L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx

•Download as PPTX, PDF•

0 likes•115 views

Recommended for you

Dr Brian Mutie on cost benefit analysis on extractives in Kenya

This document provides an overview of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and its application to natural resource management and extractive industries. It defines CBA as a framework that allows decision-makers to consider the trade-offs between alternative development options and determine if a community is better or worse off. The document outlines key aspects of conducting a CBA, including identifying and quantifying costs and benefits, assigning monetary values, accounting for timeframes and risks/uncertainties, and preparing a CBA report. The overall aim of CBA is to determine if the total benefits of a project or policy outweigh the total costs from an aggregate social welfare perspective.

•by Brian Mutie Ph.D.. (Governance)

Dr Brian Mutie on Cost Benefit Analysis on Extractives-CBA

•by Brian Mutie Ph.D.. (Governance)

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MANAGEMENT-Module.pptx

This document provides an overview of project appraisal and risk management for public-private partnerships (PPPs). It discusses the importance of the framework guiding PPP projects from identification through the project lifecycle. Key aspects of project appraisal covered include screening projects for PPP suitability, economic viability analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and risk assessment. The stages of the PPP process and differences between PPP and traditional procurement are also summarized.

•by kipkorirkoech5

Key Components of Cost-Benefit Analysis:
 Identification of Costs and Benefits:
 Identify and quantify all relevant costs and benefits associated with the project or policy
under consideration.
 Include direct and indirect costs, as well as tangible and intangible benefits.
 Monetization of Costs and Benefits:
 Express costs and benefits in monetary terms to facilitate comparison and aggregation.
 Use market prices, shadow prices, or valuation techniques to assign monetary values to
non-market goods and services.
02-07-2024
Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H
5

 Discounting and Time Preference:
 Discount future costs and benefits to account for the time value of money and
individuals' time preferences.
 Apply an appropriate discount rate to reflect the opportunity cost of capital and the
social rate of time preference.
 Sensitivity Analysis:
 Conduct sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of CBA results to changes in key
assumptions, parameters, or scenarios.
 Identify sources of uncertainty and variability in cost and benefit estimates and their
implications for decision-making.
02-07-2024
Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H
6

 Challenges and Considerations:
 Valuation of Intangible Benefits:
 Address challenges in valuing intangible benefits such as environmental quality,
quality, health improvements, and social well-being.
 Adopt appropriate valuation methods and techniques, such as contingent
valuation or stated preference surveys.
02-07-2024
Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H
7

 Distributional Impacts:
 Consider distributional impacts and equity concerns in CBA, including the
distribution of costs and benefits among different population groups or
regions.
 Incorporate equity considerations into project design and implementation to
mitigate adverse distributional effects.
 Ethical and Social Considerations:
 Recognize ethical considerations and social values in CBA, including
intergenerational equity, fairness, and social justice.
 Engage stakeholders in the CBA process to ensure their perspectives and
concerns are considered in decision-making.
02-07-2024
Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H
8

Recommended for you

Uttara Pal.pdf

This document provides information about cost estimating for engineering projects. It discusses the purpose and steps of cost estimating, including order of magnitude estimates, preliminary estimates, detailed estimates, and final estimates. It describes tools used for gathering costs like RS Means and contractor input. It also outlines types of costs that are considered, such as construction, operation, maintenance, and owner's costs. The overall purpose is to provide clients with accurate budget estimates for their engineering projects.

•by atibsarkar21

hm ee

Watkiss econadapt economics of adaptation

Expert Workshop on Adaptation Financing and Implementation, Putting Priorities into Practice in OECD Countries, Paris, 18-19 June, 2014

•by OECD Environment

financingadaptationeconadapt

Strategic cost management

Cost-benefit analysis is used to determine if a planned action will have positive or negative outcomes. It quantifies all the benefits and costs to calculate the net impact. Some key applications include deciding whether to hire additional staff, purchase new equipment, or invest cash. A proper cost-benefit analysis involves identifying and monetizing all relevant costs and benefits to help make efficient decisions.

•by Vaibhav Banjan

Similar to L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx

OECD-DAC-Standards-Maksud-Hasan-monitoring-and-evaluation.pptx

Save the Children

Monitoring Evaluation Accountability Learning is the key factor and fundamental for project management. OECD DAC standards and principles provide specific guidelines and benchmarks to carry out any evaluation in a quality manner. The OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) has defined six evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability – and two principles for their use. This is a knowledge-sharing initiative by Maksud Hasan.

