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Monitoring MV & LV Assets using
LoRaWAN
Agenda
• Electrical Distribution (MV/LV) Network
• Why do we need to monitor MV & LV network?
• Devices & Data to be connected
• Communication Characteristics Requirements
• Technology Comparison
• Introduction to LoRAWAN
• Network Architecture
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 2
Electrical Distribution (MV/LV) Network
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved.
3
LV Network
MV Network
MV Network
HV Network
Why do we need to monitor MV & LV network?
• Monitor power reliability - SAIFI, SAIDI, MAIFI
• Power Quality Monitoring – TPQI,THD, PQD
• Detection of ‘Abnormal power usage’
• Asset management & equipment maintenance
• Network planning – Balancing/loading
• Distributed energy resource integration
• Power Reliability & Quality control - (FLISR / Volt-Var)
• Metering & Loss Accounting
• Network operations & maintenance
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved.
4

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Typical devices & data
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 5
Devices Data
Medium Voltage
FPI / LFI Line fault & Earth Fault current
Sectionalizer, Auto-reclosure Switch positions
Sensors
Winding/ Oil Temperature , Oil Pressure
Ambient Temperature, Bus bar temperature , Palm temperature
Feeder Protection Relay Protection operation, Earth Fault, pwoer Flow direction
Low Voltage
Meters
Supply Voltage & Current of each phase, Maximum demand per phase
Max, Min, Average Load & voltage per phase (10/30 minute)
LV feeder phase loads (where required)
Harmonics Current, Voltage, THD, Imbalance -Current & Voltage
Switch Switch position
Calculated Real Time Thermal Ratings for LV cables, load factor
Communication Characteristics Required
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved.
6
Adaptable for less dense rural
areas with higher distance
between nodes. Should use
minimal co-Ordinator/ Edge
router or Base stations
Long Range
Single base station shall
manage Several thousands
of sensors
Higher Nodes
Lets operational cost for large
number of nodes. Preferred to
use unlicensed channels and
multiple service provider should
have flexibility to use same link.
Open software
Low Cost
Adaptable for be adaptable for
dense locations also should have
deep indoor penetration for
reading data from enterprise
buildings/ substations
High Penetration
Should have capability to
identify the geo-location
automatically with out
using additional cost
Geo-location
Technology Comparison Plot
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved.
7
Network Range
Bandwidth
NFC
Bluetooth LE
Wifi
802.11.a/b/c
Wifi
802.11ah/ad/n
WBAN
802.15.6
WPAN
802.15.3
Zigbee/
802.15.4
2G
3G
4G/ NBIoT
VSAT
LoRaWAN
Technology Comparison
8
https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf
Cost $ $ $$$ $$$ $$

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What is LoRaWANTM
• LoRaR – Wireless Physical layer
• Modulation – Chirp spread spectrum
• Long range- high link budget
• Star architecture
• Asynchronous communication
• High network capacity
• Device classes depending upon application
• Geo-location
• Multi-cast Messaging
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 9
Device Classes
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 10https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf
Devices are continuously listening
Message are sent downlink message any time
Suitable for application that require low latencies
LoRaWANTM Stack
11
EU 868
https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf
EU 433 US 915 AS 430
Regional ISM Bands
IN 865
LoRA Modulation
Class B (Continuous)Class A Class C (Continuous)
MAC Options
LoRAR WAN
-----
DLMS DNP3.0 Modbus
Zigbee app stack Proprietary stack
SCHC Compression & fragmentation
https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/dlms-lorawan-whitepaper_v1.pdf
IP v6
Network Architecture
Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved.
12
LoRa WAN
Network Server
API / TCP/IP
Historians
SCADA
DMS
DERMS
ADMS
Range in KMs
MQTT
DNP3/IEC
ICCP/
IEEE2030.5
Frontend Gateway /
Data hubSCHC
Gateway

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Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 13
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Monitoring MV& LV Distribution assets using LoRaWAN

  • 1. Monitoring MV & LV Assets using LoRaWAN
  • 2. Agenda • Electrical Distribution (MV/LV) Network • Why do we need to monitor MV & LV network? • Devices & Data to be connected • Communication Characteristics Requirements • Technology Comparison • Introduction to LoRAWAN • Network Architecture Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 2
  • 3. Electrical Distribution (MV/LV) Network Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 3 LV Network MV Network MV Network HV Network
  • 4. Why do we need to monitor MV & LV network? • Monitor power reliability - SAIFI, SAIDI, MAIFI • Power Quality Monitoring – TPQI,THD, PQD • Detection of ‘Abnormal power usage’ • Asset management & equipment maintenance • Network planning – Balancing/loading • Distributed energy resource integration • Power Reliability & Quality control - (FLISR / Volt-Var) • Metering & Loss Accounting • Network operations & maintenance Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 4
  • 5. Typical devices & data Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 5 Devices Data Medium Voltage FPI / LFI Line fault & Earth Fault current Sectionalizer, Auto-reclosure Switch positions Sensors Winding/ Oil Temperature , Oil Pressure Ambient Temperature, Bus bar temperature , Palm temperature Feeder Protection Relay Protection operation, Earth Fault, pwoer Flow direction Low Voltage Meters Supply Voltage & Current of each phase, Maximum demand per phase Max, Min, Average Load & voltage per phase (10/30 minute) LV feeder phase loads (where required) Harmonics Current, Voltage, THD, Imbalance -Current & Voltage Switch Switch position Calculated Real Time Thermal Ratings for LV cables, load factor
  • 6. Communication Characteristics Required Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 6 Adaptable for less dense rural areas with higher distance between nodes. Should use minimal co-Ordinator/ Edge router or Base stations Long Range Single base station shall manage Several thousands of sensors Higher Nodes Lets operational cost for large number of nodes. Preferred to use unlicensed channels and multiple service provider should have flexibility to use same link. Open software Low Cost Adaptable for be adaptable for dense locations also should have deep indoor penetration for reading data from enterprise buildings/ substations High Penetration Should have capability to identify the geo-location automatically with out using additional cost Geo-location
  • 7. Technology Comparison Plot Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 7 Network Range Bandwidth NFC Bluetooth LE Wifi 802.11.a/b/c Wifi 802.11ah/ad/n WBAN 802.15.6 WPAN 802.15.3 Zigbee/ 802.15.4 2G 3G 4G/ NBIoT VSAT LoRaWAN
  • 9. What is LoRaWANTM • LoRaR – Wireless Physical layer • Modulation – Chirp spread spectrum • Long range- high link budget • Star architecture • Asynchronous communication • High network capacity • Device classes depending upon application • Geo-location • Multi-cast Messaging Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 9
  • 10. Device Classes Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 10https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf Devices are continuously listening Message are sent downlink message any time Suitable for application that require low latencies
  • 11. LoRaWANTM Stack 11 EU 868 https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf EU 433 US 915 AS 430 Regional ISM Bands IN 865 LoRA Modulation Class B (Continuous)Class A Class C (Continuous) MAC Options LoRAR WAN ----- DLMS DNP3.0 Modbus Zigbee app stack Proprietary stack SCHC Compression & fragmentation https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/dlms-lorawan-whitepaper_v1.pdf IP v6
  • 12. Network Architecture Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 12 LoRa WAN Network Server API / TCP/IP Historians SCADA DMS DERMS ADMS Range in KMs MQTT DNP3/IEC ICCP/ IEEE2030.5 Frontend Gateway / Data hubSCHC Gateway
  • 13. Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 13
  • 14. Copyright © Kalkitech / ASE. All rights reserved. 14