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PAGE 1Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reservedCopyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Release H2.0.3
OpenStack
Architecture
Polina Petriuk
Sr. Technical Trainer
Mirantis Inc.
PAGE 2Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
OpenStack Architecture
Provision a VM Request Flow
PAGE 3Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
VM Provisioning
• Is the most common and complex process in
OpenStack
• Involves interaction of most of OpenStack
components
PAGE 4Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Initial State
Assumes Project is created,
provisioning quota is available, user
has an access to Horizon/CLI
Cloud Operator, DevOp, etc.
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent

Recommended for you

Webinar "Introduction to OpenStack"
Webinar "Introduction to OpenStack"Webinar "Introduction to OpenStack"
Webinar "Introduction to OpenStack"

This webinar gives a brief introduction to the OpenStack cloud, covering the topics: - the OpenStack cloud platform, - the Open Source community, - OpenStack architecture and its main elements, - overview of the compute, networking, block-storage e object-storage services. If you want to know more about OpenStack, visit our website http://www.create-net.org/community/openstack-training.

cloud computingcoud architectureobject storage
OpenStack Neutron Tutorial
OpenStack Neutron TutorialOpenStack Neutron Tutorial
OpenStack Neutron Tutorial

This was a tutorial which Mark McClain and I led at ONUG, Spring 2015. It was well received and serves as a walk through of OpenStack Neutron and it's features and usage.

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CNCF Meetup - OpenShift Overview
CNCF Meetup - OpenShift OverviewCNCF Meetup - OpenShift Overview
CNCF Meetup - OpenShift Overview

Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 Overview Different Application Deployment methodologies on OpenShift though Web-console

open sourceopenshiftkubernetes
PAGE 5Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 1: Request Provisioning
– From UI
• Login to Horizon
• Specify parameters of VM
• VM Name
• Image (OS type)
• Flavor (specifies CPU, Memory, Disk)
• Network (required for Neutron)
• Optional (SSH Keys, Persistent volumes, comments, etc.)
• Select "Create" button
PAGE 6Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
The OpenStack Dashboard
(Horizon)
Horizon provides a
baseline user interface
for managing OpenStack services.
PAGE 7Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Horizon
• Is “stateless” — doesn’t require a database
• Delegates error handling to the back-end
• Doesn’t support all the API functions
• Can use memcached or database to store
sessions
• Gets updated via API polling
PAGE 8Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 1: Request VM
Provisioning via UI/CLI
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Cloud Operator, DevOp, etc.
User logs in to UI
Specifies VM params: name,
flavor, keys, etc. and hits
"Create" button

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OpenShift-Technical-Overview.pdf
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OpenShift-Technical-Overview.pdf

This document provides an overview of OpenShift Container Platform. It describes OpenShift's architecture including containers, pods, services, routes and the master control plane. It also covers key OpenShift features like self-service administration, automation, security, logging, monitoring, networking and integration with external services.

Kubernetes: A Short Introduction (2019)
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Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It groups containers that make up an application into logical units for easy management and discovery called pods. Kubernetes can manage pods across a cluster of machines, providing scheduling, deployment, scaling, load balancing, volume mounting and networking. It is widely used by companies like Google, CERN and in large projects like processing images and analyzing particle interactions. Kubernetes is portable, can span multiple cloud providers, and continues growing to support new workloads and use cases.

Room 1 - 7 - Lê Quốc Đạt - Upgrading network of Openstack to SDN with Tungste...
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This document discusses upgrading an Openstack network to SDN with Tungsten Fabric. It evaluates three solutions: 1) using the same database across regions, 2) hot-swapping Open vSwitch and virtual routers, and 3) using an ML2 plugin. The recommended solution is #3 as it provides minimum downtime. Key steps include installing the OpenContrail driver, synchronizing network resources between Openstack and Tungsten, and live migrating VMs. Topology 2 is also recommended as it requires minimum changes. The upgrade migrated 80 VMs and 16 compute nodes to the SDN network without downtime. Issues discussed include synchronizing resources and migrating VMs between Open vSwitch and virtual routers.

PAGE 9Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 1: Request Provisioning
– Under the Hood
• Form parameters are converted to POST data
• "Create" request initiates HTTP POST request
to back-end
• To Keystone if auth token is not cached – step 2
PAGE 10Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
The OpenStack Identity
Service (Keystone)
Keystone provides
Identity, Token, Catalog and
Policy services
for use specifically by projects
in the OpenStack family.
PAGE 11Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Keystone:
Identity Management
• User
• Credentials
• Token
• Associated with a user, an arbitrary bit of text that is used to access
resources
• Group of users
• Project
• Synonym to tenant
• Role
• Assigned to sers or groups for projects
• Domain
• Higher level of hierarchy – users and projects belong to domains
PAGE 12Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Keystone:
Service Catalog
• Service
• An OpenStack service, such as Compute (Nova), Object Storage
(Swift), or Image Service (Glance).
• Endpoint
• A network-accessible address, usually described by URL, from where
you access an OpenStack service
• Rule
• A set of requirements for performing an action over the endpoint.

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[오픈소스컨설팅] Open Stack Ceph, Neutron, HA, Multi-Region
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OpenStack Ceph & Neutron에 대한 설명을 담고 있습니다. 1. OpenStack 2. How to create instance 3. Ceph - Ceph - OpenStack with Ceph 4. Neutron - Neutron - How neutron works 5. OpenStack HA - controller - l3 agent 6. OpenStack multi-region

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Kubernetes Basics
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This document provides an overview of Kubernetes including: 1) Kubernetes is an open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of containerized applications. It provides container-centric infrastructure and allows for quickly deploying and scaling applications. 2) The main components of Kubernetes include Pods (groups of containers), Services (abstract access to pods), ReplicationControllers (maintain pod replicas), and a master node running key components like etcd, API server, scheduler, and controller manager. 3) The document demonstrates getting started with Kubernetes by enabling the master on one node and a worker on another node, then deploying and exposing a sample nginx application across the cluster.