SYEDA SABA ALI ASGHAR ABEDI.pptx

komal290510

This study evaluates project cost estimation techniques by analyzing their accuracy under different project conditions. The objectives are to assess the performance of various techniques, understand factors influencing estimation accuracy, and develop new approaches. The research methodology involves collecting primary and secondary data, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of survey data, and qualitative meta-synthesis of stakeholder interviews. Key findings suggest improving data quality, risk management, and integrating estimation with project management software. The conclusion is that accurate cost estimation is critical for project success and selecting the right techniques is important.

A Two-Dimension Evaluation of CSA Practices. Evaluating Practices by Indicato...

CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security

Dr Brian Mutie on cost benefit analysis on extractives in Kenya

Brian Mutie Ph.D.. (Governance)

Dr Brian Mutie on Cost Benefit Analysis on Extractives-CBA

Brian Mutie Ph.D.. (Governance)

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MANAGEMENT-Module.pptx

kipkorirkoech5

Uttara Pal.pdf

atibsarkar21

Watkiss econadapt economics of adaptation

OECD Environment

Strategic cost management

Vaibhav Banjan

Josh feldstein hopr (presentation)

jonblanck

The document discusses comparative cost effectiveness (CCE) modeling, which assesses the total costs and outcomes of different treatment options over a full episode of care. CCE modeling provides objective data on the complete economic impact of treatments and can help identify strategies to improve outcomes while reducing costs. The document outlines key definitions, challenges, and components of CCE modeling including collecting comprehensive clinical and cost data, developing decision models, and generating outputs to compare treatment value for different healthcare stakeholders.

Sangeeth minor project about customer

Sangeeth Nattika

This document is a project report submitted by Sangeeth A.S. for the partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report studies customer preference at Ambadi Regency hotel in Guruvayoor, Kerala. It includes sections on introduction and objectives, literature review, data analysis, findings, suggestions, and conclusion. The introduction provides background on customer preference and outlines the primary and secondary objectives of analyzing customer preference levels and identifying suggestions at Ambadi Regency.

From theory based policy evaluation to smart policy design: lessons learned f...

IEA DSM Implementing Agreement (IA)

The document summarizes the findings of the AID-EE project, which evaluated 20 energy efficiency policies across Europe. Key lessons learned include: objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound to guide policy; the impact of individual policies is difficult to isolate as most use packages with interacting instruments; and monitoring and evaluation have been a low priority, despite being important to determine policy effects and efficiency. A policy theory approach that defines clear objectives, indicators and expected relationships can help design, monitor and evaluate policies.

Chapter 6 valuation of environmental resources copy

aschalew shiferaw

The document provides an overview of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and techniques for valuing environmental resources. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences: The stages of CBA include defining the policy/project, identifying impacts, determining relevant economic impacts, quantifying impacts physically and monetarily, discounting costs and benefits, applying the net present value test, and conducting sensitivity analysis. Environmental valuation techniques include revealed preference methods like hedonic pricing and travel cost, and stated preference methods like contingent valuation and choice experiments. Total economic value of environmental goods includes use values like direct, indirect, and option values as well as non-use values like bequest and existence values.

Request for Proposals: Behavioral Economics Analysis for Agricultural Carbon ...

Sara Kroopf

Socio environmental risk managment

Luisa Nenci

Through the financial evaluation of parameters which represent the sustainability of the company together with the ethical understanding on how to implement these indicators, an ethical credit rating can be build to share the good governance of the bank with its clients and suppliers. This system will help companies and the investment community to evaluate how sustainability practices, and more inclusive stakeholder- oriented governance systems, could positively affect corporate performances

Finding Balance

University of New Mexico

The document summarizes a state-of-the-art review on program fidelity and adaptation in substance abuse prevention. It finds that balancing both program fidelity (how closely a program follows the developer's components) and adaptation (modifying components to fit local needs) is critical for successful implementation of science-based prevention programs. The review examined over 100 published and unpublished studies from the past 25 years. It concluded that attention to both fidelity and adaptation during the complex implementation process is important. It proposed initial guidelines and identified unresolved issues requiring further attention from program developers, implementers, funders, and policymakers to better understand and apply the lessons on balancing fidelity and adaptation.

ANALYSIS OF RISK CATEGORIES AND FACTORS FOR PPP PROJECTS USING ANALYTIC HIERA...

