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(Micro)Service Meshes
The Past, Present, and Future
Daniel Bryant
@danielbryantuk
tl;dr – Service Meshes
• A service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer for making service-to-
service communication safe, fast, reliable, and (operator) configurable
• Consists of a control plane and data plane (service proxies)
• Some confusion on where the “service mesh” begins and ends
• Essential as we move from deployment of complicated monoliths/services
to orchestration of complex cloud native microservices and functions
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
tl;dr – Service Meshes
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
@danielbryantuk
• Independent Technical Consultant, CTO at SpectoLabs
• Agile, architecture, CI/CD, DevOps
• Java, JS, microservices, cloud, containers
• Leading change through technology and teams
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
http://bit.ly/2jWDSF7

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Istio is a service mesh—a modernized service networking layer that provides a transparent and language-independent way to flexibly and easily automate application network functions. Istio is designed to run in a variety of environments: on-premise, cloud-hosted, in Kubernetes containers.

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As more applications are being developed as a set of microservices, containers and platforms such as Kubernetes make many things much easier, but still leave untouched many operational issues such as traffic management and visibility, service authentication, security and policy. Istio, is a new service mesh that attempts to address many of these. We will discuss the architecture of Istio and the benefits it may offer to new microservice-based systems in a multicloud world.

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Microservices:
 The phantom menace
. Istio Service Mesh: 
the new hope
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 The phantom menace
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 The phantom menace
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 The phantom menace
. Istio Service Mesh: 
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Microservices are everywhere and they help in solving business problems. But they also introduce complexity. Istio Service Mesh will help you solve it.

istioservice meshcloud
Setting the Scene
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Simple
(Sense, Categorise, Respond)
Complicated
(Sense, Analyse, Respond)
Complex
(Probe, Sense, Respond)
1990s
Monoliths
Single language
In-house hardware (servers, SAN, networks)
Manual config and scripting
Optimise for Stability (MTBF)
Specialist staff/departments
2010s
Microservices, functions, SaaS-all-the-things
Polyglot languages
Cloud and containers (Datacenter as a Computer)
Software-Defined Everything
Optimise for innovation (and MTTR)
Business teams (“FinDev”, SRE and Platform Team)
2000s
Monoliths, Coarse-grained SOA, SaaS
Frontend/backend language
“Co-lo” or private datacenters
Configuration management
Optimise for Recovery (MTTR)
Generalist teams (Full Stack and “DevOps”)
So, from a technology perspective…
• Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential
• Abstracts underlying resources and provides runtime foundations
• Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform
• Must also cultivate “mechanical sympathy”
• Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire”
• We must not treat local and remote calls the same
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
So, from a technology perspective…
• Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential
• Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform
• Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire”
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk

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Communication Amongst Microservices: Kubernetes, Istio, and Spring Cloud - An...
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This document provides an overview of communication amongst microservices using Kubernetes, Istio, and Spring Cloud. It discusses how Kubernetes is a container orchestrator that allows developers to run applications across infrastructure, and how Pivotal Container Service (PKS) provides managed Kubernetes. Istio is introduced as a platform that connects, secures, and observes microservices, utilizing sidecar proxies. Spring Cloud services are also discussed as providing abstractions for common patterns in distributed systems. The presentation explores how Istio and Kubernetes can work together to provide capabilities like retries, load balancing and mutual TLS for microservices, and compares this to features provided by Spring Cloud.

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With microservices and containers becoming mainstream, container orchestrators provide much of what the cluster (nodes and containers) needs. With container orchestrators' core focus on scheduling, discovery, and health at an infrastructure level, microservices are left with unmet, service-level needs, such as: - Traffic management, routing, and resilient and secure communication between services - Policy enforcement, rate-limiting, circuit breaking - Visibility and monitoring with metrics, logs, and traces - Load balancing and rollout/canary deployment support Service meshes provide for these needs. In this session, we will dive into Istio - its components, capabilities, and extensibility. Istio envelops and integrates with other open source projects to deliver a full-service mesh. We'll explore these integrations and Istio's extensibility in terms of choice of proxies and adapters, such as nginMesh.

