The locomotive disabled people and elderly people cannot control the wheelchair manually. The key
objective of this paper is to help the locomotive disabled and old people to easily manoeuvre without any social
aid through a brainwave-controlled wheelchair. There are various types of wheelchair available in the market
such as Voice controlled wheelchair, Joystick control wheelchair, Smart phone controlled wheelchair, Eye
controlled wheelchair, Mechanical wheelchair. These wheelchairs hold certain limitations for e.g. if the user is
dumb; user cannot access voice controlled wheelchair, etc. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new method used
to interface between the human mind and a digital signal processor. An Electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI
is connected with an artificial reality system to control the movement and direction of a wheelchair. This paper
proposes brainwave controlled wheelchair, which uses the captured EEG signals from the brain. This EEG
signals are then passed to Arduino. It converts into control signals which will in turn help to move the wheelchair
in different direction.
This document describes the development of a closed-loop deep brain stimulation system using wearable sensors. The system uses sensors attached to a patient's extremities to detect tremors. When tremors are detected, the system activates an implanted neurostimulator to provide therapeutic stimulation. This closed-loop approach only stimulates during periods of symptoms, addressing issues with continuous stimulation. The system was tested and shown to accurately detect tremors using machine learning algorithms with over 98% accuracy. Developing this integrated system could improve treatment for essential tremor and other movement disorders.
A Review on Motor Imagery Signal Classification for BCI
Brain computer interface (BCI) is an evolving technology from past few years. Scalp recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI technologies are widely used because of safety, low cost and portability. Millions of people are suffering from stroke worldwide and become disabled. They may lose communication control and fall into the locked in state (LIS) or completely locked in state (CLIS). Motor imagery brain computer interface (MI-BCI) can provide non-muscular channel for communication to those who are suffering from neuronal disorders, only by imagination of different motor tasks e.g. left-right hand and foot movement imagination. EEG signals are time varying, non-stationary random signals which are changes in person to person and occurs at different frequencies. For real time application of such a system efficient classification of motor tasks is required. The biggest challenge in MI-BCI system design is extraction of robust, informative and discriminative features which can be converted into device commands. The main application of MI-BCI is neurorehabilitation and control of wheelchair or robotic limbs. The objective of this paper is to give brief information about different stages of EEG based MI-BCI system. It also includes the review on motor imagery signal classification.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design & Implementation of Brain Controlled WheelchairIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed design for a brain-controlled wheelchair. It uses an electroencephalography (EEG) technique with an electrode cap placed on the user's scalp to capture brain wave signals. The EEG signals are processed and translated into movement commands for the wheelchair by an Arduino microcontroller. Specifically, the system analyzes brain waves for alpha, beta, and gamma waves and uses the attention level measured from these waves to control the wheelchair's forward and stopping movements. The goal is to provide independent mobility for people with severe motor disabilities.
This document describes the development of a closed-loop deep brain stimulation system using wearable sensors. The system uses sensors attached to a patient's extremities to detect tremors. When tremors are detected, the system activates an implanted neurostimulator to provide therapeutic stimulation. This closed-loop approach only stimulates during periods of symptoms, addressing issues with continuous stimulation. The system was tested and shown to accurately detect tremors using machine learning algorithms with over 98% accuracy. Developing this integrated system could improve treatment for essential tremor and other movement disorders.
A Review on Motor Imagery Signal Classification for BCICSCJournals
Brain computer interface (BCI) is an evolving technology from past few years. Scalp recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI technologies are widely used because of safety, low cost and portability. Millions of people are suffering from stroke worldwide and become disabled. They may lose communication control and fall into the locked in state (LIS) or completely locked in state (CLIS). Motor imagery brain computer interface (MI-BCI) can provide non-muscular channel for communication to those who are suffering from neuronal disorders, only by imagination of different motor tasks e.g. left-right hand and foot movement imagination. EEG signals are time varying, non-stationary random signals which are changes in person to person and occurs at different frequencies. For real time application of such a system efficient classification of motor tasks is required. The biggest challenge in MI-BCI system design is extraction of robust, informative and discriminative features which can be converted into device commands. The main application of MI-BCI is neurorehabilitation and control of wheelchair or robotic limbs. The objective of this paper is to give brief information about different stages of EEG based MI-BCI system. It also includes the review on motor imagery signal classification.
