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Performance Implications of Mobile Design




Guy Podjarny
@guypod
guy@akamai.com
http://blaze.io/blog/
                                          Akamai Confidential
Good Morning!




                Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Agenda

• Performance Matters!
• Focus on top Mobile Design Paradigms
 • A bit on Dedicates Sites (mdot)
 • A lot on Responsive Web Design
• Review Performance each Paradigm
 • Dig into the top performance problem
 • Show what went wrong
 • Discuss how you can fix it
• Share tools that can help
 • And how to use them
• Summary
                               Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Who Am I #1: Ex-CTO of Blaze.io (now Akamai)




                           Faster ForwardTM    ©2012 Akamai

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Mot cph when its just too slow
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This document discusses mobile application performance testing. It begins by explaining how fast is perceived by humans, with 100ms seen as instant, 1s as an acceptable delay, and 10s as the limit to maintain focus. It then discusses various performance studies showing user frustration and abandonment rates related to load speeds. The document goes on to describe benchmarking applications, identifying fixes, optimizing through various techniques, and retesting. Specific areas covered in more depth include optimizing images through size, quality, format, caching and lazy loading. Other topics include content delivery networks, animating GIFs, and network information.

Who Am I #2: Blaze Mobitest

• Mobile Web Performance Measurement
 • Free Online Service: http://akamai.com/mobitest/
• Now Open-Source!
 • For more details: http://bit.ly/open-source-mobitest




                                   Faster ForwardTM       ©2012 Akamai
Who Am I #3: Mobile Performance Researcher

http://blaze.io/blog/




                          Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Some

        Terminology



       Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Dedicated Sites (mdot)

             URL/Website Per Device Profile
 m.walmart.com                               www.walmart.com




                          Faster ForwardTM                     ©2012 Akamai

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This document provides tips for optimizing images for fast loading on mobile websites. It discusses how image size, quality, format, caching, and lazy loading can significantly impact performance. Specific techniques recommended include resizing images to appropriate screen sizes, using formats like WebP and SVG that compress well, lazy loading images below the fold, and adding responsive breakpoints to serve optimized images for different devices. Benchmarking tools are suggested for testing image performance in various scenarios. The overall message is that with the right optimizations, images can load quickly without sacrificing quality.

Responsive Web Design

          One URL, Adapt to screen size
                  http://mediaqueri.es/mq/




                          Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Mobile First & Desktop First included in RWD


                             Mobile First
                     (Progressive Enhancement)


    Desktop First
(Graceful Degradation)




                          Faster ForwardTM     ©2012 Akamai
Waterfall Charts
                             Resource             Doc Complete,
   Waterfall                 (Request/Response)   (a.k.a. onload,
   Chart           Start Render                   Load Time)




                            Faster ForwardTM              ©2012 Akamai
Please don‟t hate me…

• I use real world examples
 • Possibly written by you…
• Constructive feedback != bashing
 • These are common mistakes
 • We should learn from them
• I tried to spread the blame
 • Plenty of sites to choose from…
• If you fix it, let me know!
 • I‟ll spread the word




                                     Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai

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Performance Matters!




                       Akamai Confidential
Users Expect Fast Sites




                                                  Source:
                                                  Akamai


                          Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Users Abandon Slow Sites
               Page Abandonment vs. Load Time




                                                    Source:
                                                KISS Metrics


                           Faster ForwardTM      ©2012 Akamai
Fast Sites Help Bottom Lines
              Shopzilla: 5 sec load time improvement




                                                         Source:
                                                        Shopzilla


                               Faster ForwardTM        ©2012 Akamai

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Mobile Users Expect Equal Speeds




                                              Source: Gomez
                           Faster ForwardTM       ©2012 Akamai
Dedicated Sites (mdot)




                         Akamai Confidential
Mdot



   Dedicated Sites don‟t
 create new performance
         problems
              Still have old problems,
       but that‟s not related to mobile design


                       Faster ForwardTM          ©2012 Akamai
Small Mobile Site, Small Waterfall Chart




www.cnn.com , iPhone 4, iOS 5.0




                                  Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai

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Big Desktop/Tablet Site, Big Waterfall Chart




                www.cnn.com
                  iPad 2
                   iOS 5




                              Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Dedicated Sites Top Performance Problem


                 Redirects



   m.
                                            www.


                         Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Redirects are expensive!
www.espn.com
2 redirects, 1.3 seconds lost




                            Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Late Redirect using scripts are even slower

www.disney.com
2 redirects + JS Redirect, 3 seconds lost




                             Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai

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Could get nasty

www.garmin.com
3 redirects + JS Redirect, 3.6 seconds lost




                           Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Redirects – What To Do?