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Service/function platforms
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
So, from a technology perspective…
• Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential
• Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform
• Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire”
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Collaboration zones for deployment
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
So, from a technology perspective…
• Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential
• Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform
• Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire”
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk

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#Codemotion Rome 2018 - Containers provide a consistent environment to run services. Kubernetes help us to manage and scale our container cluster. Good start for a loosely coupled microservices architecture but not enough. How do you control the flow of traffic & enforce policies between services? How do you visualize service dependencies & identify issues? How can you provide verifiable service identities, test for failures? You can implement your own custom solutions or you can rely on Istio, an open platform to connect, manage and secure microservices.

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SpringOne Platform 2017 Ramiro Salas, Pivotal The concept of a service mesh represents a paradigm shift on application connectivity for distributed systems, with wide implications for analytics, policy and extensibility. In this talk, we will explain what a service mesh is, the power it brings to microservices, and its impact on Cloud Foundry and K8s, both separately and together. We will also discuss the implications for the traditional network infrastructure, and the shifting of responsibilities from L3/4 to L7, and our current thinking of using Istio to integrate all abstractions.

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The Eight Fallacies of Distributed Computing
1. The network is reliable.
2. Latency is zero.
3. Bandwidth is infinite.
4. The network is secure.
5. Topology doesn't change.
6. There is one administrator.
7. Transport cost is zero.
8. The network is homogeneous.
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
https://www.somethingsimilar.com/2013/01/14/notes-on-distributed-systems-for-young-bloods/
(~ 2013)
OR
So, from a technology perspective…
• Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential
• Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform
• Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire”
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
But be careful, technology is seductive…
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
https://twitter.com/KevinHoffman/status/887638576409837569
• Service meshes are an emerging and
rapidly evolving space
• Only one part of microservice platform
• For big picture and people aspects:
• “Microservices: Org and People Impact”
• “Seven Deadly Sins of Microservices”
Evolution of Service Meshes
Those who do not know history's mistakes are doomed to repeat them.
-- George Santayana (Paraphrased)
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk

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• Heavyweight MQ
• Classic ESBs
• 2010s :: Orchestration of small services (microservices)
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27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Trends
• Binary RPC (across polyglot stack)
• Also messaging
• Centralised to decentralised control
• Need to prevent cascade failure
• Lots of small services involved in response
• Sidecar pattern
• ”Platform” service proxies
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
http://restlet.github.io/web-api-style/
https://speakerdeck.com/garethr/waves-of-centralising-and-decentralising
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• Netflix
• Karyon + HTTP/JSON or RxNetty RPC + Eureka + Hystrix + …
• Twitter
• Finagle + Thrift + ZooKeeper + Zipkin
• AirBnB
• HTTP/JSON + SmartStack + ZooKeeper + Charon/Dyno
• Google
• Stubby + GSLB + GFE + Dapper
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
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• Good question…
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• Service proxies act as “mesh”
• But, it can get hazy after this
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27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
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27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Service mesh features
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27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Service mesh features
• Increased security
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• Policies (service Access Control Lists - ACL)
• Observability
• Top-line metrics like request volume, success rates and latencies
• Distributed tracing
• Sane defaults (to protect the system)
• Options to tune
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk

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Naming and load balancing
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
https://buoyant.io/2016/03/16/beyond-round-robin-load-balancing-for-latency/
Traffic control
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
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Timeouts / deadlines
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(Updated for Sept 2016, and Java-themed as this talk was presented as part of the 'Virtual JUG' vJUG24 event on 27th Sept) There is trouble brewing in the land of microservices – today’s shiny technology is tomorrow’s legacy, and there is concern that we will all be dealing with spaghetti services in 2018… It is often a sign of an architectural approach’s maturity that, in addition to the emergence of well-established principles and practices, anti-patterns also begin to be identified and classified. In this talk we introduce the 2016 edition of the seven deadly sins that if left unchecked could easily ruin your next microservices project… This talk will feature as a session in vJUG24, the first 24 hour virtual Java Conference in the World. More information is available at http://virtualjug.com/vJUG24/