MULTIMODAL INTERFACE OF BRAQIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ELECTOOCULOGRAPHYchelsiageorge20
This document describes a study that combined brain-computer interface (BCI) technology using electroencephalography (EEG) with electrooculography (EOG) to control movement of a dot in a graphical user interface. Three participants were able to use imagined arm movements detected by EEG to control the height of the dot, while eye movements detected by EOG controlled the horizontal and vertical position. The combined interface allowed for more complex control and interaction than either technology alone. Results showed participants could successfully navigate the dot to targets using this dual-mode brain and eye based input.
Development of automatic healthcare instruction system via movement gesture s...IJECEIAES
This paper presented an automatic healthcare system where the system able to help and facilitates the paralysis patient to complete their daily life. When a patient suffers from a paralysis attack, the whole or partial of their body maybe disabled to move which means their movement is restricted and they also barely to communicate with anyone because they are unable to speak like a normal person. It will be hard for medical staff to understand what they want to convey and in helping them to manage their daily needs such as eating, drinking, bathing and etc. By developing this project, the health officer can assist the paralyzed patient when they are alerted by the message from patient via GSM network. There are several instruction of movement gesture sensor presented in this paper in order to assist health officer in helping the paralyzed patient to complete their needs. Whenever the patient gives the simple hand movement instruction, then it will be delivered through SMS and the alerted notice will be display on notification board to alert the health officers for assisting the patient.
The document summarizes a technical seminar on mind-control technology. It describes how a brain-computer interface system called Brain Gate allows paralyzed individuals to control external devices like computers and prosthetics using only their thoughts by monitoring brain activity. The system includes a microchip implanted in the motor cortex that detects neural signals which are translated by external processors into commands to move a cursor or operate devices. The seminar outlines the development, working principles, components, advantages, and future applications of mind-control technology to restore functionality and independence for the paralyzed.
IRJET - Real Time Muscle Fatigue Monitoring using IoT Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
This document describes a real-time muscle fatigue monitoring system using IoT cloud computing. Surface electromyography is used to acquire electromyography signals from muscles during isotonic contraction using a sensor. The signals are preprocessed on a Wemos D1 mini board and sent to an IoT cloud for further processing. In the cloud, time-frequency analysis is performed to extract features like median frequency and mean frequency over time. A decrease in these frequencies indicates muscle fatigue. The results are displayed on a mobile app interface for users and healthcare professionals to monitor fatigue in real-time. The system aims to provide a low-cost, non-invasive way to monitor muscle fatigue using IoT technologies.
Iaetsd artificial intelligence based automation & braking system for cars...Iaetsd Iaetsd
The document proposes an artificial intelligence-based automated speed control and braking system for cars that uses open source brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. The system would monitor brain waves through electrodes on a headset to determine the driver's level of concentration. It would control the car's speed automatically to reduce accidents caused by lack of attention. Brain waves would be classified by frequency and converted to machine code signals controlling the car. Sensors would measure the actual speed which would be compared to a safe reference speed. The system is intended to make driving safer and reduce stress by automating control based on the driver's mental state.
IRJET- Survey on Home Automation System using Brain Computer Interface Pa...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using brain-computer interfaces for home automation. It discusses how EEG signals collected from the brain can be used to control external devices without physical movement. The proposed system uses an OpenBCI board and EEG headset to collect brain signals in response to auditory tones. These signals are processed to determine commands, which are then sent to control smart home appliances like lights and fans through voice commands to an Alexa device. The system aims to help people with disabilities control their home environment through thought.
1. The document describes a project to develop a wireless brain-controlled robotic arm to help people with disabilities live more independently. The system uses an Emotiv EEG headset to read brain signals and control the robotic arm.
2. An EEG detects electrical activity in the brain produced when neurons fire. The Emotiv headset has 14 electrodes that can measure thoughts, emotions, facial expressions and head movement to control an external device.
3. The team's objective is to help people with partial or full paralysis perform tasks without assistance by using their brain signals to control a robotic arm through a brain-computer interface.
This document describes a smart yoga instructor system that uses accelerometer sensors and an IoT platform to detect a user's yoga postures and provide feedback on correctness. Sensors placed on the user's limbs measure orientation data, which is sent to a microcontroller and then to the cloud. A mobile app accesses the cloud data to compare real-time poses to predefined poses and instruct the user. The system aims to help users practice yoga correctly anywhere without an in-person instructor.
