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The Proxy Wars: MySQL Router, ProxySQL,
MariaDB MaxScale
Colin Charles, Chief Evangelist, Percona Inc.

colin.charles@percona.com / byte@bytebot.net 

http://bytebot.net/blog/ | @bytebot on Twitter

FOSDEM, Brussels, Belgium

4 February 2017
whoami
• Chief Evangelist (in the CTO office), Percona Inc

• Focusing on the MySQL ecosystem (MySQL, Percona Server, MariaDB
Server), as well as the MongoDB ecosystem (Percona Server for
MongoDB) + 100% open source tools from Percona like Percona
Monitoring & Management, Percona xtrabackup, Percona Toolkit, etc.

• Founding team of MariaDB Server (2009-2016), previously at Monty
Program Ab, merged with SkySQL Ab, now MariaDB Corporation

• Formerly MySQL AB (exit: Sun Microsystems)

• Past lives include Fedora Project (FESCO), OpenOffice.org

• MySQL Community Contributor of the Year Award winner 2014
What is a proxy?
• Lightweight application between the
MySQL clients and the server

• Man-in-the-middle between client/server

• Communicate with one or more clients/
servers
Image via Giuseppe Maxia

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MySQL Proxy - ten years ago!
• The first proxy, which had an embedded
Lua interpreter

• It is used in MySQL Enterprise Monitor

• Lua was flexible to allow you to rewrite
queries, add statements, filter, etc.

• 2007-2014
MariaDB MaxScale 1.0…1.4.x
• GA January 2015

• The “Swiss Army Knife” - pluggable router with an
extensible architecture

• Logging, writing to other backends (besides MySQL),
firewall filter, routing via hints, query rewriting

• Binlog Server - popularised by booking.com to not have
intermediate masters

• Popular use case: sitting in front of a 3-node Galera Cluster
MariaDB MaxScale ecosystem
• First known plugin: Kafka backend written by
Yves Trudeau

• https://www.percona.com/blog/2015/06/08/maxscale-a-new-tool-to-solve-your-
mysql-scalability-problems/ 

• First known credible fork: AirBnB MaxScale 1.3

•connection pooling (not 1:1, multiplexed N:M,
N>M connections), requests throttling, denylist
query rejection, monitoring
MariaDB MaxScale 2.0
• Same Github repository, unlinked against
MySQL client libraries (replaced with
SQLite), CDC to Kafka, binlog events to
Avro/JSON

• License change from GPLv2 to Business
Source License (BSL)

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• GA October 2015

• Transparent routing between applications and any
backend MySQL servers

• Pluggable architecture via the MySQL Harness

• Failover, load balancing

• This is how you manage MySQL InnoDB Cluster with
mysqlsh - https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JWy7ZLXxtZ4
ProxySQL - GPLv3
• Stable December 2015

• ProxySQL - included with Percona
XtraDB Cluster 5.7, proxysql-
admin tool available for PXC
configurations

• Improve database operations,
understand and solve performance
issues, HA to DB topology

• Connection Pooling & Multiplexing

• Read/Write Split and Sharding

• Seamless failover (including query
rerouting), load balancing

• Query caching

• Query rewriting

• Query blocking (database aware
firewall)

• Query mirroring (cache warming)

• Query throttling and timeouts

• Runtime reconfigurable 

• Monitoring built-in
Comparison
• http://www.proxysql.com/compare

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ProxySQL missing features from MariaDB
MaxScale
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proxy -> application) - issue#891

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• Streaming binlogs to Kafka

• use Maxwell’s Daemon: http://maxwells-
daemon.io/ 

• Binlogs to Avro
ProxySQL Resources
• Marco Tusa: https://tusacentral.net/joomla/
index.php/mysql-blogs 

• SeveralNines: https://severalnines.com/blog?
keywords=%23proxysql 

• Pythian: https://www.pythian.com/blog/tag/proxysql/ 

• Percona: https://www.percona.com/blog/category/
proxysql/
Health of these projects
• MariaDB MaxScale: 141 watchers, 651
stars, 188 forks, 19 contributors

• MySQL Router: 24 watchers, 41 stars, 23
forks, 8 contributors

• ProxySQL: 84 watchers, 692 stars, 101
forks, 23 contributors
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Google Trends
What do you use?
• MySQL Router is clearly very interesting going
forward, especially with the advent of the MySQL
InnoDB Cluster

• ProxySQL is a great choice today, has wide use, also
has Percona Monitoring & Management (PMM)
integration

• MariaDB MaxScale pre-2.0 if you need a binlog router

• Server you’re using?
Resources
• ProxySQL: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/
proxysql 

• MariaDB MaxScale: https://groups.google.com/forum/
#!forum/maxscale 

• MySQL Router: https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?
146 

• Vitess: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/
vitess

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Thank you!
Colin Charles
colin.charles@percona.com / byte@bytebot.net
http://bytebot.net/blog | @bytebot on twitter
slides: slideshare.net/bytebot