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deliver:Agile 2018 "Continuous Delivery Patterns for Modern Architectures"
deliver:Agile 2018 "Continuous Delivery Patterns for Modern Architectures"deliver:Agile 2018 "Continuous Delivery Patterns for Modern Architectures"
deliver:Agile 2018 "Continuous Delivery Patterns for Modern Architectures"

Modern software has almost completed its evolution toward component-based architectures—seen in the mainstream embrace of self-contained systems (SCS), microservices, and serverless architecture. We all know the benefits of component-based architectures, but there are also many challenges to delivering such applications in a continuous, safe, and rapid fashion. Daniel Bryant shares a series of patterns to help you identify and implement solutions for continuous delivery of contemporary service-based architectures. Learning Outcomes: - Identify core stages in the component delivery lifecycle: Develop, test, deploy, operate, and observe - How contemporary architectures impact continuous delivery and how to ensure that this is factored into the design - Modifying the build pipeline to support testability and deployability of components (with a hat tip to Jez Humble’s and Dave Farley’s seminal work) - Commonality between delivery of SCS, microservices, and serverless components - Continuous delivery, service contracts, and end-to-end validation: The good, the bad, and the ugly - Validating NFRs within a service pipeline - Lessons learned in the trenches

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Putting it all together: Istio
• “Istio” is an open platform
• Connect, manage, secure services
• Proxies are the data plane / mesh
• Proxies are (in theory) swappable
• But in reality there are different
feature sets, security, performance
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Getting started
• Articles:
• Linkerd + Kubernetes:
• https://buoyant.io/2016/10/04/a-service-mesh-for-kubernetes-part-i-top-line-service-metrics/
• Installing Istio:
• https://istio.io/docs/tasks/installing-istio.html
• Tim Perrett: Envoy with Nomad and Consul
• http://timperrett.com/2017/05/13/nomad-with-envoy-and-consul
• NGINX Fabric Model:
• https://www.nginx.com/blog/microservices-reference-architecture-nginx-fabric-model/
• Videos:
• William Morgan - Linkerd:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xYSy6OmjUM
• Christian Posta – Envoy/Istio:
• http://blog.christianposta.com/microservices/00-microservices-patterns-with-envoy-proxy-series/
• Matt Klein – Envoy:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVZX4CwKhGE
• Kelsey Hightower - Istio:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4qasWn_mFc
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
https://www.katacoda.com/courses/istio/deploy-istio-on-kubernetes
Common Questions
“But what about…"
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
How does SM relate to (Edge/API) Gateways?
• Gateways primarily sit on the edge of your network
• Perform ingress cross-cutting concerns (authn/z, rate limiting, logging etc)
• My experience
• NGINX
• Cloud implementations
• Traefik and Datawire’s Ambassador (based on Envoy)
• Some are vying to act as the communication backbone too
• Kong API
• Mulesoft
• NGINX
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk

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This document discusses iRobot's adoption of serverless architecture and the reasons for choosing it. Some key benefits identified are lower latency and cost compared to monolithic or microservices architectures. Specific challenges addressed by serverless include deployment, service discovery, and security. While serverless addresses many issues, the document notes there is still room for improvement from cloud providers in areas like deployment models and integration testing.