The document describes a Bluetooth-based wireless ECG monitoring system. It discusses how cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death globally and the need for remote patient monitoring. The system uses Bluetooth technology to wirelessly transmit ECG data acquired from a sensor to a mobile phone or PC in real-time. This allows for wireless monitoring that eliminates constraints of wired systems and allows patients to be monitored anywhere. The literature review discusses previous studies that implemented wireless ECG monitoring using Bluetooth to transmit ECG data.
This document describes a smart wheelchair system for physically handicapped individuals using a tilt sensor and wireless communication. The system includes a transmitter mounted on the user's hand that detects tilt movements using an accelerometer. The transmitter sends wireless control signals to a receiver mounted on the wheelchair. The receiver then controls the wheelchair's motion based on the control signals, allowing users to steer the chair with hand movements. The system aims to give handicapped individuals more independence and mobility through a wireless tilt-based control mechanism.
Modelling and Analysis of Brainwaves for Real World InteractionPavan Kumar
This document summarizes a research paper that models and analyzes brain waves for real-world interaction. It describes extracting brain waves using EEG, simulating the signal processing circuitry, and processing the signals using MATLAB. The research demonstrated controlling the speed of a robot based on a person's brain waves and a predefined threshold. This shows the potential for using brain-computer interfaces to control devices.
BRAIN Computer Interface (BCI) is a technique that
provides direct interface between the human brain and the
computer. BCI techniques are broadly classified into
invasive and non-invasive techniques. Non-invasive
techniques are becoming more popular and more research is
being done on this topic. There are various non-invasive BCI
techniques such as EEG, Electro-Oculography. EEG technique
deploys an electrode cap that is placed on the user’s scalp for
the acquisition of the EEG signal, which relates the scalp
potential differences to various complex actions. Classification
of the EEG signal has been made into several bands like alpha,
beta, delta, theta and mu suppression, each corresponding to
various states of being like relaxing, ranging over 8-14 Hz;
concentrating, ranging over 13-30 Hz; deep sleep, from 0-4
Hz; meditating from 4-8 Hz; moving your hands or legs or just
by imagining these motor actions respectively. As it is being
non-invasive in nature, it has an advantage over traditional
BMI, not being hazardous to health. With the advent of
technology the EEG acquisition devices are made more
compact, handy and wireless. Using the above mentioned
technique, a simple thought controlled wheelchair system has
been proposed in this paper. A section that briefly explains the
various blocks included in the system is also added in this
paper
EEG Acquisition Device to Control Wheelchair Using ThoughtsVivek chan
With the advancements in technology and health-care facilities, the number of senior citizens has increased and thus the number of elderly who find it difficult to walk. Hence there is a need for designing a wheelchair that is user friendly and involves fewer complexities. In this context, we propose a thought controlled wheelchair, which uses the captured signals from the brain and process it to control the wheelchair. This wheelchair can also be used by the physically challenged who depend on others for locomotion. Rehabilitation centers at hospitals can also make use of this wheelchair. In this paper, we explain the design and analysis of the thought-controlled wheelchair. In addition, we present some of the experiments that were carried out and the corresponding results in this paper.
http://www.vivek-chan.in
This document describes a brain-controlled robot system using EEG signals. The system uses EEG electrodes placed on the scalp to measure brain wave activity. Different patterns of brain waves can be translated into commands to control a mobile robot in real time. The goal is to develop a robot that can assist disabled people and allow them to move independently without physical movement. The system works by analyzing EEG signals through techniques like fast Fourier transforms to separate different brain wave frequencies associated with different mental states and intentions. This allows the user to think of commands to direct the robot's movement. The system aims to improve quality of life for people with disabilities.
Wheelchair controlled by human brainwave using brain-computer interface syste...journalBEEI
1. Researchers developed an integrated wheelchair controlled by human brainwaves using a brain-computer interface system. An electroencephalography device called Mindwave Mobile Plus was used to obtain attention values, eye blink detection, and eyebrow movement to control the wheelchair's movement and modes.
2. Statistical analysis found that the threshold attention values for controlling the wheelchair differed according to users' gender and age. For example, the threshold was higher for male adults than female children.