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An Introduction to OpenStack
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I gave this presentation on 5/17 to the New Mexico VMUG in Santa Fe. The presentation provides an overview of OpenStack, what it is (and isn't), and some things you might learn to get started with OpenStack.

openstackcloud
PAGE 13Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Keystone Architecture
OpenStack
Services
Catalog
Backend
Token
Backend
Policy
Backend
Assignments
Backend
Identity
Backend
Credentials
Backend
Rule management
interface and rule-
based authorization
Contains
temporary
tokens
Contains
endpoint registry
Contains users
and groups
Contains
credentials, e.g.
EC2 tokens
Contains domains,
projects, roles and
role assignments
Deploys with its own DB but
can also be substituted with
LDAP or other EASKeystone API
PAGE 14Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Keystone:Role Based Access
Control (RBAC)
1. User gets Token from Keystone.
2. Token includes the list of user Projects and Roles in
them.
3. User calls the Service specifying the Token.
4. Service interprets the Roles:
• Service consults its policy.json file.
• Policy.json specifies the list of available rules.
• "admin_required": [["role:admin"], ["is_admin:1"]],
• “owner" : [["project_id:%(project_id)s"]],
• "admin_or_owner": [["rule:admin_required"], ["rule:owner"]],
• Policy.json specifies which rules are enforced for operations and
resources.
• "volume:create": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
PAGE 15Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 2: Validate Auth Data
Horizon sends HTTP request to
Keystone. Auth info is specified
in HTTP headers.
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
PAGE 16Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 2: Validate Auth Data - Success
Keystone sends temporary token
back to Horizon via HTTP.
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent

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Issues of OpenStack multi-region mode
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This document discusses issues with running OpenStack in a multi-region mode and proposes Tricircle as a solution. It notes that in a multi-region OpenStack deployment, each region runs independently with separate instances of services like Nova, Cinder, Neutron, etc. Tricircle aims to integrate multiple OpenStack regions into a unified cloud by acting as a central API gateway and providing global views and replication of resources, tenants, and metering data across regions. It discusses how Tricircle could address issues around networking, quotas, resource utilization monitoring and more in a multi-region OpenStack deployment.

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변상욱 부장 / HPE

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infrastructure as code
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The document discusses infrastructure as code best practices on AWS. It provides an overview of using AWS CloudFormation to define infrastructure in code. AWS CloudFormation allows infrastructure to be provisioned in an automated and repeatable way using templates that are version controlled like code. The document outlines the key components of a CloudFormation template including parameters, mappings, resources, outputs and conditionals. It also discusses using CloudFormation to bootstrap applications on EC2 instances.

devopsaws cloudformationaws
PAGE 17Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 3: Send API Request to Nova API
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Horizon sends POST request to
Nova API (signed with given token).
PAGE 18Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
The OpenStack Compute API
(Nova API)
Nova API is a
RESTful API web service
which is used to interact with Nova.
PAGE 19Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova API
• Exposes REST API via HTTP
• Provides system for managing multiple APIs on
different sub-domains:
• EC2-compatible—starting to be deprecated
• Compute API—all innovation happens here
• Is the only "allowed" way to interact with Nova
• Is “stateless”
PAGE 20Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 4: Validate API Token
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Nova API sends HTTP request to
validate API token to Keystone.

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Openstack - An introduction/Installation - Presented at Dr Dobb's conference...
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Slide was presented at Dr. Dobb's Conference in Bangalore. Talks about Openstack Introduction in general Projects under Openstack. Contributing to Openstack. This was presented jointly by CB Ananth and Rahul at Dr. Dobb's Conference Bangalore on 12th Apr 2014.

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Rancher 2.0 Technical Deep Dive
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Rancher 2.0 Technical Deep Dive

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Open shift 4 infra deep dive
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The document provides an overview of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform, including: - OpenShift provides a fully automated Kubernetes container platform for any infrastructure. - It offers integrated services like monitoring, logging, routing, and a container registry out of the box. - The architecture runs everything in pods on worker nodes, with masters managing the control plane using Kubernetes APIs and OpenShift services. - Key concepts include pods, services, routes, projects, configs and secrets that enable application deployment and management.

openshiftredhatkubernetes
PAGE 21Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Auth Token Usage
Neutron
PAGE 22Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Keystone /w PKI - Token
Validation
• User gets one-time-password on creation
• User uses it to establish a key-pair
• Public key is signed and stored on Keystone
• From this point user uses client certificate to login
• Nova API performs offline check of the validity of token using CA&Cert it has from Keystone
Keystone
Key
generate_cms_token
(meta, keystone_key)user/pass/tenant
signed_cms_token
signed_cms_token
Nova
CA&Cert from
Keystone
verify(signed_cms_token,
Cafile,certfile)
PAGE 23Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 4: Validate API Token - Sucess
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Keystone validates API token and
sends HTTP response with token
acceptance/rejection info.
PAGE 24Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 5:
Process API Request
• Validate request parameters:
• Typographical errors are verified on code level
• Cloud-related parameters are validated via database
requests
• If the request cannot be processed:
• Throw an exception
• If the request can be processed:
• Save initial state to the database

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OpenStack 2016: Boom or Bust? - Adrian Ionel, CEO, Mirantis - OpenStackSV 2014
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OpenStack 2016: Boom or Bust? - Adrian Ionel | CEO, Mirantis OpenStack is on a tear. Or so it seems. Yet critics are quick to point out the run-away success of public clouds and the small number of OpenStack deployments running big workloads. And how do application developers feel about OpenStack anyway? The talk offers a different way to look at OpenStack, along with a few ideas how to increase the odds for a landslide win.

openstackopenstacksvmirantis
PAGE 25Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Database
Nova Database stores current
state of all objects in compute
cluster.
PAGE 26Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Database
• In theory, can be any relational database
• Most of the deployments are done with MySQL or
PostgreSQL
• Nova API talks to database via SQLAlchemy
(python ORM (Object Relational Mapper))
• Database HA should be done via external tools:
• Galera
• Multi-Master replication Model for MySQL (MMM)
PAGE 27Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 5: Process API Request
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Nova API parses request to
python object model and
validates it by fetching data from
Nova DB. If request is valid, it
saves initial db entry about VM to
the database.
PAGE 28Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 6:
Process API Request
• Validate request parameters
• Typographical errors are verified on code level.
• Cloud-related parameters are validated via database
requests.
• If request cannot be processed:
• Throw an exception.
• If request can be processed:
• Save initial state to the database.
• Send message with next actions to Message Queue
(MQ)

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Moving AWS workloads to OpenStack
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This document provides an overview of moving workloads from AWS to OpenStack. It discusses that the easiest approach is to design applications to be stateless and horizontally scalable so they can easily move between clouds. It also describes using orchestration tools like Heat, Cloudify and StackStorm to automate deploying applications across OpenStack and AWS. More complex migrations involve manually installing drivers and converting disk images, such as moving a Windows VM. Migrating Linux VMs involves listing packages, services and disk usage and recreating them in a new OpenStack instance. The document aims to help AWS users understand options for migrating applications to OpenStack.

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Mirantis OpenStack-DC-Meetup 17 Sept 2014
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Agenda: ------------------------------------------------------------------ OpenStack 101: a Quick introduction to OpenStack & how it operates Paul Roberts, Principal Solutions Architect at Mirantis Abstract: Are you new to OpenStack? Are you looking to get a quick introduction to OpenStack and how it operates - then our session is a do not miss event! Mirantis will do a walk thru of OpenStack for those with little to no experience with OpenStack. Join us if you want to understand the purpose of OpenStack and its ecosystem, as well as if you want to learn more about the OpenStack architecture. Bio: Paul Roberts, lead speaker, has spent the last decade engineering and implementing large scale infrastructure and security architectures for organizations of all sizes - ranging from startup to Fortune 500. In the past, he was instrumental in architecting Carpathia Hosting's federal and commercial cloud offerings, while also playing a key role in the on–boarding of customer's applications. Today, Paul is a Principal Solutions Architect at Mirantis helping customers navigate through the cloud ecosystem by designing and architecting various OpenStack powered initiatives.

