1) The document discusses organizing test teams and roles within test teams. It notes that test teams can have varying degrees of independence from development teams. Independent testing allows for objective quality assessments.
2) The roles of test leader and tester are described. A test leader plans and manages the testing process, while testers perform tasks like creating test cases and executing tests.
3) Effective testing requires staff with skills in the application domain, testing technologies, and testing practices. Teams often specialize in certain skill areas like test automation. However, too much focus on technology or the application domain over testing skills can undermine test quality.
This document discusses test management and summarizes key points about organizing testing efforts. It covers organizing testers on a test team and defining roles for test leaders and testers. It emphasizes the importance of independent testing and discusses how testing should be integrated within an organization. The document also outlines skills needed for testers, including application domain knowledge, technology knowledge, and testing knowledge. Finally, it notes that the types of defects found will change over time, initially finding more bugs as testing improves before focusing on preventing defects earlier in the development process.
This document discusses test organization and management. It describes different approaches to organizing testing teams, including project organization, line organization, and staff organization. The modern approach is to have small, self-contained teams that integrate all design, development, maintenance, and operations tasks. This "whole-team" or DevOps approach blends project and line organizations. The document also discusses roles like test leaders and testers, and the skills needed for testing, including knowledge of applications, technology, and testing practices. It notes that testing effort is influenced by factors like documentation, quality characteristics, and complexity.
The document discusses various topics related to test management, including independent and integrated testing, defining skills needed for test staff, test plans and estimation strategies. It provides details on creating standard test plan templates, estimating testing time and costs using both expert opinion and metrics-based techniques, and the roles and responsibilities of test leaders.
The document discusses test organization and the skills needed for testing. It describes approaches to organizing a test team, with the goal of creating independence so testers can objectively assess quality. Total independence is on a continuum, with no single right approach. Later levels of testing, like integration and system testing, often benefit most from independence. The roles of test leaders and testers are outlined, with test leaders planning testing and testers executing tests. Three main skill areas for testers are discussed: understanding the application domain, technology, and testing topics. Independence is important but must be effectively managed to avoid resentment or causing more problems than solving.
This document discusses various topics related to test management. It covers independent and integrated testing, the roles of test leaders and testers, defining the skills test staff need, test plans and estimates, configuration management, risk and testing, and incident management. The document provides information on each of these topics in 1-3 paragraphs per section to outline the key aspects and considerations for test management.
The document discusses various topics related to test management, including organizing test teams, independent and integrated testing, test plans, estimates and strategies, test progress monitoring and control, configuration management, risks and testing, and incident management. Specifically, it examines the roles of test leaders and testers, factors that influence test estimates, selecting test strategies, using configuration management to deliver proper test releases, considering likelihood and impact to assess risk levels, and writing incident reports to log unexpected test results.
This document discusses test management. It covers organizing test teams, the roles of test leaders and testers, defining necessary skills for test staff, and managing risks through testing. It notes that test teams can be independent or integrated and discusses balancing independence with objectivity. It also outlines the tasks of test leaders and testers during project planning, preparation, and execution phases. Finally, it discusses identifying and prioritizing different types of risks, such as product risks and project risks, that testing aims to manage.
The document describes the fundamental test process, which includes test planning, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It discusses the main tasks for each part of the test process, including determining test scope and objectives, designing test cases, implementing tests, executing tests, and evaluating results. The document provides details on the activities involved in test planning, analysis and design, and implementation and execution.
This document discusses test management and organizing testing efforts. It covers six key areas: organizing testers and testing, estimating and planning the test effort, monitoring test progress and reporting, configuration management, managing risks related to testing, and managing incidents found during testing. It describes the importance of independent testing and outlines the roles of test leaders and testers. Test leaders plan and oversee the testing process while testers help define test cases and execute tests. The document emphasizes that skills in the application domain, technology used, and testing practices are important for test staff. Over time, as testing improves, the nature of defects found changes from coding bugs to requirements and design issues, and process improvements help prevent defects earlier.
This document summarizes key topics in test management. It discusses organizing test teams, including the benefits of independent testing. It describes typical roles for test leaders and testers, and the skills needed on the test team, including application domain knowledge, technology knowledge, and testing knowledge. It also discusses how the types of defects found change over time, initially finding more defects as testing improves, then seeing fewer defects as prevention increases.