3. Testing showed the system could reliably detect users' attention levels, eye blinks, and eyebrow movements to move the wheelchair forward, backward, left, and right or stop through brainwave signals alone. This provided a new assistive technology option
A SMART BRAIN CONTROLLED WHEELCHAIR BASED MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEMgerogepatton
The document summarizes a proposed smart brain-controlled wheelchair system based on a microcontroller. The system uses an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset to read brain signals, which are sent to a mobile device via Bluetooth. The mobile device then sends signals to the microcontroller, which controls the wheelchair motors. The system is designed to help patients with disabilities like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to navigate independently using only their brain signals. It aims to provide an affordable option compared to other brain-controlled wheelchair systems.
A SMART BRAIN CONTROLLED WHEELCHAIR BASED MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEMijaia
The main objective of this paper is to build Smart Brain Controlled wheelchair (SBCW) intended for patient of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Brain control interface (BCI) gave solutions for a patients having a low rate of data exchange, alsoby using the BCIthe user should have the ability to meditate and tension to let the signal get received. Using the BCI continuously is very much exhausted for the patients, Theproposed system is trying to give all handicapped people and ALS patients the simplest way to let them have a life at least near to the normal life. The system will mainly depend on the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signalsand also on the Electromyography (EMG) signals to put the system in command and out of command. The system will interface with user through a tablet and it will be secured by sensors and tracking system to avoid any obstacle. The proposed system is safe and easily built with lower cost compared with other similar systems.
With the huge development and the latest technological advancement in mechatronics, prosthetic devices have acquired interest in many different fields such as medical and industrial fields. A prosthetic device can be an external wearable mobile machine that covers the body or part of it. It is generated by pneumatics and electric motors. It can be installed on an upper and lower limb. Moreover, it can be used for different purposes such as rehabilitation, power assistance, diagnostics, monitoring, ergonomics, etc. Most of the existing wearable devices face different problems in terms of size, cost and weight; they are huge, expensive and heavy. Therefore, the goal of this project is to design a portable, lightweight and low-cost rehabilitation system for people with a paralyzed hand. The wearable device allows a user to perform specific movements and exercises to train the patient's impaired hand. Thus, the user gradually starts to restore the functionality of his hand.
Brain-computer interface of focus and motor imagery using wavelet and recurre...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Brain-computer interface is a technology that allows operating a device without involving muscles and sound, but directly from the brain through the processed electrical signals. The technology works by capturing electrical or magnetic signals from the brain, which are then processed to obtain information contained therein. Usually, BCI uses information from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals based on various variables reviewed. This study proposed BCI to move external devices such as a drone simulator based on EEG signal information. From the EEG signal was extracted to get motor imagery (MI) and focus variable using wavelet. Then, they were classified by recurrent neural networks (RNN). In overcoming the problem of vanishing memory from RNN, was used long short-term memory (LSTM). The results showed that BCI used wavelet, and RNN can drive external devices of non-training data with an accuracy of 79.6%. The experiment gave AdaDelta model is better than the Adam model in terms of accuracy and value losses. Whereas in computational learning time, Adam's model is faster than AdaDelta's model.
The document describes a proposed wireless wheelchair control system using brain waves. Key aspects include:
- The system uses an EEG-based brain-computer interface to detect brain signals and control a wireless wheelchair.
- An algorithm called E-Sense is used to analyze EEG data and extract metrics like attention level and eye blink strength to determine wheelchair commands.
- Attention level is used to control left/right movement while eye blink strength controls forward/backward movement.
- The goal is to allow disabled people to control a wheelchair independently using only their brain signals.
One-day system authentication could be widely achieved through brainwaves. One doesn’t need to remember that 8 or more character long strange password. Simply thinking of certain things, such as a person face, or a rotating displayed cube, or line of song would be enough to unlock a device. Electro-encephalography (EEC) sensors are behind the technique. That is where electrical activity in certain parts of the brain is recorded. These sensors are used to generate the graphical lines on charts created from wired electrodes placed on the scalp, as seen in hospitals and TV shows. They are used in hospital to diagnose epilepsy, among other things. In this case, though, one wouldn’t need to be fitted with wired electrodes —or even a headset, which is used already in some current non-muscular EEC computer controls. An ear bud will collect the signals (mental gesture) and perform secure authentication. This research could provide hands-free and wireless interaction, authentication, and user experience, all in the form-factor of a typical ear bud.