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OpenStack Overview and History
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The document provides an overview of OpenStack, including its definition, history and initiatives. It describes OpenStack as an open source cloud computing platform that aims to be simple to implement and massively scalable. The overview outlines the core components of OpenStack including compute, networking, storage, identity management and a dashboard. It also discusses related programs in incubation and how the different components communicate and relate to each other.

openstackopenstack cloudcloud computing
PAGE 29Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Message Queue
Message Queue is a unified way for
collaboration between sub-
components.
PAGE 30Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Messaging Process Example
• OpenStack uses two modes:
• rpc.cast—don't wait for result (fire and forget)
• rpc.call—wait for result (when there is something to return)
Ex. Nova API Ex. Nova Scheduler
PAGE 31Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
OpenStack Messaging Notes
• Uses multiple queues within single RabbitMQ
instance.
• Used by services to build machine state
• Each compute node has a queue
• Message traffic is not intensive.
• Doesn't send broadcast messages.
• For example: monitoring uses API polling
• HA should be configured separately.
• For example: mirrored queues not handled by OpenStack
PAGE 32Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Step 6: Publish Provisioning Request
Nova API makes rpc.cast to
Scheduler. It publishes a
short message to scheduler
queue with VM info.
Request has been validated, but no
action has been taken yet, i.e. which
host, IP address, etc.

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The document discusses four ways for companies to create customer value: information excellence, solution leadership, collective intimacy, and accelerated innovation. It provides examples of companies that exemplify each approach, such as how Ford achieves information excellence through digital-physical fusion, and how Netflix fosters collective intimacy by engaging customers to improve recommendations. The document advocates that companies can accelerate innovation by utilizing cloud-based networks and challenges to crowdsource solutions from customers.

cloudopenstack silicon valleydigital disciplines
PAGE 33Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 7: Pick up Provisioning Request
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Scheduler picks up the
message from MQ.
PAGE 34Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler
Nova Scheduler is a daemon, which
determines, on which compute
host the request should run.
• Only provisioning time component—not like VMware’s Distributed Resource
Scheduler (DRS)
• Typically co-located with the Cloud Controller
PAGE 35Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Available
Schedulers
Scheduler Description Behavior
Chance Picks a host that is up Random
Filter
Picks the best-suited
host which satisfies
selected filter(s)
Custom Prioritisation
PAGE 36Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Filtering
Affinity, Anti-affinity,
etc.
Eliminate
inapplicable hosts

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PAGE 37Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Filters
• All Hosts
• AllHostsFilter
• All the available hosts, even non-active
• ComputeFilter
• All hosts that are operational and enabled
• Based on Host statically configured properties
• SimpleCIDRAffinityFilter
• Host within the specified IP range
• --hint build_near_host_ip=<1st IP in range> --hint cidr=<subnet
size>
• AvailabilityZoneFilter
• Hosts that are in the desired Availability Zone
• --availability-zone <availability-zone>
PAGE 38Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Filters
• Based on already running individual VMs
• SameHostFilter
• Same host as another instance in a set of instances
• --hint same_host=<VM ID>
• DifferentHostFilter
• Different host from a set of instances
• --hint different_host=<VM ID>
• Collocate/Distribute group of VMs
• GroupAffinityFilter
• Each instance in a group is on the same host
• --hint group=<group name>
• GroupAntiAffinityFilter
• Each instance in a group is on a different host
• --hint group=<group name>
PAGE 39Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Filters
• Based on flavor used (“nova-manage instance_type
list”)
• ComputeCapabilitiesFilter
• Hosts with properties that match flavor extra specs (“nova
hypervisor-show <host name>”)
• AggregateInstanceExtraSpecsFilter
• Hosts from host aggregates with properties that match flavor extra
specs ( “nova aggregate-details <aggregate ID>”)
• TrustedFilter
• Hosts with integrity obtained from the Attestation service (Intel TXT)
that matches flavor extra specs (“nova hypervisor-show <host
name>”)
• Based on Project (Tenant)
• AggregateMultiTenancyIsolation
• Hosts from host aggregates with filter_tenant_id property value
containing the Project (tenant) ID
PAGE 40Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Filters
• Based on Host resources left
• CoreFilter
• Hosts with sufficient CPU cores left, uses global
cpu_allocation_ratio setting to overcommit (16.0 by default)
• RamFilter
• Hosts with sufficient RAM left, uses global ram_allocation_ratio
setting to overcommit (1.5 by default)
• DiskFilter
• Hosts with sufficient disk space left for root and ephemeral storage,
uses global disk_allocation_ratio setting to overcommit (1.0 by
default)
• AggregateCoreFilter
• Same as CoreFilter but uses cpu_allocation_ratio set for Host
Aggregate
• AggregateRAMFilter
• Same as RAMFilter but uses ram_allocation_ratio set for Host
Aggregate

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PAGE 41Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Filters
• Based on Host load
• IoOpsFilter
• Hosts with less than max_io_ops_per_host concurrent I/O operations
(8 by default)
• NumInstancesFilter
• Hosts with less than max_instances_per_host instances (50 by
default)
• Based on image used
• ImagePropertiesFilter
• Hosts that can support the specified image properties: architecture,
hypervisor type and virtual machine mode (hypervisor ABI)
• IsolatedHostsFilter
• Specific set of images and a specific set of hosts (from nova.conf)
PAGE 42Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Filters
• Scheduling history
• RetryFilter
• Hosts that haven’t been attempted for scheduling purposes
• Custom
• JsonFilter
• Hosts that pass a custom filter constructed by passing a scheduler
hint in JSON format
• Supported operators: =, <, >, in, <=, >=, not, or, and
• Supported variables: $free_ram_mb, $free_disk_mb,
$total_usable_ram_mb, $vcpus_total, $vcpus_used
• --hint query='[">=","$free_ram_mb",1024]‘
• Inherit from nova.scheduler.driver.Scheduler
• Override schedule_prep_resize and schedule_run_instance
methods
PAGE 43Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Weighting
RAM, CPU, etc.
Integer values
PAGE 44Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Scheduler: Weights
• Weigher - host property of integer type
• Every weigher can have multiplier for it
• weight = sum(weigher_i * multiplier_i)
• The only currently available RamWeigher:
• Spread VMs across hosts evenly
• ram_weight_multiplier=1.0
• Stack VMs on the hosts (fill-up)
• ram_weight_multiplier=-1.0

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PAGE 45Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 8a: Schedule Provisioning
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Scheduler fetches
information about the
whole cluster from
database, filters, selects
compute node and
updates DB with its ID
PAGE 46Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 8b: Provision Scheduled
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Scheduler publishes
message to the compute
queue (based on host ID) to
trigger VM provisioning
PAGE 47Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Step 9a: Start VM Provisioning
Nova Compute gets
message from MQ
PAGE 48Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute
Nova Compute is a worker
daemon, which primarily creates
and terminates VMs via
Hypervisor API.