This document discusses test management and organizing testing efforts. It covers establishing independent testing teams and the benefits of independence. It describes typical roles for test leaders and testers, including their responsibilities in planning, designing, and executing tests. It also outlines important skills for test staff, such as understanding the application domain, technology, and testing practices. Finally, it notes that the types of defects found change over time as testing improves, requiring teams to shift their focus to new risk areas.
Fundamental of testing (Test Management)CindyYuristie
This document discusses test management and summarizes key points about organizing testing efforts. It covers organizing testers on a test team and defining roles for test leaders and testers. It emphasizes the importance of independent testing and discusses how testing should be integrated within an organization. The document also outlines skills needed for testers, including application domain knowledge, technology knowledge, and testing knowledge. Finally, it notes that the types of defects found will change over time, initially finding more bugs as testing improves before focusing on preventing defects earlier in the development process.
This document discusses test organization and management. It describes different approaches to organizing testing teams, including project organization, line organization, and staff organization. The modern approach is to have small, self-contained teams that integrate all design, development, maintenance, and operations tasks. This "whole-team" or DevOps approach blends project and line organizations. The document also discusses roles like test leaders and testers, and the skills needed for testing, including knowledge of applications, technology, and testing practices. It notes that testing effort is influenced by factors like documentation, quality characteristics, and complexity.
The document discusses various topics related to test management, including independent and integrated testing, defining skills needed for test staff, test plans and estimation strategies. It provides details on creating standard test plan templates, estimating testing time and costs using both expert opinion and metrics-based techniques, and the roles and responsibilities of test leaders.
The document discusses test organization and the skills needed for testing. It describes approaches to organizing a test team, with the goal of creating independence so testers can objectively assess quality. Total independence is on a continuum, with no single right approach. Later levels of testing, like integration and system testing, often benefit most from independence. The roles of test leaders and testers are outlined, with test leaders planning testing and testers executing tests. Three main skill areas for testers are discussed: understanding the application domain, technology, and testing topics. Independence is important but must be effectively managed to avoid resentment or causing more problems than solving.
This document discusses various topics related to test management. It covers independent and integrated testing, the roles of test leaders and testers, defining the skills test staff need, test plans and estimates, configuration management, risk and testing, and incident management. The document provides information on each of these topics in 1-3 paragraphs per section to outline the key aspects and considerations for test management.
The document discusses various topics related to test management, including organizing test teams, independent and integrated testing, test plans, estimates and strategies, test progress monitoring and control, configuration management, risks and testing, and incident management. Specifically, it examines the roles of test leaders and testers, factors that influence test estimates, selecting test strategies, using configuration management to deliver proper test releases, considering likelihood and impact to assess risk levels, and writing incident reports to log unexpected test results.
This document discusses test management. It covers organizing test teams, the roles of test leaders and testers, defining necessary skills for test staff, and managing risks through testing. It notes that test teams can be independent or integrated and discusses balancing independence with objectivity. It also outlines the tasks of test leaders and testers during project planning, preparation, and execution phases. Finally, it discusses identifying and prioritizing different types of risks, such as product risks and project risks, that testing aims to manage.
The document describes the fundamental test process, which includes test planning, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It discusses the main tasks for each part of the test process, including determining test scope and objectives, designing test cases, implementing tests, executing tests, and evaluating results. The document provides details on the activities involved in test planning, analysis and design, and implementation and execution.
This document describes the fundamental test process, which includes test planning, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It discusses the main tasks for each part of the test process, including determining test scope and objectives, developing test cases and procedures, prioritizing and executing tests, and using exit criteria to determine when testing is complete. The document provides examples and details for each step in the testing process.
This document discusses test management. It covers test organization, with independent and integrated testing approaches. It also discusses test plans, estimates, and strategies. Test plans outline the testing work and have three main reasons: to guide the testing work, demonstrate that appropriate testing was done, and help management make decisions. Estimating testing involves breaking it down into phases, activities, and tasks. Defining the skills needed for testers includes understanding the application domain, technology, and testing topics.