This document describes a brainwave-controlled robotic arm. The arm is designed to help disabled individuals express themselves. Brainwaves are detected by a Neurosky headset and transmitted via Bluetooth to an Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller maps the brainwave signals to control servo motors that move the artificial arm. Specifically, different levels of attention and meditation detected in the brainwaves will trigger opening and closing of the hand or elbow movement of the arm. The system was tested on 10 people with promising but imperfect results, suggesting it needs further development to achieve full control of the arm's movements.
This document summarizes an approach to embedding a human brain with smart devices using depreciated brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. It discusses how BCI systems work by acquiring EEG signals from the brain, preprocessing the signals, classifying them, and using them to control external applications. Specifically, it proposes controlling a tablet through a 1-channel EEG amplifier and non-invasive electrode placement. The document outlines the basic components and applications of BCI systems and describes implementing a basic prototype to test controlling a media player on a tablet using EEG signals processed in MATLAB.
The document discusses Brain Gate, which is an electrode chip that can be implanted in the brain to allow communication between brain signals and external devices. It works by detecting electrical signals from the brain during imagined movements and transmitting them to decoding software. The goal is to provide paralyzed patients with computer and device control through thought alone. Early successful tests were conducted with monkeys and then humans. While promising, challenges remain around improving information transfer rates, adaptation, and reducing costs.
The Brain Gate system allows paralyzed individuals to control external devices like computers and prosthetics using only their brain activity. Tiny sensors are implanted in the brain to detect neural signals, which are then translated into commands to move a computer cursor or robotic limb. In clinical trials, one patient with a spinal cord injury was able to open emails, control his TV, and move a prosthetic hand just by thinking. This system provides an alternative pathway for communication and control for those who have lost physical function due to injury or disease.
This document provides a comparative study of computers operated by eyes and brain. It discusses the techniques used for eye tracking in computers operated by eyes, including electro-oculography and pupil tracking. Advantages include ability for disabled people to use computers, while disadvantages include need for head stability and training. Computers operated by brain use EEG to detect brain signals via electrodes on the scalp. Signals are interpreted as commands. Advantages are independence from movement and location, while disadvantages include risks of surgery and interference with signals. Key differences between the two methods are also summarized.
The document describes a brain-computer interface (BCI) system that uses electroencephalography (EEG) to classify motor imagery of the left or right arm and control an assistive device for paralyzed upper limbs. EEG signals are recorded over motor cortex areas during right and left arm imagery tasks. The mu and beta frequency bands are extracted and used to classify intended movement based on features like power and mean. If right arm imagery is classified, a stepper motor attached to the patient's forearm is activated to help lift their arm. The system was tested on 7 subjects with over 10 trials each, achieving classification of intended movement.
This document discusses brain wave technology, which allows direct communication between a brain and computer without motor output from the user. It works by capturing brain signals as neurons communicate while thinking. An EEG measures voltage fluctuations from brain neuron activity. The technology uses a headset with dry sensors and a Zigbee module to transmit EEG data to control devices like a wheelchair or robot. It has applications in medical devices, gaming, device control and more. While promising, it also has limitations in data transfer rates and complexity.
Brain computer interface based smart keyboard using neurosky mindwave headsetTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes a brain-computer interface (BCI) system that uses a Neurosky Mindwave headset to detect brain signals and control a virtual keyboard. The system collects EEG data in real-time from the headset, analyzes it to extract attention and blink features, and uses those features to scan and select characters on the virtual keyboard. An experiment tested the system on 5 users over multiple sessions and found encouraging results, with users achieving text entry speeds of 1.55-1.8 words per minute, faster than some other BCI keyboard studies.
This document summarizes a research paper on controlling a mobile robot using brain waves (EEG) detected by an electrode cap worn by the user. It discusses how EEG signals are analyzed to extract features related to different mental tasks. Machine learning classifiers are then used to translate the EEG features into commands to control the robot in real-time. The goal is to develop a system that can assist disabled people by controlling devices independently using only their brain activity.
Similar to Brainwave Controlled Wheelchair (BCW) (20)
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This document discusses the importance of leadership in leading an organization towards improvement and development. It states that leadership is responsible for providing a clear vision and strategy to successfully achieve that vision. Effective leadership can impact the success of an organization by controlling its direction and motivating employees. Leadership is different from traditional management in that it guides employees towards organizational goals through open communication and motivation, rather than simply directing work. The paper concludes that only leadership can lead an organization to change according to its evolving environment, while management may simply follow old rules. Leadership is key to adapting to new market needs and trends.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
The document summarizes research on a nano composite polymer gel electrolyte containing SiO2 nanoparticles. Key points:
1. Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene polymer was used as the base polymer mixed with propylene carbonate, magnesium perchlorate, and SiO2 nanoparticles to synthesize the nano composite polymer gel electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte was characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR which confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles and increased amorphous nature of the electrolyte, enhancing its ion conductivity.