A Makwana

Success of Public Private Partnership projects is greatly influenced by proper management of the risks associated with the project. All projects which are undertaken using conventional procurement method or using a PPP approach have known risks and unknown risks. Risk identification plays an important role in development of PPP framework. The participation and investment of Private sector has been the main stay of the Government of India policy toward infrastructural growth. In this study main risk categories and factors of Public Private Partnership projects have been recognized. A total of 7 risk categories and 31 risk sub-factors for each category were identified for PPP projects safety listed under subheads. The questionnaire was prepared on the basis of literature review and was filled by 100 Stakeholders namely Consultant/Client, Project Manager/ Contractor, Engineer. Generally Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is widely used as multi criteria decision making. Normally it is very hard to meet the consistence need of a comparison matrix in analytic hierarchy process. In this study AHP is used to categories the risks of PPP projects in different levels and the impact of those risks on the PPP projects are identified.

CRITICAL PATHWAY FOR NURSING ADMINISTRATION.

VIKRANT KULTHE

EIA process

Dr. Rjaendra Singh Thakur

This document outlines the principles of environmental impact assessment (EIA) best practices. It is organized into two main parts. Part 1 describes the purpose, aims, and approach used to develop the principles. The principles are intended to provide guidance to those involved in applying EIA processes. Part 2 presents the definition of EIA as identifying, predicting, evaluating, and mitigating environmental effects prior to major decisions. It lists the objectives of EIA and introduces the basic and operating principles, which include transparency, participation, practicality, and applying EIA early in decision making.

sustainability-13-12121-v2.pdf

SubodhKumar707111

This document discusses eco-efficiency assessment models and presents a methodology for selecting the appropriate model. It begins with an introduction to eco-efficiency and a literature review that identified 40 articles describing eco-efficiency assessment models. The document then proposes an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based procedure for choosing the best model for a given application based on predefined criteria. It applies the AHP methodology to a numerical example to demonstrate how to implement the selection process.

Similar to L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx (20)

OECD-DAC-Standards-Maksud-Hasan-monitoring-and-evaluation.pptx

SYEDA SABA ALI ASGHAR ABEDI.pptx

A Two-Dimension Evaluation of CSA Practices. Evaluating Practices by Indicato...

Dr Brian Mutie on cost benefit analysis on extractives in Kenya

Dr Brian Mutie on Cost Benefit Analysis on Extractives-CBA

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MANAGEMENT-Module.pptx

Uttara Pal.pdf

Watkiss econadapt economics of adaptation

Strategic cost management

Josh feldstein hopr (presentation)

Sangeeth minor project about customer

From theory based policy evaluation to smart policy design: lessons learned f...

Chapter 6 valuation of environmental resources copy

Request for Proposals: Behavioral Economics Analysis for Agricultural Carbon ...

Socio environmental risk managment

Finding Balance

ANALYSIS OF RISK CATEGORIES AND FACTORS FOR PPP PROJECTS USING ANALYTIC HIERA...

CRITICAL PATHWAY FOR NURSING ADMINISTRATION.

EIA process

sustainability-13-12121-v2.pdf

Recently uploaded

OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf

Muanisa Waras

OCS Training Institute is pleased to co-operate with a Global provider of Rig Inspection/Audits, Commission-ing, Compliance & Acceptance as well as & Engineering for Offshore Drilling Rigs, to deliver Drilling Rig Inspec-tion Workshops (RIW) which teaches the inspection & maintenance procedures required to ensure equipment integrity. Candidates learn to implement the relevant standards & understand industry requirements so that they can verify the condition of a rig’s equipment & improve safety, thus reducing the number of accidents and protecting the asset.

SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...

Jim Mimlitz, P.E.

Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx

Tool and Die Tech

How to Manage Internal Notes in Odoo 17 POS

Celine George

Social media management system project report.pdf

Kamal Acharya

The project "Social Media Platform in Object-Oriented Modeling" aims to design and model a robust and scalable social media platform using object-oriented modeling principles. In the age of digital communication, social media platforms have become indispensable for connecting people, sharing content, and fostering online communities. However, their complex nature requires meticulous planning and organization.This project addresses the challenge of creating a feature-rich and user-friendly social media platform by applying key object-oriented modeling concepts. It entails the identification and definition of essential objects such as "User," "Post," "Comment," and "Notification," each encapsulating specific attributes and behaviors. Relationships between these objects, such as friendships, content interactions, and notifications, are meticulously established.The project emphasizes encapsulation to maintain data integrity, inheritance for shared behaviors among objects, and polymorphism for flexible content handling. Use case diagrams depict user interactions, while sequence diagrams showcase the flow of interactions during critical scenarios. Class diagrams provide an overarching view of the system's architecture, including classes, attributes, and methods .By undertaking this project, we aim to create a modular, maintainable, and user-centric social media platform that adheres to best practices in object-oriented modeling. Such a platform will offer users a seamless and secure online social experience while facilitating future enhancements and adaptability to changing user needs.

GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf

ProexportColombia1

Online music portal management system project report.pdf

Kamal Acharya

The iMMS is a unique application that is synchronizing both user experience and copyrights while providing services like online music management, legal downloads, artists’ management. There are several other applications available in the market that either provides some specific services or large scale integrated solutions. Our product differs from the rest in a way that we give more power to the users remaining within the copyrights circle.

kiln burning and kiln burner system for clinker

hamedmustafa094

21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY

PradeepKumarSK3

Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...

IJAEMSJORNAL

This study aimed to profile the coffee shops in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, to develop a standardized checklist for aspiring entrepreneurs. The researchers surveyed 10 coffee shop owners in the municipality of Talavera. Through surveys, the researchers delved into the Owner's Demographic, Business details, Financial Requirements, and other requirements needed to consider starting up a coffee shop. Furthermore, through accurate analysis, the data obtained from the coffee shop owners are arranged to derive key insights. By analyzing this data, the study identifies best practices associated with start-up coffee shops’ profitability in Talavera. These findings were translated into a standardized checklist outlining essential procedures including the lists of equipment needed, financial requirements, and the Traditional and Social Media Marketing techniques. This standardized checklist served as a valuable tool for aspiring and existing coffee shop owners in Talavera, streamlining operations, ensuring consistency, and contributing to business success.

PMSM-Motor-Control : A research about FOC

itssurajthakur06

Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames

Sinan KOZAK

In the realm of Android development, the main thread is our stage, but too often, it becomes a battleground where performance issues arise, leading to ANRS, frozen frames, and sluggish Uls. As we strive for excellence in user experience, understanding and optimizing the main thread becomes essential to prevent these common perforrmance bottlenecks. We have strategies and best practices for keeping the main thread uncluttered. We'll examine the root causes of performance issues and techniques for monitoring and improving main thread health as wel as app performance. In this talk, participants will walk away with practical knowledge on enhancing app performance by mastering the main thread. We'll share proven approaches to eliminate real-life ANRS and frozen frames to build apps that deliver butter smooth experience.

Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval

KishorMahale5

Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration

PriyankaKarn3

This was our 9th Sem Design Studio Project, introduced as Conservation of Taksar Bazar, Bhojpur, an ancient city famous for Taksar- Making Coins. Taksar Bazaar has a civilization of Newars shifted from Patan, with huge socio-economic and cultural significance having a settlement of about 300 years. But in the present scenario, Taksar Bazar has lost its charm and importance, due to various reasons like, migration, unemployment, shift of economic activities to Bhojpur and many more. The scenario was so pityful that when we went to make inventories, take survey and study the site, the people and the context, we barely found any youth of our age! Many houses were vacant, the earthquake devasted and ruined heritages. Conservation of those heritages, ancient marvels,a nd history was in dire need, so we proposed the Conservation of Taksar through economic regeneration because the lack of economy was the main reason for the people to leave the settlement and the reason for the overall declination.

21CV61- Module 3 (CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP.pptx

sanabts249

Trends in Computer Aided Design and MFG.

Tool and Die Tech

Lecture 3 Biomass energy...............ppt

RujanTimsina1

CCS367-STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION BANK.doc

Dss

Lecture 6 - The effect of Corona effect in Power systems.pdf

peacekipu

Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap

Rafael Santos

Encontro anual da comunidade Splunk, onde discutimos todas as novidades apresentadas na conferência anual da Spunk, a .conf24 realizada em junho deste ano em Las Vegas. Neste vídeo, trago os pontos chave do encontro, como: - AI Assistant para uso junto com a SPL - SPL2 para uso em Data Pipelines - Ingest Processor - Enterprise Security 8.0 (Maior atualização deste seu release) - Federated Analytics - Integração com Cisco XDR e Cisto Talos - E muito mais. Deixo ainda, alguns links com relatórios e conteúdo interessantes que podem ajudar no esclarecimento dos produtos e funções. https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/the-hidden-costs-of-downtime.html https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-leading-observability-practice.pdf https://www.splunk.com/en_us/pdfs/gated/ebooks/building-a-modern-security-program.pdf Nosso grupo oficial da Splunk: https://usergroups.splunk.com/sao-paulo-splunk-user-group/

Recently uploaded (20)

OCS Training - Rig Equipment Inspection - Advanced 5 Days_IADC.pdf

SCADAmetrics Instrumentation for Sensus Water Meters - Core and Main Training...