• Minimize Redirects
 • Merge redirect chains
• Use HTTP Redirects, not JS redirects
 • Keep the client-side detection as backup
 • Detect most devices server-side
• Cache HTTP Redirects on the CDN
 • Makes the extra round trip shorter
• Use HTTP 301 Redirect, with a future Expiry
 • 302/303/307 redirects are not cached by the browser
 • Good test page (by @souders): http://bit.ly/redirect-cache-test

                             Faster ForwardTM                ©2012 Akamai
Responsive Web Design




                        Akamai Confidential
Responsive Web Design



 Responsive Web Design
    Top Performance
       Problem:
   Over-Downloading

                        Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai

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• Data:
 • 347 Sites from http://mediaqueri.es/
• Testing Methodology:
 • Use http://webpagetest.org/
 • Use Chrome browser
 • Resize window before each measurement
  •Resolutions: 320x480, 480x960, 1024x768, 1600x1200
 • Saw similar results with iPhone vs. iPad tests
• Collect Results
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(Automated version of Jason Grigsby‟s test last year)
                                                        ©
                                  Faster ForwardTM      ©2012 Akamai
Responsive Sites Load Times & Size, by Resolution

    Load Time* by Resolution (ms)
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
  500
    0
                                                        Page Size by Resolution (KB)
                                              1,200
                                              1,000
                                                800
                                                600
                                                400
                                                200
                                                  0




* Over Cable Speed
(5 Mbps down, 1 Mbps up, 28ms RTT)

                                     Faster ForwardTM                           ©2012 Akamai
Small Screen = Less Visible Content != Less Bytes




         320x48                              1600x120
         0                                   0




                          Faster ForwardTM              ©2012 Akamai
Some depressing stats…
Page Size                                                  10 Got Lucky
 320x480                              A Bit Smaller            (BG
                                          11%              Image, Fonts,
    vs                                                          …)
1600x1200

                                                  Much
                                                 Smaller
                                                   3%
          Same Size
            86%



                                                           1 Responsive
                                                              Images
A bit smaller = 50%-90% the size
Much smaller = <50% the size
                              Faster ForwardTM                             ©2012 Akamai

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                          1600x120
                          0




                          Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Small Site, Big Waterfall

                            320x480




                            Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Download and Hide

Rich Side-bar,
holds ads and more




                                         Display set to none


                      Faster ForwardTM                 ©2012 Akamai
Hidden content is still downloaded

                                              Display set to none,
                                              resources are still
                                              downloaded!




                           Faster ForwardTM                   ©2012 Akamai

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Download and Shrink


        Smaller Screen,
        Same Size Image




                      Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Media queries don‟t prevent CSS downloads

                                                        Separate CSS
                                                        per media


                                           basic.css
                                           mobile.css        320x480
“Right” CSS loaded

“Wrong” CSS loaded
- May be used
  by JavaScript
- Possibly delayed till
  just before onload

                                        desktop.css
                            Faster ForwardTM                   ©2012 Akamai
Excess DOM


1402 elements                 1398 elements
3485 nodes                    3491 nodes




                           Simplicity
                              not
                           reflected
                           in DOM

       1600x1200                              320x480
                   Faster ForwardTM                     ©2012 Akamai
RWD Woes




• Download and Hide
• Download and Shrink
• Extra CSS Download
• Excess DOM


                        Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai

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What Can We Do About It?!




                            Akamai Confidential
Images accounts for most mobile pages size

Stats from http://mobile.httparchive.com/




                          Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Responsive Images


                                                                     128px,
                                                240px, 6.8 KB        2.9 KB
                          320px, 10.6 KB

         480px, 21.3 KB

Site:
lonelyplanet.com

Device:
iPhone 4

Before:                                       Full Res, 50.1 KB
867 KB

After:
570 KB
                           Faster ForwardTM                       ©2012 Akamai
Responding Up (or badly?)

                                                    ipad_hero.jpg
                                                     113 KB
                                                  Served to Desktop




 ipad_hero_2x.jpg
   360 KB
Served to New iPad



                               Faster ForwardTM             ©2012 Akamai

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Low Hanging Fruit: Responsive Images


• Responsive Images =
  Serve lower res images to smaller screens
 • Optionally load full res image in the background
• Lots of great resources on how to do it
 • Cloud Four blog - Education
 • Sencha.io Src – Helper Tool
• Responsive images apply to CSS too!
 • Especially to background images
 • And stop with the huge images!