3. XRD showed decreased crystallinity and disappearance of polymer peaks upon addition of SiO2. SEM revealed
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
Understanding Cybersecurity Breaches: Causes, Consequences, and PreventionBert Blevins
Cybersecurity breaches are a growing threat in today’s interconnected digital landscape, affecting individuals, businesses, and governments alike. These breaches compromise sensitive information and erode trust in online services and systems. Understanding the causes, consequences, and prevention strategies of cybersecurity breaches is crucial to protect against these pervasive risks.
Cybersecurity breaches refer to unauthorized access, manipulation, or destruction of digital information or systems. They can occur through various means such as malware, phishing attacks, insider threats, and vulnerabilities in software or hardware. Once a breach happens, cybercriminals can exploit the compromised data for financial gain, espionage, or sabotage. Causes of breaches include software and hardware vulnerabilities, phishing attacks, insider threats, weak passwords, and a lack of security awareness.
The consequences of cybersecurity breaches are severe. Financial loss is a significant impact, as organizations face theft of funds, legal fees, and repair costs. Breaches also damage reputations, leading to a loss of trust among customers, partners, and stakeholders. Regulatory penalties are another consequence, with hefty fines imposed for non-compliance with data protection regulations. Intellectual property theft undermines innovation and competitiveness, while disruptions of critical services like healthcare and utilities impact public safety and well-being.
Encontro anual da comunidade Splunk, onde discutimos todas as novidades apresentadas na conferência anual da Spunk, a .conf24 realizada em junho deste ano em Las Vegas.
Neste vídeo, trago os pontos chave do encontro, como:
- AI Assistant para uso junto com a SPL
- SPL2 para uso em Data Pipelines
- Ingest Processor
- Enterprise Security 8.0 (Maior atualização deste seu release)
- Federated Analytics
- Integração com Cisco XDR e Cisto Talos
- E muito mais.
Deixo ainda, alguns links com relatórios e conteúdo interessantes que podem ajudar no esclarecimento dos produtos e funções.
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/the-hidden-costs-of-downtime.html
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-leading-observability-practice.pdf
https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-modern-security-program.pdf
Nosso grupo oficial da Splunk:
https://usergroups.splunk.com/sao-paulo-splunk-user-group/
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer, printer, switch, router, tablets, smartphones or any other device that is part of a TCP/IP-based network.
Types of IP address-
Dynamic means "constantly changing “ .dynamic IP addresses aren't more powerful, but they can change.
Static means staying the same. Static. Stand. Stable. Yes, static IP addresses don't change.
Most IP addresses assigned today by Internet Service Providers are dynamic IP addresses. It's more cost effective for the ISP and you.
A brand new catalog for the 2024 edition of IWISS. We have enriched our product range and have more innovations in electrician tools, plumbing tools, wire rope tools and banding tools. Let's explore together!
20CDE09- INFORMATION DESIGN
UNIT I INCEPTION OF INFORMATION DESIGN
Introduction and Definition
History of Information Design
Need of Information Design
Types of Information Design
Identifying audience
Defining the audience and their needs
Inclusivity and Visual impairment
Case study.
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen FramesSinan KOZAK
In the realm of Android development, the main thread is our stage, but too often, it becomes a battleground where performance issues arise, leading to ANRS, frozen frames, and sluggish Uls. As we strive for excellence in user experience, understanding and optimizing the main thread becomes essential to prevent these common perforrmance bottlenecks. We have strategies and best practices for keeping the main thread uncluttered. We'll examine the root causes of performance issues and techniques for monitoring and improving main thread health as wel as app performance. In this talk, participants will walk away with practical knowledge on enhancing app performance by mastering the main thread. We'll share proven approaches to eliminate real-life ANRS and frozen frames to build apps that deliver butter smooth experience.