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PAGE 49Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute Drivers
Nova
Compute
XCP
VM
VM
VMWare
Power
VM
VM
VM
libvirt
KVM
VM
VM
Xen
VM
VM
Qemu
VM
VM
LXC
Cont
ainer
Cont
ainer
Allows multiple hypervisor types per
cloud. Libvirt / KVM is most
commonly used in deployment
Maintained
by Microsoft
Maintained
by IBM
Bare
Metal
Docker
Contain
er
Contain
er
XenAPI
Naitive support
comes in IcehousePXETilera
Somewhat
experimental
Maintained
by Citrix
HyperV
VM
VM
ESXi
VM
VM
vSphere
VM
VM
PAGE 50Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute Notes
• Functionality provided by drivers is not 100%
similar.
• Exact "run_instance" flow depends on the
driver implementation.
• Most features are developed and tested on
KVM.
PAGE 51Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute
• Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database –
step 9
• Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex)
to allocate networking information – step 10
• Queries Cinder to allocate volume information
(optional step for persistent data) – step 11
• Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12-
14
• Passes all information about VM (in a single message)
to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an
instance – step 15
PAGE 52Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Step 9b: Start VM Provisioning
Nova Compute makes rpc.call to
Nova Conductor for information on
VM from DB

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PAGE 53Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Conductor
The Nova Conductor service is key
to completing no-db-compute
PAGE 54Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Conductor Notes
• Eliminites remote DB access (security)
• Horizontal scalability: spawn multiple worker threads operating in parallel (performance)
• Hides DB implementation/schema from the Nova Compute (upgrades)
• Possible offloading of long-running operations from other services, not just Nova Compute
• Beneficial for operations that cross multiple compute nodes (migration, resizes)
controller node
DB
nova-conductor
compute node
nova-compute
rpc.call()
PAGE 55Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute
• Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database –
step 9
• Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex)
to allocate networking information – step 10
• Queries Cinder to allocate volume information
(optional step for persistent data) – step 11
• Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12-
14
• Passes all information about VM (in a single message)
to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an
instance – step 15
PAGE 56Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
The OpenStack Networking
(Neutron)
network-as-a-service

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PAGE 57Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Neutron Notes
• Provides a flexible API (POST / GET) for service
providers or their tenants to manage OpenStack
network topologies.
• Create networks, associate VMs, set routers, etc.
• Presents a logical API and a corresponding plug-in
architecture that separates the description of
network connectivity from its implementation.
• In Icehouse, one can still choose to stay with nova-
network (Essex approach) or to go with Neutron.
PAGE 58Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 10: Configure Network
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Nova Compute makes a call to
Neutron API to provision
network for the instance
PAGE 59Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 10: Configure Network (Continued)
Neutron configures IP, gateway,
DNS name, L2 connectivity, etc.
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
PAGE 60Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute
• Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database –
step 9
• Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex)
to allocate networking information – step 10
• Queries Cinder to allocate volume information
(optional step for persistent data) – step 11
• Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12-
14
• Passes all information about VM (in a single message)
to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an
instance – step 15

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PAGE 61Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Open Stack Storage Concepts
• Ephemeral storage:
• Persists until VM is terminated
• Accessible from within VM as local file system
• Used to run operating system and/or scratch space
• Managed by Nova
• Block storage:
• Persists until specifically deleted by user
• Accessible from within VM as a block device (e.g. /dev/vdc)
• Used to add additional persistent storage to VM and/or run operating system
• Managed by Cinder
• Object storage:
• Persists until specifically deleted by user
• Accessible from anywhere
• Used to add store files, including VM images
• Managed by Swift
PAGE 62Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
The OpenStack Block Storage
(Cinder)
block storage as-a-service
PAGE 63Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Cinder Resources
• Volume:
• Is a persistent R/W block storage device
• Can be attached to VMs as secondary storage
• Can be root store to boot VMs
• Can be attached only to one instance at a time
• Keeps its state independent of an instance
• Snapshot:
• Is a read-only point in time copy of a volume
• Can then be used to create a new volume
• Backup:
• An archived copy of a volume
PAGE 64Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Cinder
Cinder Architecture
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Volume
Backend
Storage
Devices
Scheduler
Cinder API
Cinder CLI NovaHorizon
HTTP
AMQP
SQL
3rd-party
Cinder Backup
Object Storage

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The document provides an overview of Agile, DevOps and Cloud Management from a security, risk management and audit compliance perspective. It discusses how the IT industry paradigm is shifting towards microservices, containers, continuous delivery and cloud platforms. DevOps is described as development and operations engineers participating together in the entire service lifecycle. Key differences in DevOps include changes to configuration management, release and change management, and event monitoring. Factors for DevOps success include culture, collaboration, eliminating waste, unified processes, tooling and automation.

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PAGE 65Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Cinder Volume Driver
• iSCSI:
• Dell EqualLogic
• EMC VMAX/VNX
• Hitach HDS
• HP 3PAR (StoreServ)
• HP / Lefthand SAN (StoreVirtual)
• Huawei T/Dorado/HVS
• IBM Storwize family/SVC/XIV
• LVM (Reference Implementation)
• Nexenta
• NetApp
• SolidFire
• VMware VMDK
• Windows Server 2012
• Zadara
• GlusterFS NFS (volumes as sparse files)
• IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) (volumes as sparse
files):
• GPFS NSD
• ATA over Ethernet (AoE):
• Coraid
• Fibre Channel:
• NetApp
• HP 3PAR (StoreServ)
• Huawei T/Dorad/HVS
• IBM Storwize family/SVC/XIV
• VMware VMDK
• NFS (volumes as sparse files):
• NFS
• Nexenta
• NetApp
• VMware VMDK
• Zadara
• XenAPI Storage Manager
• RADOS Block Devices (RBD):
• Ceph
• Shared SAS:
• VMware VMDK
• Scale Out File System (SOFS) (volumes as sparse files):
• Scality
• VirtIO (Local raw storage) (volumes as sparse files)
PAGE 66Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Cinder Backup Drivers
• Swift
• Ceph
• IBM Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM)
PAGE 67Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Cinder Notes
• Functionality provided by drivers is not 100%
similar.
• Exact volume provisioning and attachment flow
depends on driver implementation and
Hypervisor used.
• Most features are developed and tested with
LVM over ISCSI and KVM.
PAGE 68Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 11: Request Volume
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
It is assumed a volume is
already created. Nova
Compute contacts Cinder to
get volume data. Can also
attach volumes after VM is
built.

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PAGE 69Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 11: Request volume (Continued)
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Nova Compute sets up the
host mount if needed &
instructs the Hypervisor to
use vol. as a new block
device
PAGE 70Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute
• Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database –
step 9
• Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex)
to allocate networking information – step 10
• Queries Cinder to allocate volume information
(optional step for persistent data) – step 11
• Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12-
14
• Passes all information about VM (in a single message)
to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an
instance – step 15
PAGE 71Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
The OpenStack Image Service
(Glance)
Glance provides services for
discovering, registering, and
retrieving virtual machine images.
PAGE 72Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Definition of Image
• Copy of the entire contents of a storage device,
for example:
• hard drive
• DVD/CD
• other storage media
• Includes all the partition information, boot
sectors, the file allocation table, operating
system installation and application software.