Vernier Caliper and How to use Vernier Caliper.ppsx

How to Manage Internal Notes in Odoo 17 POS

Social media management system project report.pdf

GUIA_LEGAL_CHAPTER_4_FOREIGN TRADE CUSTOMS.pdf

Online music portal management system project report.pdf

kiln burning and kiln burner system for clinker

21EC63_Module1B.pptx VLSI design 21ec63 MOS TRANSISTOR THEORY

Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...

PMSM-Motor-Control : A research about FOC

Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames

Unit 1 Information Storage and Retrieval

Conservation of Taksar through Economic Regeneration

21CV61- Module 3 (CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP.pptx

Trends in Computer Aided Design and MFG.

Lecture 3 Biomass energy...............ppt

CCS367-STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES QUESTION BANK.doc

Lecture 6 - The effect of Corona effect in Power systems.pdf

Evento anual Splunk .conf24 Highlights recap

L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx

1. Cost Benefit Analysis 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 1

2. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)  Objective: To understand the principles, methods, and applications of cost-benefit analysis in evaluating the economic efficiency and desirability of projects or policies.  Introduction:  Definition of cost-benefit analysis and its role in decision-making processes related to public investments, policies, and projects.  Explanation of why CBA is considered a valuable tool for assessing the net societal benefits of alternative courses of action. 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 2

3.  Resource Allocation:  Assist decision-makers in allocating scarce resources efficiently by comparing the costs and benefits of competing projects or policy options.  Prioritize investments and interventions that yield the highest net benefits to society.  Risk Management:  Identify and quantify potential costs, benefits, and risks associated with projects or policies.  Inform risk mitigation strategies and contingency planning to minimize adverse outcomes. 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 3

4.  Accountability and Transparency:  Enhance accountability and transparency in decision-making by providing a systematic and rigorous framework for evaluating projects or policies.  Enable stakeholders to assess the rationale and justification for investment decisions based on objective criteria. 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 4

5. Key Components of Cost-Benefit Analysis:  Identification of Costs and Benefits:  Identify and quantify all relevant costs and benefits associated with the project or policy under consideration.  Include direct and indirect costs, as well as tangible and intangible benefits.  Monetization of Costs and Benefits:  Express costs and benefits in monetary terms to facilitate comparison and aggregation.  Use market prices, shadow prices, or valuation techniques to assign monetary values to non-market goods and services. 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 5

6.  Discounting and Time Preference:  Discount future costs and benefits to account for the time value of money and individuals' time preferences.  Apply an appropriate discount rate to reflect the opportunity cost of capital and the social rate of time preference.  Sensitivity Analysis:  Conduct sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of CBA results to changes in key assumptions, parameters, or scenarios.  Identify sources of uncertainty and variability in cost and benefit estimates and their implications for decision-making. 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 6

7.  Challenges and Considerations:  Valuation of Intangible Benefits:  Address challenges in valuing intangible benefits such as environmental quality, quality, health improvements, and social well-being.  Adopt appropriate valuation methods and techniques, such as contingent valuation or stated preference surveys. 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 7

8.  Distributional Impacts:  Consider distributional impacts and equity concerns in CBA, including the distribution of costs and benefits among different population groups or regions.  Incorporate equity considerations into project design and implementation to mitigate adverse distributional effects.  Ethical and Social Considerations:  Recognize ethical considerations and social values in CBA, including intergenerational equity, fairness, and social justice.  Engage stakeholders in the CBA process to ensure their perspectives and concerns are considered in decision-making. 02-07-2024 Dr.P.VIGNESH KUMAR,PROFESSOR IN CHEMISTRY,DEPARTMENT OF S&H 8

L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx

Related slideshows

Recommended for you

Recommended for you

More Related Content

Similar to L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx

Similar to L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

L-3536-Cost Benifit Analysis in ESIA.pptx