                             Faster ForwardTM         ©2012 Akamai
Build Mobile First


• Don‟t just design Mobile First – Code a Mobile-only site
 • Build only for the lowest resolution you care about
 • Adapt to similar screen sizes: No layout shifts, no big resolution jumps
 • Performance should compare to mdot sites


• Once implemented – Enhance via JavaScript
 • Grow DOM only on screens that need it.


• Desktop clients with no JS support are a minority
 • Your mobile site should be good enough for those
 • Don‟t sacrifice the performance of 99% for the remaining 1%



                                  Faster ForwardTM                      ©2012 Akamai
Enhancing via JavaScript – Tips & Tricks
                                                                        1600px
• Split your files by layout/resolution                        480
 • Duplicating content on the server is ok             320     px
                                                       px
 • Duplicating download is not
• Use Inline JavaScript to decide the layout
 • Then use external (cacheable) files to apply it
• Put scripts that change design at the top
 • JavaScript blocks rendering
 • Will avoid FOUC – Flash Of Unstyled Content
 • Put all other scripts at the bottom

       var css = „small.css‟;
       if (window.innerWidth > 640) css = „large.css‟;
       else if (window.innerWidth >= 320) css = „medium.css‟;
       document.write(„<link type=“stylesheet” rel=“stylesheet” href=“‟+css+‟”/>‟);
                                    Faster ForwardTM                        ©2012 Akamai
Don‟t forget the “regular” concerns

• Reduce HTTP requests
 • Consolidate Files
 • Inline tiny files
• Reduce bytes
 • Minify CSS/JS
 • Use Lossless Compression for Images
• Load visible content first
 • Defer everything else
 • Or Load it on demand
• Avoid CSS Imports
•…


                                Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai

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This document discusses Akamai Technologies and its evolution from academic research at MIT to a global cloud delivery platform. It outlines Akamai's role in managing complex modern web presences and addresses three grand challenges facing the internet - performance, media delivery, and security. For performance, it discusses ensuring fast delivery to any device. For media, it discusses enabling high-quality video delivery at massive scale. And for security, it discusses protecting from increasingly sophisticated cyber attacks. The document highlights how Akamai's global server network and technologies help customers meet these challenges.

akamaiinternet of thingsweb performance
Measure!

     • Mobitest
      • Online service: http://akamai.com/mobitest/
      • Install local open-source version (details)
     • Google‟s Pcapperf
      • Convert network capture to waterfall charts
      • http://pcapperf.appspot.com/
     • Stoyan Stefanov‟s “icy”
      • HTTP insight into iOS HTTP requests
      • https://github.com/stoyan/icy
     • @firt‟s iWebInspector
      • Remote debugger for iOS simulator
      • http://www.iwebinspector.com/


49                                      Faster ForwardTM   ©2012 Akamai
Testing different screen dimensions

• Run webpagetest script with resizing
 • Use Chrome as agent (not supported on other browsers)
 • Sample script (tab delimited):
  setviewportsize 320 480
  navigate    http://bdconf.org/

 • Many other scripting
   options:https://sites.google.com/a/webpagetest.org/docs/using-
   webpagetest/scripting


• Figure out the viewport dimensions you want to simulate
 • http://www.websitedimensions.com/



                                   Faster ForwardTM                 ©2012 Akamai
Summary




          Akamai Confidential
Summary


• Choosing your mobile design is HARD
• There are many factors to consider
• Design Decision have Performance Implications
• Mdot Primary Concern: Redirects
• RWD Primary Concern: Over-Downloading
• Either design paradigm can be made fast
• Performance should be built in – not bolted on
• Measure!
• Make perf testing a part the core functionality test

                             Faster ForwardTM            ©2012 Akamai

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The document discusses how the Akamai Intelligent Internet Platform uses a global network of servers located at the edge of the internet to deliver web content and applications. It helps websites improve performance by optimizing routing, caching content closer to users, compressing files, pre-fetching resources, and offloading processing from origin servers. Case studies show how Akamai solutions helped companies like Best Buy, Urban Outfitters, and Live Nation improve performance, manage traffic spikes, and increase sales.