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Brainwave Controlled Wheelchair (BCW)
Rubini Pulliadi1
, Suchan Khade2
, Jiteshkumar Yadav3
, Nutan Malekar4
1,2,3,4
(Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract – The locomotive disabled people and elderly people cannot control the wheelchair manually. The key
objective of this paper is to help the locomotive disabled and old people to easily manoeuvre without any social
aid through a brainwave-controlled wheelchair. There are various types of wheelchair available in the market
such as Voice controlled wheelchair, Joystick control wheelchair, Smart phone controlled wheelchair, Eye
controlled wheelchair, Mechanical wheelchair. These wheelchairs hold certain limitations for e.g. if the user is
dumb; user cannot access voice controlled wheelchair, etc. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new method used
to interface between the human mind and a digital signal processor. An Electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI
is connected with an artificial reality system to control the movement and direction of a wheelchair. This paper
proposes brainwave controlled wheelchair, which uses the captured EEG signals from the brain. This EEG
signals are then passed to Arduino. It converts into control signals which will in turn help to move the wheelchair
in different direction.
Keywords - Brain Computer Interface (BCI), Locomotive disabled Persons, Mobility, Mind-link
Electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor.
1. INTRODUCTION
Fifteen percent out of the world's population that is approximately 1 billion people, suffers from some
form of disability. In that some of disabled people suffering from disability like Locomotors Disability, Brainstem
Stroke, paralyzed, spinal cord injury and other numerous locomotive diseases impair the neural pathways that
control muscles or impair the muscles themselves [1]
. Physically disabled people often use assistive devices such
as crutches, wheelchairs for mobility ease, artificial limbs, etc. To facilitate their mobility, this paper brings
forward the idea of moving the wheelchair with the help of brain signals.
There are many different wheelchair controlling methods available such as gesture, smart phone, voice,
Electroolfactogram (EOG), Electromyogram (EMG), joystick, eye tracking, breath etc., but these methods can be
efficiently used by strong people only. However, these systems are not easy to control because of the quick turn
may lead to more difficulty to control the wheelchair for old and disabled people.
Dry electrodes and Wet electrodes are the two types of EEG electrodes available in the market. Wet
electrodes give accurate results yet the setup takes more than 30 minutes [10]
. So dry electrodes are preferred for
small scale purpose. For EEG sensors, most popularly used sensor is Neurosky Mindwave sensor. In this paper,
FTnS EEG headband is used to capture EEG signals from brain. It sends signals via wireless, therefore it is easier
to use and more comfortable to wear. Brain produces electrical pulses from the millions of neurons communicating
with each other for transmitting information. These signals are known as brain waves. The brainwaves are
classified as alpha, beta, gamma, delta and theta on basis of the frequencies and their significances. The delta
waves (0.5 to 3 Hz), theta waves (3 to 8 Hz), alpha waves (8 to 12 Hz), beta waves (12 to 38 Hz) and gamma
waves (38 to 42 Hz) [2]
The EEG sensor measures the attention level and meditation level of the person. There are specific
combinations or montages for different types of brain waves according to our requirement. The wheelchair will
have the operations to go forward, reverse, to turn left, right and to stop. These five operations are the response to
the waves by processing the attention and meditation levels of human and the stressed forehead.
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The proposed paper is to assist their mobility, by moving the wheelchair with the help of brain signals.
This paper implements brain computer interface (BCI) technique. The BCI has applications in numerous fields
like medical, mind reading, remote controlling, games and many more. It is a system that obtains and inspects
neural (brain) signals with the aim of building a direct high-bandwidth communication medium between the brain
and the computer. The brain computer interface (BCI) is implemented in this paper to give the entire control of
the wheelchair through the "brain" of the user.
2. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF EEG
The Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brainwave of different frequencies from the brain Activities
are measured on the scalp. The Amplitude of the EEG is about 100 μV when measured on the scalp or brain. The
range of the signal is from 1 Hz to 50 Hz. EEG waveforms are categorized according to their frequency, amplitude,
and shape, as well as the sites on the scalp. There are different types of brainwaves such as Beta, Gamma, Delta,
Theta, etc. The existence of such waves are described in figure 1.
Fig. 1 Different Brain waves [18]
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
This system is basically providing a total remote access to the implemented wheelchair. The main entities
or blocks of this system are The EEG sensors, Arduino and the Wheelchair. The working of each of the block is
as follows:
Fig. 2 Block Diagram
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3.1.1 EEG Sensor:
The function of electrode sensor is to sense electric field changes due to the neural activities in the
different lobes of the brain when person’s body part moves. These field changes can also be sense even when a
person think soft his body part movement without moving actual body parts, just through imagination. More
probably, the range of brainwaves is from 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz. The EEG data captured with sampling rate 512Hz.