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JAXDevOps 2017 "The Seven (More) Deadly Sins of Microservices
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All is not completely rosy in microservice-land. It’s often a sign of an architectural approach’s maturity that anti-patterns begin to be identified and classified alongside well-established principles and practices. Daniel Bryant introduces seven deadly sins from real projects, which left unchecked could easily ruin your next microservices project. Daniel offers an updated tour for 2016 of some of the nastiest anti-patterns in microservices from several real-world projects he’s encountered as a consultant, providing a series of anti-pattern “smells” you can sniff out and exploring the tools and techniques you need to avoid or mitigate the potential damage. Topics include: - Pride: Selfishly building the wrong thing, such as the “Inter-Domain-Enterprise-Application-Service-Bus” or a fully bespoke infrastructure platform - Envy: Introducing inappropriate intimacy within services by creating a shared “canonical” domain model - Wrath: Failing to deal with the inevitable bad things that occur within a distributed system - Sloth: Composing services in a lazy fashion, which ultimately leads to the creation of a “distributed monolith” - Lust: Embracing the latest and greatest technology without evaluating the operational impact incurred by these choices

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Isn’t this just ESB 2.0 or “web scale” ESB
• No
• At least not yet…
• ESB development was vendor-driven
• Overly centralised/coupled/conflated
• Process choreography
• Document transformation
• Tight integration with vendor products
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_service_bus#/media/File:ESB_Component_Hive.png
Aren’t SMs adding more network hops?
• Maybe… It depends on your network config
• …but good (infrastructure) architecture is all about
• Choosing the right abstraction
• Making trade-offs
• Separation of concerns
• Make an educated choice with your platform, and make it explicitly
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Shouldn’t SM be part of the “platform”?
• Yep…
• And it probably will be in the near future
• But expect much innovation (and change) over the next 6-12 months
• Assess if it will be beneficial for your organisation to leverage this now
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Who owns the Service Mesh? Dev, SREs, Ops?
• Yes…
• As mentioned earlier
• We work with a sociotechnical system when delivering value/software
• Everything is context dependent (on your organisation)
• But deployment descriptor and service mesh config can provide good dev/ops
collaboration zones as part of the “platform”
• Make a decision, communicate it, and regularly retrospect
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk

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The document discusses the evolution of application networking from individual microservices libraries to shared proxies like Envoy and service meshes like Istio. It notes that as applications adopt microservices architectures, many common concerns around distributed systems must be addressed, such as service discovery, load balancing, and fault tolerance. Initially, different frameworks offered individual libraries to handle these issues, but this led to inconsistencies and increased complexity. Envoy proxy and the Istio service mesh aim to provide a standardized and shared way to address these cross-cutting distributed system concerns for all services regardless of language or framework.

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So, Service Mesh all-the-things… right?
• No…
• It’s all about context and trade-offs
• Service meshes are great for point-to-point RPC
• Messaging is useful to decouple services in space and time
• Async work queues, pub/sub, topics e.g. RabbitMQ
• Distributed txn logs and stream processing e.g. Kafka
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
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27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Use cases for Service Meshes
• Real-time (operator) configuration and observability
• The evolution from complicated to complex systems
• Monolith-to-service migration
• All components can use the same communication fabric
• Multi-platform / hybrid cloud etc
• Routing (shadow traffic, A/B, canarying etc)
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
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API Gateways are certainly not a new technology, but the way in which they are being deployed, configured, and operated within modern platforms is forcing many of us to rethink our approach. Can we simply lift and shift our existing gateway into the cloud? Is our API gateway GitOps friendly (and does it need to be)? And what about service meshes, CNI, eBPF, and... Join this talk for a whistle stop tour of modern API gateways, which a focus on deploying and managing this technology within Kubernetes (on which many modern platforms are built): - Understand why platform engineers should care about API Gateways today - Learn about API gateways, options, and requirements for modern platforms - Identify key considerations for migrating to the cloud or building a new platform on Kubernetes - Understand how cloud native workflows impact the user/developer experience (UX/DX) of an API gateway - Explore the components of a complete "edge stack" that supports end-to-end development flows