This document describes the fundamental test process, which includes test planning, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluation of exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It discusses the main tasks for each part of the test process, including determining test scope and objectives, designing test cases, developing and prioritizing test cases, creating test data, and executing tests. The document also introduces some common testing terms.
This document discusses testing throughout the software development life cycle. It describes the V-model approach, which involves testing beginning early in the development process and continuing through later stages. The V-model includes four main test levels - component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing - each with their own objectives to verify and validate different parts or the overall system. Testing activities should be carried out in parallel with development and involve collaboration between testers and developers.
This document describes the fundamental test process, which includes test planning, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It provides details on the main tasks for each part of the test process, such as determining test scope and objectives, designing test cases, executing tests, assessing if testing goals have been met, and finalizing and archiving test materials for future use. The overall process aims to systematically test software through a planned sequence of activities to uncover defects and ensure quality.
The document describes the fundamental test process, which consists of five main activities:
1) Test planning and control involves determining test objectives, approach, resources, and exit criteria.
2) Test analysis and design takes the test objectives and develops test conditions, cases, and procedures.
3) Test implementation and execution develops testware, executes test cases, and logs results.
4) Evaluating exit criteria assesses if testing is complete based on criteria like coverage.
5) Test closure activities include resolving issues, archiving testware, and evaluating lessons learned.
This document describes the fundamental test process, which includes test planning and control, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It discusses the main tasks for each part of the test process, including determining test scope and objectives, developing a test approach and schedule, designing test cases, prioritizing and implementing test cases, executing tests, and evaluating whether exit criteria are met. The goal is to provide a structured approach to testing at all levels from component to system testing.
In this section, we will describe the fundamental test process and activities. These start with test planning and continue through to test closure. For each part of the test process, we'll discuss the main tasks of each test activity.
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This document discusses various types of software testing tools. It begins by explaining that while no tool can fully automate testing, tools can significantly help with different testing activities. It then categorizes and describes different types of tools, including test management tools, requirements management tools, incident/defect tracking tools, configuration management tools, review process support tools, static analysis tools, and modeling tools. For each type of tool, it provides examples of common features and functions they provide to support testing.
1) Testing occurs throughout the software development life cycle and is organized based on the life cycle model used, such as the waterfall or V-model.
2) There are multiple levels of testing including component, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Each level has specific objectives such as verifying components or validating user needs.
3) Iterative life cycle models, like RAD and agile development, involve multiple shorter development phases with corresponding testing activities in each phase.
The document discusses different software testing techniques. It describes static techniques, which do not execute code, and dynamic techniques, which are divided into specification-based, structure-based, and experience-based categories. Specification-based techniques include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, and state transition testing. Structure-based techniques use internal software structure to derive test cases. Experience-based techniques leverage people's knowledge and skills. The document provides examples and details of equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis techniques.
Static testing techniques like reviews can improve both the quality and productivity of software development. The objectives of static testing are to improve software quality by helping engineers find and fix defects early. While static testing won't solve all problems, it is very effective at finding certain types of defects without executing the software. Organizations should consider using reviews of requirements, design, code, testing and maintenance work products to gain these benefits.
1) The document discusses the importance of testing software for defects that can cause failures and harm. It defines key terms like mistake, defect, fault, failure, error, and bug.
2) Defects can arise during various stages of software development like requirements, design, coding, and use. Testing is important for finding defects and ensuring quality.
3) The costs of defects increase substantially the later they are found. Thorough testing can provide confidence in a software system's quality by identifying defects.
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Test management
1. Test Management
Emi Rizki Ayunanda
11453201739
Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
Oleh :
2. TEST ORGANIZATION
In this section, let's talk about organizing a test effort
within a project. We'll look at the value of independent testing, and
discuss the potential benefits and risks associated with
independent testing. We will examine the various types of different
test team members we might want on a test team. And we'll
familiarize ourselves with the typical tasks performed by test
leaders and testers.
As we go through this section, keep your eyes open for
the glossary terms tester, test leader and test manager.
3. TEST
ORGANIZATION
The approaches to organizing a test team vary, as
do the places in the organ- ization structure where the test
team fits. Since testing is an assessment of quality, and
since that assessment is not always positive, many
organizations strive to create an organizational climate
where testers can deliver an inde- pendent, objective
assessment of quality.