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This document discusses the IETF's work on Proof-of-Possession (PoP) for OAuth tokens. It provides an overview of the PoP architecture and key variants involving key distribution at access token issuance or client registration. It also describes building blocks for PoP like message integrity and channel binding. Open issues include authentication of the server to the client and handling intermediaries when clients interact with resource servers.

PAGE 73Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Custom Image Creation Steps
• Get Operating System installation ISO
• Create VM (qemu-img create)
• Install Operating System
• Start VM with ISO connected as CD-ROM
• Connect to VM via VNC console or SPICE
• Install Operating System as you normally do
• Install and configure cloud-init (Linux) or cloudbase-init (Windows)
• Install virtIO drivers (Windows only)
• Prepare and cleanup the image
• Remove the MAC address details, etc, with virt-sysprep (Linux) or
sysprep.exe (Windows)
• Install any additional applications (OpenSSH, Apache, MySQL, etc.)
• Convert image to a different format if desired (qemu-img convert)
PAGE 74Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Glance
• Provides Images-as-a-Service.
• Can use multiple back-ends for image storage.
• Can store the same image in multiple locations.
• Supports multiple image formats.
PAGE 75Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Glance API
Glance CLI NovaHorizon
Glance
Glance Architecture
HTTP
AMQP
SQL
3rd-party
Glance Registry
Glance DB
Store Adapter
Swift
Cinder
File System
Amazon S3
HTTP
GridFS
Sheepdog
Ceph (RBD)
PAGE 76Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Glance Notes
• Functionality provided by backends is not 100%
similar.
• Exact Glance capabilities available depend on
the backend and Hypervisor used.
• Most of the features are developed and tested
with the file system or Swift.

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PAGE 77Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Glance Disk Formats
Disk Format Description
raw an unstructured (unrestricted) disk image format
vhd VHD disk format, a common disk format used by virtual machine monitors from VMWare, Xen,
Microsoft, VirtualBox, and others
vmdk Another common disk format supported by many common virtual machine monitors
vdi disk format supported by VirtualBox virtual machine monitor and the QEMU emulator
iso archive format for the data contents of an optical disc (e.g. CDROM)
qcow2 disk format supported by the QEMU emulator that can expand dynamically and supports Copy
on Write
aki indicates what is stored in Glance is an Amazon kernel image
ari indicates what is stored in Glance is an Amazon ramdisk image
ami indicates what is stored in Glance is an Amazon machine image
PAGE 78Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 12: Request VM Image from Glance
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Nova Compute requests VM
image from Glance via Image ID
PAGE 79Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 13: Get Image URI from Glance
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
If image with given image ID
can be found - return URI –
HTTP Get URI
PAGE 80Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 14: Direct Image File Copy
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Nova Compute can download
image using URI, given by
Glance, directly from Swif

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PAGE 81Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 14 alternative: Image Copy through Glance
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
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DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
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Cinder
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Scheduler
Cinder
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Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
To leaverage Glance Server caching
mechanism and additional access restriction,
the Image copy can go through Glance
PAGE 82Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Nova Compute
• Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database –
step 9
• Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex)
to allocate networking information – step 10
• Queries Cinder to allocate volume information
(optional step for persistent data) – step 11
• Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12-
14
• Passes all information about VM (in a single message)
to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an
instance – step 15
PAGE 83Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 15: Start VM Rendering via Hypervisor
In case of KVM / libvirtd this is
a single XML VM config file
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
Nova Compute creates a
command to Hypervisor and
delegates VM rendering to
Hypervisor.
PAGE 84Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 16: VM is UP
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block Storage
NodeStorage
Cinder
Cinder API
Scheduler
Cinder
Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
Ceilometer
API
Collector
Agent
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Conductor to update
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PAGE 85Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Step 17: User is Happy
Nova
Nova DB
Queue
Nova API
Scheduler
Conductor
UI: Horizon or CLI
Swift
Object Store
Proxy Server
Keystone
KeystoneAPI
Keystone DB
Glance
Glance API
Glance
Registry
Glance DB
Neutron
Neutron DB
Queue
Neutron API
Scheduler
Plugin/Agent
Compute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-
compute
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DHCP/IPAM
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Scheduler
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Backup
Cinder DB
Queue
Cinder Vol
Ceilometer
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API
Collector
Agent
Horizon polls Nova API
for VM status and power
state, which is taken
from Database.
PAGE 86Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
OpenStack Architecture
Recap
• Users log into Horizon and initiate a VM create
• Keystone authorizes
• Nova initiates provisioning and saves state to DB
• Nova Scheduler finds appropriate host
• Neutron configures networking
• Cinder provides block device
• Image URI is looked up through Glance
• Image is retrieved via Swift
• VM is rendered by Hypervisor
PAGE 87Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Questions?
PAGE 88Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved
Thank You!