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When enterprise organizations adopt microservices, containers, and cloud native development, the technologies and architectures may change, but the fact remains that we all still add the occasional bug to our code. The main challenge you now face is how to perform integration or end-to-end testing without spinning up all of your microservices locally and driving your laptop fans into high speed! Join me for a tour of your microservices testing options using a series of Java-friendly tools. - Explore challenges with scaling container-based application development (you can only run so many microservices locally before minikube melts your laptop) - Learn about effective unit testing with mocks, using TestContainers for dependency testing, and using Telepresence to extend your local testing environment into the cloud - Understand when to use each type of test and tooling based on your use case and requirements for realism, speed, and practicality - See how Telepresence can "intercept" or reroute traffic from a specified service in a remote K8s cluster to your local dev machine

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In conclusion…
• Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential
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• Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform
• Service meshes can provide collaboration zone for run-time config of comms
• Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire”
• Service meshes can provide observability, reliability and fault tolerance
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Massive thanks to everyone who has helped!
• William Morgan @ Buoyant
• Owen Garrett @ NGINX
• Christian Posta @ Red Hat
• Matt Klein @ Lyft
• Shriram Rajagopalan (Istio-users)
• Louis Ryan (Istio-users)
• Varun Talwar @ Google
• Many more from the community
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
Thanks for listening…
Thanks to O’Reilly for organising and NGINX for sponsoring!
Twitter: @danielbryantuk
Email: daniel.bryant@specto.io
Writing: https://www.infoq.com/profile/Daniel-Bryant
Talks: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoVYf_0qOYNeBmrpjuBOOAqJnQb3QAEtM
27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk

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O'Reilly 2017: "Introduction to Service Meshes"