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Questions?
    Performance Implications of Mobile Design




Guy Podjarny
@guypod
guy@akamai.com
http://blaze.io/blog/
                                          Akamai Confidential

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Performance Implications of Mobile Design

  • 1. Performance Implications of Mobile Design Guy Podjarny @guypod guy@akamai.com http://blaze.io/blog/ Akamai Confidential
  • 2. Good Morning! Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 3. Agenda • Performance Matters! • Focus on top Mobile Design Paradigms • A bit on Dedicates Sites (mdot) • A lot on Responsive Web Design • Review Performance each Paradigm • Dig into the top performance problem • Show what went wrong • Discuss how you can fix it • Share tools that can help • And how to use them • Summary Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 4. Who Am I #1: Ex-CTO of Blaze.io (now Akamai) Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 5. Who Am I #2: Blaze Mobitest • Mobile Web Performance Measurement • Free Online Service: http://akamai.com/mobitest/ • Now Open-Source! • For more details: http://bit.ly/open-source-mobitest Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 6. Who Am I #3: Mobile Performance Researcher http://blaze.io/blog/ Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 7. Some Terminology Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 8. Dedicated Sites (mdot) URL/Website Per Device Profile m.walmart.com www.walmart.com Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 9. Responsive Web Design One URL, Adapt to screen size http://mediaqueri.es/mq/ Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 10. Mobile First & Desktop First included in RWD Mobile First (Progressive Enhancement) Desktop First (Graceful Degradation) Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 11. Waterfall Charts Resource Doc Complete, Waterfall (Request/Response) (a.k.a. onload, Chart Start Render Load Time) Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 12. Please don‟t hate me… • I use real world examples • Possibly written by you… • Constructive feedback != bashing • These are common mistakes • We should learn from them • I tried to spread the blame • Plenty of sites to choose from… • If you fix it, let me know! • I‟ll spread the word Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 13. Performance Matters! Akamai Confidential
  • 14. Users Expect Fast Sites Source: Akamai Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 15. Users Abandon Slow Sites Page Abandonment vs. Load Time Source: KISS Metrics Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 16. Fast Sites Help Bottom Lines Shopzilla: 5 sec load time improvement Source: Shopzilla Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 17. Mobile Users Expect Equal Speeds Source: Gomez Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 18. Dedicated Sites (mdot) Akamai Confidential
  • 19. Mdot Dedicated Sites don‟t create new performance problems Still have old problems, but that‟s not related to mobile design Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 20. Small Mobile Site, Small Waterfall Chart www.cnn.com , iPhone 4, iOS 5.0 Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 21. Big Desktop/Tablet Site, Big Waterfall Chart www.cnn.com iPad 2 iOS 5 Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 22. Dedicated Sites Top Performance Problem Redirects m. www. Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 23. Redirects are expensive! www.espn.com 2 redirects, 1.3 seconds lost Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 24. Late Redirect using scripts are even slower www.disney.com 2 redirects + JS Redirect, 3 seconds lost Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 25. Could get nasty www.garmin.com 3 redirects + JS Redirect, 3.6 seconds lost Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 26. Redirects – What To Do? • Minimize Redirects • Merge redirect chains • Use HTTP Redirects, not JS redirects • Keep the client-side detection as backup • Detect most devices server-side • Cache HTTP Redirects on the CDN • Makes the extra round trip shorter • Use HTTP 301 Redirect, with a future Expiry • 302/303/307 redirects are not cached by the browser • Good test page (by @souders): http://bit.ly/redirect-cache-test Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 27. Responsive Web Design Akamai Confidential
  • 28. Responsive Web Design Responsive Web Design Top Performance Problem: Over-Downloading Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 29. Test – Compare Sites on Different Resolutions • Data: • 347 Sites from http://mediaqueri.es/ • Testing Methodology: • Use http://webpagetest.org/ • Use Chrome browser • Resize window before each measurement •Resolutions: 320x480, 480x960, 1024x768, 1600x1200 • Saw similar results with iPhone vs. iPad tests • Collect Results • Excel & Pivot Tables (Automated version of Jason Grigsby‟s test last year) © Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 30. Responsive Sites Load Times & Size, by Resolution Load Time* by Resolution (ms) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Page Size by Resolution (KB) 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 * Over Cable Speed (5 Mbps down, 1 Mbps up, 28ms RTT) Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 31. Small Screen = Less Visible Content != Less Bytes 320x48 1600x120 0 0 Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 32. Some depressing stats… Page Size 10 Got Lucky 320x480 A Bit Smaller (BG 11% Image, Fonts, vs …) 1600x1200 Much Smaller 3% Same Size 86% 1 Responsive Images A bit smaller = 50%-90% the size Much smaller = <50% the size Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 33. Big Site, Big Waterfall 1600x120 0 Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 34. Small Site, Big Waterfall 320x480 Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 35. Download and Hide Rich Side-bar, holds ads and more Display set to none Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 36. Hidden content is still downloaded Display set to none, resources are still downloaded! Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 37. Download and Shrink Smaller Screen, Same Size Image Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 38. Media queries don‟t prevent CSS downloads Separate CSS per media basic.css mobile.css 320x480 “Right” CSS loaded “Wrong” CSS loaded - May be used by JavaScript - Possibly delayed till just before onload desktop.css Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 39. Excess DOM 1402 elements 1398 elements 3485 nodes 3491 nodes Simplicity not reflected in DOM 1600x1200 320x480 Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 40. RWD Woes • Download and Hide • Download and Shrink • Extra CSS Download • Excess DOM Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 41. What Can We Do About It?! Akamai Confidential
  • 42. Images accounts for most mobile pages size Stats from http://mobile.httparchive.com/ Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 43. Responsive Images 128px, 240px, 6.8 KB 2.9 KB 320px, 10.6 KB 480px, 21.3 KB Site: lonelyplanet.com Device: iPhone 4 Before: Full Res, 50.1 KB 867 KB After: 570 KB Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 44. Responding Up (or badly?) ipad_hero.jpg 113 KB Served to Desktop ipad_hero_2x.jpg 360 KB Served to New iPad Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 45. Low Hanging Fruit: Responsive Images • Responsive Images = Serve lower res images to smaller screens • Optionally load full res image in the background • Lots of great resources on how to do it • Cloud Four blog - Education • Sencha.io Src – Helper Tool • Responsive images apply to CSS too! • Especially to background images • And stop with the huge images! Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 46. Build Mobile First • Don‟t just design Mobile First – Code a Mobile-only site • Build only for the lowest resolution you care about • Adapt to similar screen sizes: No layout shifts, no big resolution jumps • Performance should compare to mdot sites • Once implemented – Enhance via JavaScript • Grow DOM only on screens that need it. • Desktop clients with no JS support are a minority • Your mobile site should be good enough for those • Don‟t sacrifice the performance of 99% for the remaining 1% Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 47. Enhancing via JavaScript – Tips & Tricks 1600px • Split your files by layout/resolution 480 • Duplicating content on the server is ok 320 px px • Duplicating download is not • Use Inline JavaScript to decide the layout • Then use external (cacheable) files to apply it • Put scripts that change design at the top • JavaScript blocks rendering • Will avoid FOUC – Flash Of Unstyled Content • Put all other scripts at the bottom var css = „small.css‟; if (window.innerWidth > 640) css = „large.css‟; else if (window.innerWidth >= 320) css = „medium.css‟; document.write(„<link type=“stylesheet” rel=“stylesheet” href=“‟+css+‟”/>‟); Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 48. Don‟t forget the “regular” concerns • Reduce HTTP requests • Consolidate Files • Inline tiny files • Reduce bytes • Minify CSS/JS • Use Lossless Compression for Images • Load visible content first • Defer everything else • Or Load it on demand • Avoid CSS Imports •… Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 49. Measure! • Mobitest • Online service: http://akamai.com/mobitest/ • Install local open-source version (details) • Google‟s Pcapperf • Convert network capture to waterfall charts • http://pcapperf.appspot.com/ • Stoyan Stefanov‟s “icy” • HTTP insight into iOS HTTP requests • https://github.com/stoyan/icy • @firt‟s iWebInspector • Remote debugger for iOS simulator • http://www.iwebinspector.com/ 49 Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 50. Testing different screen dimensions • Run webpagetest script with resizing • Use Chrome as agent (not supported on other browsers) • Sample script (tab delimited): setviewportsize 320 480 navigate http://bdconf.org/ • Many other scripting options:https://sites.google.com/a/webpagetest.org/docs/using- webpagetest/scripting • Figure out the viewport dimensions you want to simulate • http://www.websitedimensions.com/ Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 51. Summary Akamai Confidential
  • 52. Summary • Choosing your mobile design is HARD • There are many factors to consider • Design Decision have Performance Implications • Mdot Primary Concern: Redirects • RWD Primary Concern: Over-Downloading • Either design paradigm can be made fast • Performance should be built in – not bolted on • Measure! • Make perf testing a part the core functionality test Faster ForwardTM ©2012 Akamai
  • 53. Questions? Performance Implications of Mobile Design Guy Podjarny @guypod guy@akamai.com http://blaze.io/blog/ Akamai Confidential