This EEG sensor made by three electrodes: Ground, Reference and EEG. This will basically extract the EEG
signals and pass on to the Arduino.
3.1.2 Microcontroller ATMega 328P:
A Brain Computer Interface or BCI system is a system which consists of various subsystems such as
Amplifiers, Analog to Digital converters (ADCs) and a Controller section. This system is used to process a raw
data or we can say a Brain signal and it will convert it into a control signal in order to control a wheelchair. This
all Processes are done by Arduino. And hence the wheelchair is being controlled from the control signals passed
on from Arduino.
3.1.3 Wheelchair Body:
Wheelchair body consists of a Chassis, a Battery, a Ball bearing, a motor driver circuit and two motors
for moving the wheelchair. As a control signal has come from BCI system, it is given to the motor driver circuit.
Motor driver circuit consists of a motor driver IC L293D which can drive two motors at a time. A battery of 9V
is used to provide power supply to motor driver circuit. Now according to the control signal which has come from
BCI system, the motor driver circuit will turn on the motors forming various movements like Forward, Reverse,
Left, Right and Stop with respect to the corresponding control signal. The ultrasonic sensor has been used for
obstacle detection.
3.2. FLOW CHART:
Description:
Initially it will check whether the device is connected or not. If the device is connected, then the device
will retrieve the data from FT&S mind link EEG sensor via Bluetooth module. This retrieved data will be
processed to generate or determine the mental command i.e. forward, reverse, left, right or stop. This determined
signals will be sent to the Arduino Uno and this will pass the control signals to the wheelchair. According to the
control signals received wheelchair operation will be performed. If the device is not connected, it will be in the
scanning mode. This process is continuously repeated.
Fig. 3 Flowchart
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4. RESULTS
Various results were obtained through different software. To achieve end result step by step process is
mandatory. Firstly, we observed different kinds of brain waves. From EEG sensor, two kinds of data is being
obtained; (a) Raw data (b) E-sense data. Here, E-sense data is being used and accordingly we developed our
motion algorithm.
Fig. 4 Results: (A) - Brainwave Visualizer Readings; (B) - Serial Monitor readings; (C) – Prototype
designing; (D) – Wheelchair prototype
The captured signals from FTnS sensor shows various attention and meditation levels. This levels have
been observed through Brainwave Visualizer software as shown in Fig. 4(A). Once the device is connected, the
attention and mediation levels gets varied according to the user in this software.
The direction of the wheelchair is being controlled using these levels and poor quality as shown in Fig.
4(B). If the attention level goes above 50 then the wheelchair will be in stop direction. And if the attention level
is below 50 then the wheelchair will move in forward direction. Similarly, if the meditation level is above 50 then
wheelchair will move in right direction; and if meditation level is below 50 then it will move in left direction.
The simple prototype was designed to verify and test the above conditions as shown in Fig. 4(C). This
algorithm worked well.
After testing all the parameters and testing conditions, project was implemented as shown in Fig. 4(D).
5. CONCLUSION
This paper is implemented for locomotive disabled people for their ease of mobility and hence reducing
dependency. Brain Computer Interface is the emerging technology in the field of Neuroscience. Hence a person
with locomotive disabilities or elder person can control the wheelchair without using any external body parts.
After seen by many patients who are suffering from paralysis attack. Since no use of voice control or
access through speech is used, the patient who is dumb or who cannot speak fully or partially can access and
control the wheelchair very easily. While taking the reverse action of the wheelchair, sometimes it is difficult to
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accidentally crash a wall or whatever entity is there, because the patient is partially paralyzed and cannot look
behind easily.
This paper implementing a backward obstacle detection sensor alarm. Hence if an object comes within a
10 meters’ range, the alarm will start ringing and patient can stop the wheelchair by sending corresponding control
signal. The scope of the paper was primarily to establish the motion through no physical movement on part of the
user and it has been successful in doing so but it has also laid a foundation for many applications which would
greatly improve the standard of life for all.
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[17] https://www.arduino.cc/
[18] https://www.mind-your-reality.com/brain_waves.html