? • Mailing lists: Launchpad • http://launchpad.net/ maria • maria- developers@lists.laun • Bugs database: chpad.net • https:// • maria- bugs.launchpad.net/ discuss@lists.launchp maria/ ad.net • #maria on FreeNode • Code hosting: IRC Launchpad
  • 26. Worklog • Funding (bounties) • Votes • http://askmonty.org/ worklog/
  • 28. Deployments, deployments, deployments happy users: pap.fr, wabtec, Paybox Services, OLX, Jelastic, etc. “We made the switch on Saturday -- and we’re seeing benefits already -- our “MariaDB had these same bugs that we ran into daily optimization time is down from with MySQL. However the big difference was that 24 minutes to just 4 minutes” -- Ali when we reported these bugs, they were quickly Watters, CEO, travelblog.org resolved within 48 hours!” -- Dreas van Donselaar, Chief Technology Officer, SpamExperts B.V. after migrating over 300 servers from MySQL 5.0 to MariaDB 5.1. “Migrating from MySQL 5.1 to MariaDB 5.2 was as simple as removing MySQL RPMs and installing the MariaDB packages, then running mysql_upgrade.” - Panayot Belchev, proprietor, Host Bulgaria on providing MariaDB to over 7,000 of their web hosting customers.
  • 29. Getting MariaDB • http://mariadb.org/ is the site + downloads • Get it via OpenSUSE build service • Its in Gentoo, FreeBSD, Homebrew • http://kb.askmonty.org/v/distributions-which-include- mariadb
  • 30. The future? • GIS • Merging takes time • Features (different implementations) make it into upstream
  • 31. We have a book
  • 32. Support • Monty Program does NRE/engineering work for MySQL/MariaDB (not L1/L2 support) • Support via capable service providers • http://mariadb.org/service-providers/ • Percona, FromDual, Open Query, SoftMethod GmbH, SkySQL
  • 33. Q&A? email: colin@montyprogram.com http://montyprogram.com/ | http://mariadb.org/ twitter: @bytebot / url: http://bytebot.net/blog/