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OpenStack Architecture

  • 1. PAGE 1Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reservedCopyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Release H2.0.3 OpenStack Architecture Polina Petriuk Sr. Technical Trainer Mirantis Inc.
  • 2. PAGE 2Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved OpenStack Architecture Provision a VM Request Flow
  • 3. PAGE 3Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved VM Provisioning • Is the most common and complex process in OpenStack • Involves interaction of most of OpenStack components
  • 4. PAGE 4Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Initial State Assumes Project is created, provisioning quota is available, user has an access to Horizon/CLI Cloud Operator, DevOp, etc. Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent
  • 5. PAGE 5Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 1: Request Provisioning – From UI • Login to Horizon • Specify parameters of VM • VM Name • Image (OS type) • Flavor (specifies CPU, Memory, Disk) • Network (required for Neutron) • Optional (SSH Keys, Persistent volumes, comments, etc.) • Select "Create" button
  • 6. PAGE 6Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved The OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) Horizon provides a baseline user interface for managing OpenStack services.
  • 7. PAGE 7Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Horizon • Is “stateless” — doesn’t require a database • Delegates error handling to the back-end • Doesn’t support all the API functions • Can use memcached or database to store sessions • Gets updated via API polling
  • 8. PAGE 8Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 1: Request VM Provisioning via UI/CLI Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Cloud Operator, DevOp, etc. User logs in to UI Specifies VM params: name, flavor, keys, etc. and hits "Create" button
  • 9. PAGE 9Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 1: Request Provisioning – Under the Hood • Form parameters are converted to POST data • "Create" request initiates HTTP POST request to back-end • To Keystone if auth token is not cached – step 2
  • 10. PAGE 10Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved The OpenStack Identity Service (Keystone) Keystone provides Identity, Token, Catalog and Policy services for use specifically by projects in the OpenStack family.
  • 11. PAGE 11Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Keystone: Identity Management • User • Credentials • Token • Associated with a user, an arbitrary bit of text that is used to access resources • Group of users • Project • Synonym to tenant • Role • Assigned to sers or groups for projects • Domain • Higher level of hierarchy – users and projects belong to domains
  • 12. PAGE 12Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Keystone: Service Catalog • Service • An OpenStack service, such as Compute (Nova), Object Storage (Swift), or Image Service (Glance). • Endpoint • A network-accessible address, usually described by URL, from where you access an OpenStack service • Rule • A set of requirements for performing an action over the endpoint.
  • 13. PAGE 13Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Keystone Architecture OpenStack Services Catalog Backend Token Backend Policy Backend Assignments Backend Identity Backend Credentials Backend Rule management interface and rule- based authorization Contains temporary tokens Contains endpoint registry Contains users and groups Contains credentials, e.g. EC2 tokens Contains domains, projects, roles and role assignments Deploys with its own DB but can also be substituted with LDAP or other EASKeystone API
  • 14. PAGE 14Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Keystone:Role Based Access Control (RBAC) 1. User gets Token from Keystone. 2. Token includes the list of user Projects and Roles in them. 3. User calls the Service specifying the Token. 4. Service interprets the Roles: • Service consults its policy.json file. • Policy.json specifies the list of available rules. • "admin_required": [["role:admin"], ["is_admin:1"]], • “owner" : [["project_id:%(project_id)s"]], • "admin_or_owner": [["rule:admin_required"], ["rule:owner"]], • Policy.json specifies which rules are enforced for operations and resources. • "volume:create": [["rule:admin_or_owner"]],
  • 15. PAGE 15Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 2: Validate Auth Data Horizon sends HTTP request to Keystone. Auth info is specified in HTTP headers. Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent
  • 16. PAGE 16Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 2: Validate Auth Data - Success Keystone sends temporary token back to Horizon via HTTP. Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent
  • 17. PAGE 17Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 3: Send API Request to Nova API Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Horizon sends POST request to Nova API (signed with given token).
  • 18. PAGE 18Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved The OpenStack Compute API (Nova API) Nova API is a RESTful API web service which is used to interact with Nova.
  • 19. PAGE 19Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova API • Exposes REST API via HTTP • Provides system for managing multiple APIs on different sub-domains: • EC2-compatible—starting to be deprecated • Compute API—all innovation happens here • Is the only "allowed" way to interact with Nova • Is “stateless”
  • 20. PAGE 20Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 4: Validate API Token Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova API sends HTTP request to validate API token to Keystone.
  • 21. PAGE 21Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Auth Token Usage Neutron
  • 22. PAGE 22Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Keystone /w PKI - Token Validation • User gets one-time-password on creation • User uses it to establish a key-pair • Public key is signed and stored on Keystone • From this point user uses client certificate to login • Nova API performs offline check of the validity of token using CA&Cert it has from Keystone Keystone Key generate_cms_token (meta, keystone_key)user/pass/tenant signed_cms_token signed_cms_token Nova CA&Cert from Keystone verify(signed_cms_token, Cafile,certfile)
  • 23. PAGE 23Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 4: Validate API Token - Sucess Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Keystone validates API token and sends HTTP response with token acceptance/rejection info.
  • 24. PAGE 24Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 5: Process API Request • Validate request parameters: • Typographical errors are verified on code level • Cloud-related parameters are validated via database requests • If the request cannot be processed: • Throw an exception • If the request can be processed: • Save initial state to the database
  • 25. PAGE 25Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Database Nova Database stores current state of all objects in compute cluster.
  • 26. PAGE 26Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Database • In theory, can be any relational database • Most of the deployments are done with MySQL or PostgreSQL • Nova API talks to database via SQLAlchemy (python ORM (Object Relational Mapper)) • Database HA should be done via external tools: • Galera • Multi-Master replication Model for MySQL (MMM)
  • 27. PAGE 27Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 5: Process API Request Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova API parses request to python object model and validates it by fetching data from Nova DB. If request is valid, it saves initial db entry about VM to the database.
  • 28. PAGE 28Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 6: Process API Request • Validate request parameters • Typographical errors are verified on code level. • Cloud-related parameters are validated via database requests. • If request cannot be processed: • Throw an exception. • If request can be processed: • Save initial state to the database. • Send message with next actions to Message Queue (MQ)
  • 29. PAGE 29Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Message Queue Message Queue is a unified way for collaboration between sub- components.
  • 30. PAGE 30Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Messaging Process Example • OpenStack uses two modes: • rpc.cast—don't wait for result (fire and forget) • rpc.call—wait for result (when there is something to return) Ex. Nova API Ex. Nova Scheduler
  • 31. PAGE 31Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved OpenStack Messaging Notes • Uses multiple queues within single RabbitMQ instance. • Used by services to build machine state • Each compute node has a queue • Message traffic is not intensive. • Doesn't send broadcast messages. • For example: monitoring uses API polling • HA should be configured separately. • For example: mirrored queues not handled by OpenStack
  • 32. PAGE 32Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Step 6: Publish Provisioning Request Nova API makes rpc.cast to Scheduler. It publishes a short message to scheduler queue with VM info. Request has been validated, but no action has been taken yet, i.e. which host, IP address, etc.
  • 33. PAGE 33Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 7: Pick up Provisioning Request Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Scheduler picks up the message from MQ.
  • 34. PAGE 34Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler Nova Scheduler is a daemon, which determines, on which compute host the request should run. • Only provisioning time component—not like VMware’s Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) • Typically co-located with the Cloud Controller