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The Proxy Wars - MySQL Router, ProxySQL, MariaDB MaxScale

  • 1. The Proxy Wars: MySQL Router, ProxySQL, MariaDB MaxScale Colin Charles, Chief Evangelist, Percona Inc. colin.charles@percona.com / byte@bytebot.net http://bytebot.net/blog/ | @bytebot on Twitter FOSDEM, Brussels, Belgium 4 February 2017
  • 2. whoami • Chief Evangelist (in the CTO office), Percona Inc • Focusing on the MySQL ecosystem (MySQL, Percona Server, MariaDB Server), as well as the MongoDB ecosystem (Percona Server for MongoDB) + 100% open source tools from Percona like Percona Monitoring & Management, Percona xtrabackup, Percona Toolkit, etc. • Founding team of MariaDB Server (2009-2016), previously at Monty Program Ab, merged with SkySQL Ab, now MariaDB Corporation • Formerly MySQL AB (exit: Sun Microsystems) • Past lives include Fedora Project (FESCO), OpenOffice.org • MySQL Community Contributor of the Year Award winner 2014
  • 3. What is a proxy? • Lightweight application between the MySQL clients and the server • Man-in-the-middle between client/server • Communicate with one or more clients/ servers
  • 5. MySQL Proxy - ten years ago! • The first proxy, which had an embedded Lua interpreter • It is used in MySQL Enterprise Monitor • Lua was flexible to allow you to rewrite queries, add statements, filter, etc. • 2007-2014
  • 6. MariaDB MaxScale 1.0…1.4.x • GA January 2015 • The “Swiss Army Knife” - pluggable router with an extensible architecture • Logging, writing to other backends (besides MySQL), firewall filter, routing via hints, query rewriting • Binlog Server - popularised by booking.com to not have intermediate masters • Popular use case: sitting in front of a 3-node Galera Cluster
  • 7. MariaDB MaxScale ecosystem • First known plugin: Kafka backend written by Yves Trudeau • https://www.percona.com/blog/2015/06/08/maxscale-a-new-tool-to-solve-your- mysql-scalability-problems/ • First known credible fork: AirBnB MaxScale 1.3 •connection pooling (not 1:1, multiplexed N:M, N>M connections), requests throttling, denylist query rejection, monitoring
  • 8. MariaDB MaxScale 2.0 • Same Github repository, unlinked against MySQL client libraries (replaced with SQLite), CDC to Kafka, binlog events to Avro/JSON • License change from GPLv2 to Business Source License (BSL)
  • 10. MySQL Router - GPLv2 • GA October 2015 • Transparent routing between applications and any backend MySQL servers • Pluggable architecture via the MySQL Harness • Failover, load balancing • This is how you manage MySQL InnoDB Cluster with mysqlsh - https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=JWy7ZLXxtZ4
  • 11. ProxySQL - GPLv3 • Stable December 2015 • ProxySQL - included with Percona XtraDB Cluster 5.7, proxysql- admin tool available for PXC configurations • Improve database operations, understand and solve performance issues, HA to DB topology • Connection Pooling & Multiplexing • Read/Write Split and Sharding • Seamless failover (including query rerouting), load balancing • Query caching • Query rewriting • Query blocking (database aware firewall) • Query mirroring (cache warming) • Query throttling and timeouts • Runtime reconfigurable • Monitoring built-in
  • 13. ProxySQL missing features from MariaDB MaxScale • Front-end SSL encryption (client -> SSL -> proxy -> application) - issue#891 • Binlog router • Streaming binlogs to Kafka • use Maxwell’s Daemon: http://maxwells- daemon.io/ • Binlogs to Avro
  • 14. ProxySQL Resources • Marco Tusa: https://tusacentral.net/joomla/ index.php/mysql-blogs • SeveralNines: https://severalnines.com/blog? keywords=%23proxysql • Pythian: https://www.pythian.com/blog/tag/proxysql/ • Percona: https://www.percona.com/blog/category/ proxysql/
  • 15. Health of these projects • MariaDB MaxScale: 141 watchers, 651 stars, 188 forks, 19 contributors • MySQL Router: 24 watchers, 41 stars, 23 forks, 8 contributors • ProxySQL: 84 watchers, 692 stars, 101 forks, 23 contributors
  • 19. What do you use? • MySQL Router is clearly very interesting going forward, especially with the advent of the MySQL InnoDB Cluster • ProxySQL is a great choice today, has wide use, also has Percona Monitoring & Management (PMM) integration • MariaDB MaxScale pre-2.0 if you need a binlog router • Server you’re using?
  • 20. Resources • ProxySQL: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ proxysql • MariaDB MaxScale: https://groups.google.com/forum/ #!forum/maxscale • MySQL Router: https://forums.mysql.com/list.php? 146 • Vitess: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ vitess
  • 21. Thank you! Colin Charles colin.charles@percona.com / byte@bytebot.net http://bytebot.net/blog | @bytebot on twitter slides: slideshare.net/bytebot