  • 1. (Micro)Service Meshes The Past, Present, and Future Daniel Bryant @danielbryantuk
  • 2. tl;dr – Service Meshes • A service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer for making service-to- service communication safe, fast, reliable, and (operator) configurable • Consists of a control plane and data plane (service proxies) • Some confusion on where the “service mesh” begins and ends • Essential as we move from deployment of complicated monoliths/services to orchestration of complex cloud native microservices and functions 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 3. tl;dr – Service Meshes 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 4. @danielbryantuk • Independent Technical Consultant, CTO at SpectoLabs • Agile, architecture, CI/CD, DevOps • Java, JS, microservices, cloud, containers • Leading change through technology and teams 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk http://bit.ly/2jWDSF7
  • 6. 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk Simple (Sense, Categorise, Respond) Complicated (Sense, Analyse, Respond) Complex (Probe, Sense, Respond) 1990s Monoliths Single language In-house hardware (servers, SAN, networks) Manual config and scripting Optimise for Stability (MTBF) Specialist staff/departments 2010s Microservices, functions, SaaS-all-the-things Polyglot languages Cloud and containers (Datacenter as a Computer) Software-Defined Everything Optimise for innovation (and MTTR) Business teams (“FinDev”, SRE and Platform Team) 2000s Monoliths, Coarse-grained SOA, SaaS Frontend/backend language “Co-lo” or private datacenters Configuration management Optimise for Recovery (MTTR) Generalist teams (Full Stack and “DevOps”)
  • 7. So, from a technology perspective… • Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential • Abstracts underlying resources and provides runtime foundations • Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform • Must also cultivate “mechanical sympathy” • Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire” • We must not treat local and remote calls the same 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 8. So, from a technology perspective… • Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential • Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform • Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire” 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 10. So, from a technology perspective… • Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential • Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform • Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire” 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 11. Collaboration zones for deployment 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 12. So, from a technology perspective… • Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential • Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform • Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire” 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 13. The Eight Fallacies of Distributed Computing 1. The network is reliable. 2. Latency is zero. 3. Bandwidth is infinite. 4. The network is secure. 5. Topology doesn't change. 6. There is one administrator. 7. Transport cost is zero. 8. The network is homogeneous. 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://www.somethingsimilar.com/2013/01/14/notes-on-distributed-systems-for-young-bloods/ (~ 2013) OR
  • 14. So, from a technology perspective… • Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential • Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform • Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire” 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 15. But be careful, technology is seductive… 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://twitter.com/KevinHoffman/status/887638576409837569 • Service meshes are an emerging and rapidly evolving space • Only one part of microservice platform • For big picture and people aspects: • “Microservices: Org and People Impact” • “Seven Deadly Sins of Microservices”
  • 16. Evolution of Service Meshes Those who do not know history's mistakes are doomed to repeat them. -- George Santayana (Paraphrased) 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 17. Service-to-Service Comms History • 2000s :: Assembly of course-grained services (SOA) • SOAP, XML, proprietary binary format • Heavyweight MQ • Classic ESBs • 2010s :: Orchestration of small services (microservices) • HTTP/JSON/REST, open source binary IDL • Lightweight MQ, distributed txn logs • ESB 2.0? 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 18. Trends • Binary RPC (across polyglot stack) • Also messaging • Centralised to decentralised control • Need to prevent cascade failure • Lots of small services involved in response • Sidecar pattern • ”Platform” service proxies 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk http://restlet.github.io/web-api-style/ https://speakerdeck.com/garethr/waves-of-centralising-and-decentralising
  • 19. Let’s go unicorn spotting… • Netflix • Karyon + HTTP/JSON or RxNetty RPC + Eureka + Hystrix + … • Twitter • Finagle + Thrift + ZooKeeper + Zipkin • AirBnB • HTTP/JSON + SmartStack + ZooKeeper + Charon/Dyno • Google • Stubby + GSLB + GFE + Dapper 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 20. Several companies extracted functionality into “service meshes” 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 21. What is a Service Mesh? • Good question… • Agreement on core definition • Service proxies act as “mesh” • But, it can get hazy after this • Control plane vs data plane… 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 23. Service mesh features • Normalises naming and adds logical routing • user-service -> AWS-us-east-1a/prod/users/v4 • Adds traffic shaping and traffic shifting • Load balancing • Deploy control • Per-request routing (shadowing, fault injection, debug) • Adds baseline reliability • Health checks, timeouts/deadlines, circuit breaking, and retry (budgets) 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 24. Service mesh features • Increased security • Transparent mutual TLS • Policies (service Access Control Lists - ACL) • Observability • Top-line metrics like request volume, success rates and latencies • Distributed tracing • Sane defaults (to protect the system) • Options to tune 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 25. Naming and load balancing 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://buoyant.io/2016/03/16/beyond-round-robin-load-balancing-for-latency/