When thinking about how independent the test
team is, recognize that inde- pendence is not an either/or
condition, but a continuum. At one end of the continuum lies
the absence of independence, where the programmer
performs testing within the programming team.
1) Independent and Integrated Testing
4. TEST
ORGANIZATION
Moving toward independence, you find an integrated
tester or group of testers working alongside the programmers, but
still within and reporting to the development manager. You might
find a team of testers who are independ- ent and outside the
development team, but reporting to project management.
Near the other end of the continuum lies complete independence.
You might see a separate test team reporting into the
organization at a point equal to the development or project team.
You might find specialists in the business domain (such as users
of the system), specialists in technology (such as data- base
experts), and specialists in testing (such as security testers,
certification testers, or test automation experts) in a separate test
team, as part of a larger independent test team, or as part of a
contract, outsourced test team. Let's examine the potential
benefits and risks of independence, starting with the benefits.
1) Independent and Integrated Testing
5. 2) Working as a test leader
We have seen that the location of a test team
within a project organization can vary widely. Similarly there
is wide variation in the roles that people within the test team
play. Some of these roles occur frequently, some
infrequently. Two roles that are found within many test teams
are those of the test leader and the tester, though the same
people may play both roles at various points during the
project. Let's take a look at the work done in these roles,
starting with the test leader.
6. TEST
ORGANIZATION
As with test leaders, projects should include testers at
the outset, though it is often the case that project doesn't need a
full complement of testers until the test execution period. In the
planning and preparation phases of the testing, testers should
review and contribute to test plans, as well as analyzing, review-
ing and assessing requirements and design specifications. They
may be involved in or even be the primary people identifying test
conditions and cre- ating test designs, test cases, test procedure
specifications and test data, and may automate or help to
automate the tests. They often set up the test envi- ronments or
assist system administration and network management staff in
doing so.
3) Working as a tester
7. 4) Defining the skills test staff need
Doing testing properly requires more than defining
the right positions and number of people for those positions.
Good test teams have the right mix of skills based on the
tasks and activities they need to carry out, and people
outside the test team who are in charge of test tasks need the
right skills, too. People involved in testing need basic
professional and social qualifications such as literacy, the
ability to prepare and deliver written and verbal reports, the
ability to communicate effectively, and so on. Going beyond
that, when we think of the skills that testers need, three main
areas come to mind:
8. 4) Defining the skills test staff need
Application or business domain: A tester must understand
the intended behavior, the problem the system will solve,
the process it will automate and so forth, in order to spot
improper behavior while testing and recognize the 'must
work' functions and features.
Technology: A tester must be aware of issues, limitations
and capabilities of the chosen implementation technology,
in order to effectively and effi ciently locate problems and
recognize the 'likely to fail' functions and features.
Testing: A tester must know the testing topics discussed
in this book - and often more advanced testing topics - in
order to effectively and efficiently carry out the test tasks
assigned.
9. 4) Defining the skills test staff need
The specific skills in each area and the level of
skill required vary by project, organization, application, and
the risks involved.
The set of testing tasks and activities are many
and varied, and so too are the skills required, so we often see
specialization of skills and separation of roles. For example,
due to the special knowledge required in the areas of testing,
technology and business domain, respectively, test tool
experts may handle automating the regression tests,
programmers may perform compo- nent and integration tests
and users and operators may be involved in acceptance
tests.
10. 4) Defining the skills test staff need
We have long advocated pervasive testing, the
involvement of people throughout the project team in carrying
out testing tasks. Let us close this section, though, on a
cautionary note. Software and system companies (e.g.,
producers of shrink-wrapped software and consumer
products) typi- cally overestimate the technology knowledge
required to be an effective tester. Businesses that use
information technology (e.g., banks and insur- ance
companies) typically overestimate the business domain
knowledge needed.
11. 4) Defining the skills test staff need
All types of projects tend to underestimate the
testing knowledge required. We have seen a project fail in
part because people without proper testing skills tested
critical components, leading to the disastrous discovery of
fundamental architectural problems later. Most projects can
benefit from the participation of professional testers, as
amateur testing alone will usually not suffice.