  • 35. PAGE 35Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Available Schedulers Scheduler Description Behavior Chance Picks a host that is up Random Filter Picks the best-suited host which satisfies selected filter(s) Custom Prioritisation
  • 36. PAGE 36Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Filtering Affinity, Anti-affinity, etc. Eliminate inapplicable hosts
  • 37. PAGE 37Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Filters • All Hosts • AllHostsFilter • All the available hosts, even non-active • ComputeFilter • All hosts that are operational and enabled • Based on Host statically configured properties • SimpleCIDRAffinityFilter • Host within the specified IP range • --hint build_near_host_ip=<1st IP in range> --hint cidr=<subnet size> • AvailabilityZoneFilter • Hosts that are in the desired Availability Zone • --availability-zone <availability-zone>
  • 38. PAGE 38Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Filters • Based on already running individual VMs • SameHostFilter • Same host as another instance in a set of instances • --hint same_host=<VM ID> • DifferentHostFilter • Different host from a set of instances • --hint different_host=<VM ID> • Collocate/Distribute group of VMs • GroupAffinityFilter • Each instance in a group is on the same host • --hint group=<group name> • GroupAntiAffinityFilter • Each instance in a group is on a different host • --hint group=<group name>
  • 39. PAGE 39Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Filters • Based on flavor used (“nova-manage instance_type list”) • ComputeCapabilitiesFilter • Hosts with properties that match flavor extra specs (“nova hypervisor-show <host name>”) • AggregateInstanceExtraSpecsFilter • Hosts from host aggregates with properties that match flavor extra specs ( “nova aggregate-details <aggregate ID>”) • TrustedFilter • Hosts with integrity obtained from the Attestation service (Intel TXT) that matches flavor extra specs (“nova hypervisor-show <host name>”) • Based on Project (Tenant) • AggregateMultiTenancyIsolation • Hosts from host aggregates with filter_tenant_id property value containing the Project (tenant) ID
  • 40. PAGE 40Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Filters • Based on Host resources left • CoreFilter • Hosts with sufficient CPU cores left, uses global cpu_allocation_ratio setting to overcommit (16.0 by default) • RamFilter • Hosts with sufficient RAM left, uses global ram_allocation_ratio setting to overcommit (1.5 by default) • DiskFilter • Hosts with sufficient disk space left for root and ephemeral storage, uses global disk_allocation_ratio setting to overcommit (1.0 by default) • AggregateCoreFilter • Same as CoreFilter but uses cpu_allocation_ratio set for Host Aggregate • AggregateRAMFilter • Same as RAMFilter but uses ram_allocation_ratio set for Host Aggregate
  • 41. PAGE 41Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Filters • Based on Host load • IoOpsFilter • Hosts with less than max_io_ops_per_host concurrent I/O operations (8 by default) • NumInstancesFilter • Hosts with less than max_instances_per_host instances (50 by default) • Based on image used • ImagePropertiesFilter • Hosts that can support the specified image properties: architecture, hypervisor type and virtual machine mode (hypervisor ABI) • IsolatedHostsFilter • Specific set of images and a specific set of hosts (from nova.conf)
  • 42. PAGE 42Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Filters • Scheduling history • RetryFilter • Hosts that haven’t been attempted for scheduling purposes • Custom • JsonFilter • Hosts that pass a custom filter constructed by passing a scheduler hint in JSON format • Supported operators: =, <, >, in, <=, >=, not, or, and • Supported variables: $free_ram_mb, $free_disk_mb, $total_usable_ram_mb, $vcpus_total, $vcpus_used • --hint query='[">=","$free_ram_mb",1024]‘ • Inherit from nova.scheduler.driver.Scheduler • Override schedule_prep_resize and schedule_run_instance methods
  • 43. PAGE 43Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Weighting RAM, CPU, etc. Integer values
  • 44. PAGE 44Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Scheduler: Weights • Weigher - host property of integer type • Every weigher can have multiplier for it • weight = sum(weigher_i * multiplier_i) • The only currently available RamWeigher: • Spread VMs across hosts evenly • ram_weight_multiplier=1.0 • Stack VMs on the hosts (fill-up) • ram_weight_multiplier=-1.0
  • 45. PAGE 45Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 8a: Schedule Provisioning Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Scheduler fetches information about the whole cluster from database, filters, selects compute node and updates DB with its ID
  • 46. PAGE 46Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 8b: Provision Scheduled Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Scheduler publishes message to the compute queue (based on host ID) to trigger VM provisioning
  • 47. PAGE 47Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Step 9a: Start VM Provisioning Nova Compute gets message from MQ
  • 48. PAGE 48Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute Nova Compute is a worker daemon, which primarily creates and terminates VMs via Hypervisor API.
  • 49. PAGE 49Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute Drivers Nova Compute XCP VM VM VMWare Power VM VM VM libvirt KVM VM VM Xen VM VM Qemu VM VM LXC Cont ainer Cont ainer Allows multiple hypervisor types per cloud. Libvirt / KVM is most commonly used in deployment Maintained by Microsoft Maintained by IBM Bare Metal Docker Contain er Contain er XenAPI Naitive support comes in IcehousePXETilera Somewhat experimental Maintained by Citrix HyperV VM VM ESXi VM VM vSphere VM VM
  • 50. PAGE 50Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute Notes • Functionality provided by drivers is not 100% similar. • Exact "run_instance" flow depends on the driver implementation. • Most features are developed and tested on KVM.
  • 51. PAGE 51Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute • Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database – step 9 • Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex) to allocate networking information – step 10 • Queries Cinder to allocate volume information (optional step for persistent data) – step 11 • Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12- 14 • Passes all information about VM (in a single message) to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an instance – step 15
  • 52. PAGE 52Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Step 9b: Start VM Provisioning Nova Compute makes rpc.call to Nova Conductor for information on VM from DB
  • 53. PAGE 53Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Conductor The Nova Conductor service is key to completing no-db-compute
  • 54. PAGE 54Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Conductor Notes • Eliminites remote DB access (security) • Horizontal scalability: spawn multiple worker threads operating in parallel (performance) • Hides DB implementation/schema from the Nova Compute (upgrades) • Possible offloading of long-running operations from other services, not just Nova Compute • Beneficial for operations that cross multiple compute nodes (migration, resizes) controller node DB nova-conductor compute node nova-compute rpc.call()
  • 55. PAGE 55Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute • Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database – step 9 • Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex) to allocate networking information – step 10 • Queries Cinder to allocate volume information (optional step for persistent data) – step 11 • Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12- 14 • Passes all information about VM (in a single message) to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an instance – step 15
  • 56. PAGE 56Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved The OpenStack Networking (Neutron) network-as-a-service
  • 57. PAGE 57Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Neutron Notes • Provides a flexible API (POST / GET) for service providers or their tenants to manage OpenStack network topologies. • Create networks, associate VMs, set routers, etc. • Presents a logical API and a corresponding plug-in architecture that separates the description of network connectivity from its implementation. • In Icehouse, one can still choose to stay with nova- network (Essex approach) or to go with Neutron.
  • 58. PAGE 58Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 10: Configure Network Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova Compute makes a call to Neutron API to provision network for the instance
  • 59. PAGE 59Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 10: Configure Network (Continued) Neutron configures IP, gateway, DNS name, L2 connectivity, etc. Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent
  • 60. PAGE 60Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute • Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database – step 9 • Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex) to allocate networking information – step 10 • Queries Cinder to allocate volume information (optional step for persistent data) – step 11 • Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12- 14 • Passes all information about VM (in a single message) to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an instance – step 15