  • 27. Per-request routing: shadow, fault inject, debug 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://buoyant.io/2017/01/06/a-service-mesh-for-kubernetes-part-vi-staging-microservices-without-the-tears/
  • 28. Timeouts / deadlines 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk William Morgan Introduction to Linkerd: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xYSy6OmjUM
  • 29. Circuit breaking (out of process, not Hystrix) 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 30. Mutual TLS (transparent protocol upgrade) 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://istio.io/blog/istio-auth-for-microservices.html
  • 36. Control Plane / Data Plane (Istio example) 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://istio.io/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html Control plane Data plane
  • 37. Istio control plane: Pilot and Mixer 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk Precondition checking Quota management Telemetry reporting
  • 38. Linkerd and NGINX control plane 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 39. Control Plane / Data Plane (Istio example) 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://istio.io/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html Control plane Data plane
  • 40. Service Mesh data plane (proxy) comparison 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 41. Putting it all together: Istio • “Istio” is an open platform • Connect, manage, secure services • Proxies are the data plane / mesh • Proxies are (in theory) swappable • But in reality there are different feature sets, security, performance 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 42. Getting started • Articles: • Linkerd + Kubernetes: • https://buoyant.io/2016/10/04/a-service-mesh-for-kubernetes-part-i-top-line-service-metrics/ • Installing Istio: • https://istio.io/docs/tasks/installing-istio.html • Tim Perrett: Envoy with Nomad and Consul • http://timperrett.com/2017/05/13/nomad-with-envoy-and-consul • NGINX Fabric Model: • https://www.nginx.com/blog/microservices-reference-architecture-nginx-fabric-model/ • Videos: • William Morgan - Linkerd: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xYSy6OmjUM • Christian Posta – Envoy/Istio: • http://blog.christianposta.com/microservices/00-microservices-patterns-with-envoy-proxy-series/ • Matt Klein – Envoy: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVZX4CwKhGE • Kelsey Hightower - Istio: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4qasWn_mFc 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://www.katacoda.com/courses/istio/deploy-istio-on-kubernetes
  • 43. Common Questions “But what about…" 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 44. How does SM relate to (Edge/API) Gateways? • Gateways primarily sit on the edge of your network • Perform ingress cross-cutting concerns (authn/z, rate limiting, logging etc) • My experience • NGINX • Cloud implementations • Traefik and Datawire’s Ambassador (based on Envoy) • Some are vying to act as the communication backbone too • Kong API • Mulesoft • NGINX 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 45. Isn’t this just ESB 2.0 or “web scale” ESB • No • At least not yet… • ESB development was vendor-driven • Overly centralised/coupled/conflated • Process choreography • Document transformation • Tight integration with vendor products 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_service_bus#/media/File:ESB_Component_Hive.png
  • 46. Aren’t SMs adding more network hops? • Maybe… It depends on your network config • …but good (infrastructure) architecture is all about • Choosing the right abstraction • Making trade-offs • Separation of concerns • Make an educated choice with your platform, and make it explicitly 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 47. Shouldn’t SM be part of the “platform”? • Yep… • And it probably will be in the near future • But expect much innovation (and change) over the next 6-12 months • Assess if it will be beneficial for your organisation to leverage this now 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 48. Who owns the Service Mesh? Dev, SREs, Ops? • Yes… • As mentioned earlier • We work with a sociotechnical system when delivering value/software • Everything is context dependent (on your organisation) • But deployment descriptor and service mesh config can provide good dev/ops collaboration zones as part of the “platform” • Make a decision, communicate it, and regularly retrospect 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 49. So, Service Mesh all-the-things… right? • No… • It’s all about context and trade-offs • Service meshes are great for point-to-point RPC • Messaging is useful to decouple services in space and time • Async work queues, pub/sub, topics e.g. RabbitMQ • Distributed txn logs and stream processing e.g. Kafka 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 50. Look for Problems, Not Solutions 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 51. Use cases for Service Meshes • Real-time (operator) configuration and observability • The evolution from complicated to complex systems • Monolith-to-service migration • All components can use the same communication fabric • Multi-platform / hybrid cloud etc • Routing (shadow traffic, A/B, canarying etc) 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 53. In conclusion… • Deploying services/functions to a “platform” is essential • Service meshes are responsible for platform comms e.g routing, traffic shifting • Need clear collaboration zones for dev/ops/platform • Service meshes can provide collaboration zone for run-time config of comms • Managing lots of out-of-process communication going “over the wire” • Service meshes can provide observability, reliability and fault tolerance 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 54. Massive thanks to everyone who has helped! • William Morgan @ Buoyant • Owen Garrett @ NGINX • Christian Posta @ Red Hat • Matt Klein @ Lyft • Shriram Rajagopalan (Istio-users) • Louis Ryan (Istio-users) • Varun Talwar @ Google • Many more from the community 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk
  • 55. Thanks for listening… Thanks to O’Reilly for organising and NGINX for sponsoring! Twitter: @danielbryantuk Email: daniel.bryant@specto.io Writing: https://www.infoq.com/profile/Daniel-Bryant Talks: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoVYf_0qOYNeBmrpjuBOOAqJnQb3QAEtM 27/07/2017 @danielbryantuk