  • 61. PAGE 61Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Open Stack Storage Concepts • Ephemeral storage: • Persists until VM is terminated • Accessible from within VM as local file system • Used to run operating system and/or scratch space • Managed by Nova • Block storage: • Persists until specifically deleted by user • Accessible from within VM as a block device (e.g. /dev/vdc) • Used to add additional persistent storage to VM and/or run operating system • Managed by Cinder • Object storage: • Persists until specifically deleted by user • Accessible from anywhere • Used to add store files, including VM images • Managed by Swift
  • 62. PAGE 62Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved The OpenStack Block Storage (Cinder) block storage as-a-service
  • 63. PAGE 63Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Cinder Resources • Volume: • Is a persistent R/W block storage device • Can be attached to VMs as secondary storage • Can be root store to boot VMs • Can be attached only to one instance at a time • Keeps its state independent of an instance • Snapshot: • Is a read-only point in time copy of a volume • Can then be used to create a new volume • Backup: • An archived copy of a volume
  • 64. PAGE 64Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Cinder Cinder Architecture Cinder DB Queue Cinder Volume Backend Storage Devices Scheduler Cinder API Cinder CLI NovaHorizon HTTP AMQP SQL 3rd-party Cinder Backup Object Storage
  • 65. PAGE 65Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Cinder Volume Driver • iSCSI: • Dell EqualLogic • EMC VMAX/VNX • Hitach HDS • HP 3PAR (StoreServ) • HP / Lefthand SAN (StoreVirtual) • Huawei T/Dorado/HVS • IBM Storwize family/SVC/XIV • LVM (Reference Implementation) • Nexenta • NetApp • SolidFire • VMware VMDK • Windows Server 2012 • Zadara • GlusterFS NFS (volumes as sparse files) • IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) (volumes as sparse files): • GPFS NSD • ATA over Ethernet (AoE): • Coraid • Fibre Channel: • NetApp • HP 3PAR (StoreServ) • Huawei T/Dorad/HVS • IBM Storwize family/SVC/XIV • VMware VMDK • NFS (volumes as sparse files): • NFS • Nexenta • NetApp • VMware VMDK • Zadara • XenAPI Storage Manager • RADOS Block Devices (RBD): • Ceph • Shared SAS: • VMware VMDK • Scale Out File System (SOFS) (volumes as sparse files): • Scality • VirtIO (Local raw storage) (volumes as sparse files)
  • 66. PAGE 66Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Cinder Backup Drivers • Swift • Ceph • IBM Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM)
  • 67. PAGE 67Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Cinder Notes • Functionality provided by drivers is not 100% similar. • Exact volume provisioning and attachment flow depends on driver implementation and Hypervisor used. • Most features are developed and tested with LVM over ISCSI and KVM.
  • 68. PAGE 68Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 11: Request Volume Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent It is assumed a volume is already created. Nova Compute contacts Cinder to get volume data. Can also attach volumes after VM is built.
  • 69. PAGE 69Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 11: Request volume (Continued) Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova Compute sets up the host mount if needed & instructs the Hypervisor to use vol. as a new block device
  • 70. PAGE 70Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute • Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database – step 9 • Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex) to allocate networking information – step 10 • Queries Cinder to allocate volume information (optional step for persistent data) – step 11 • Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12- 14 • Passes all information about VM (in a single message) to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an instance – step 15
  • 71. PAGE 71Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved The OpenStack Image Service (Glance) Glance provides services for discovering, registering, and retrieving virtual machine images.
  • 72. PAGE 72Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Definition of Image • Copy of the entire contents of a storage device, for example: • hard drive • DVD/CD • other storage media • Includes all the partition information, boot sectors, the file allocation table, operating system installation and application software.
  • 73. PAGE 73Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Custom Image Creation Steps • Get Operating System installation ISO • Create VM (qemu-img create) • Install Operating System • Start VM with ISO connected as CD-ROM • Connect to VM via VNC console or SPICE • Install Operating System as you normally do • Install and configure cloud-init (Linux) or cloudbase-init (Windows) • Install virtIO drivers (Windows only) • Prepare and cleanup the image • Remove the MAC address details, etc, with virt-sysprep (Linux) or sysprep.exe (Windows) • Install any additional applications (OpenSSH, Apache, MySQL, etc.) • Convert image to a different format if desired (qemu-img convert)
  • 74. PAGE 74Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Glance • Provides Images-as-a-Service. • Can use multiple back-ends for image storage. • Can store the same image in multiple locations. • Supports multiple image formats.
  • 75. PAGE 75Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Glance API Glance CLI NovaHorizon Glance Glance Architecture HTTP AMQP SQL 3rd-party Glance Registry Glance DB Store Adapter Swift Cinder File System Amazon S3 HTTP GridFS Sheepdog Ceph (RBD)
  • 76. PAGE 76Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Glance Notes • Functionality provided by backends is not 100% similar. • Exact Glance capabilities available depend on the backend and Hypervisor used. • Most of the features are developed and tested with the file system or Swift.
  • 77. PAGE 77Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Glance Disk Formats Disk Format Description raw an unstructured (unrestricted) disk image format vhd VHD disk format, a common disk format used by virtual machine monitors from VMWare, Xen, Microsoft, VirtualBox, and others vmdk Another common disk format supported by many common virtual machine monitors vdi disk format supported by VirtualBox virtual machine monitor and the QEMU emulator iso archive format for the data contents of an optical disc (e.g. CDROM) qcow2 disk format supported by the QEMU emulator that can expand dynamically and supports Copy on Write aki indicates what is stored in Glance is an Amazon kernel image ari indicates what is stored in Glance is an Amazon ramdisk image ami indicates what is stored in Glance is an Amazon machine image
  • 78. PAGE 78Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 12: Request VM Image from Glance Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova Compute requests VM image from Glance via Image ID
  • 79. PAGE 79Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 13: Get Image URI from Glance Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent If image with given image ID can be found - return URI – HTTP Get URI
  • 80. PAGE 80Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 14: Direct Image File Copy Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova Compute can download image using URI, given by Glance, directly from Swif
  • 81. PAGE 81Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 14 alternative: Image Copy through Glance Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent To leaverage Glance Server caching mechanism and additional access restriction, the Image copy can go through Glance
  • 82. PAGE 82Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Nova Compute • Asks Nova Conductor for VM info from database – step 9 • Queries Neutron (previously Nova-Network in Essex) to allocate networking information – step 10 • Queries Cinder to allocate volume information (optional step for persistent data) – step 11 • Fetches VM image (base OS) from Glance – steps 12- 14 • Passes all information about VM (in a single message) to Hypervisor and Hypervisor (KVM / Xen) creates an instance – step 15
  • 83. PAGE 83Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 15: Start VM Rendering via Hypervisor In case of KVM / libvirtd this is a single XML VM config file Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova Compute creates a command to Hypervisor and delegates VM rendering to Hypervisor.
  • 84. PAGE 84Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 16: VM is UP Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Nova Compute sends a message to Nova Conductor to update DB with VM state
  • 85. PAGE 85Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Step 17: User is Happy Nova Nova DB Queue Nova API Scheduler Conductor UI: Horizon or CLI Swift Object Store Proxy Server Keystone KeystoneAPI Keystone DB Glance Glance API Glance Registry Glance DB Neutron Neutron DB Queue Neutron API Scheduler Plugin/Agent Compute NodeCompute Node Network VM Hypervisor nova- compute Network Node DHCP/IPAM Router/GW Block Storage NodeStorage Cinder Cinder API Scheduler Cinder Backup Cinder DB Queue Cinder Vol Ceilometer Ceilometer API Collector Agent Horizon polls Nova API for VM status and power state, which is taken from Database.
  • 86. PAGE 86Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved OpenStack Architecture Recap • Users log into Horizon and initiate a VM create • Keystone authorizes • Nova initiates provisioning and saves state to DB • Nova Scheduler finds appropriate host • Neutron configures networking • Cinder provides block device • Image URI is looked up through Glance • Image is retrieved via Swift • VM is rendered by Hypervisor
  • 87. PAGE 87Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Questions?
  • 88. PAGE 88Copyright © 2014 Mirantis, Inc. All rights reserved Thank You!