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Infrustructure DBA in the
Cloud
aka “I Have Control Issues”
About me
Principal Data Engineer
@DBAKevlar
https://dbakevlar.com
kegorman@microsoft.com
dbakevlar@gmail.com
SME for Oracle on Azure at Microsoft
“The best DBAs always
have control issues”
~Kellyn Gorman
Still a DBA
Why IaaS instead of PaaS/SaaS?
BUSINESS SLAS OR
POLICIES
VENDOR SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS
PLATFORM
DEMANDS, (NO
PAAS OFFERING FOR
ORACLE ON AZURE)

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How is IaaS
Different
from PaaS
Benefits of IaaS
QUICKER MIGRATION TIMES THAN OTHER CLOUD
OFFERINGS
ABILITY TO KEEP SIMILAR ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCE CLOUD SERVICES AND FEATURES
REMOVE THE DATACENTER
Insanity Is Doing the Same Thing
Over and Over Again and
Expecting Different Results
~Einstein
*Also Infrastructure folks who continually try to lift and
shift the infrastructure for database workloads…
Migrate the Workload, not the
Hardware
Servers may not have been sized appropriately for the workload.
Workload of database may have changed over time.
May cost you more in licensing than what the workload actually
requires.
For different databases, there are
different tools to assist:
SQL Server: DMVs, PerfMon, Scripting, (Randal, Klee, etc) Redgate
SQL Monitor
Oracle: AWR, OEM, ASH, SASH, Statspack, Tracing
MySQL: Solarwinds DPA, Instrumental, Panopta

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Avoid ingress or egress charges
Reduce latency
Remove complexity and centrally locate to
the cloud
Refactor processes that utilize
large percentages of resources
and network. In the cloud, this
has an impactful cost.
A lift and shift does not equal
taking what you have on-prem
and duplicating it. Success
means you take the database
and lift and shift it with the
support of cloud services.
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https://azure.microsoft.com/en-
us/pricing/details/virtual-machines/series/
Understand
IaaS VM
Series
• A and B-series commonly won’t work for
databases.
• D-series can work for some, but consider matching
series to production vms, but lesser resources
• L and H-series are outliers for database workloads.
• Identify workload needs
• D-series is for general use
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When one VM
is too Much-
Constrained
VMs
• Allows for isolation of vCPU to application
licensing for database and app workloads
• Matched in existing series VMs in the Azure
Pricing Calculator
• Share storage between databases or apps
• Before choosing, ensure your product licensing
support constrained vCPU VMs
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Constrained
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Standard_M8-4ms 4 Same as M8ms
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Standard_M16-8ms 8 Same as M16ms
Standard_M32-8ms 8 Same as M32ms
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cloud
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and Oracle
DataGuard
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have been fully
TESTED.
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Storage is
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and
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database going to the cloud
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throughput for the database.
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Storage
Considerations
What is the storage to
be used for?
Data- OLTP,
DSS, OLAP, Big
Data?
Logging
Backup
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refresh requirements are calculated
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possible.
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Premium SSD storage.
Premium SSD- Size and Limits
Name Capacity (GiB)
IOPS per
disk
Max burstable
IOPS
Throughput per disk
(MB/s)
Max burstable
throughput per disk
(MB/s)
Cache limit per
disk (GiB)
P1 4 120 3,500 25 170 4
P2 8 120 3,500 25 170 8
P3 16 120 3,500 25 170 16
P4 32 120 3,500 25 170 32
P6 64 240 3,500 50 170 64
P10 128 500 3,500 100 170 128
P15 256 1,100 3,500 125 170 256
P20 512 2,300 3,500 150 170 512
P30 1,024 5,000 200 1,024
P40 2,048 7,500 250 2,048
P50 4,096 7,500 250 4,095
P60 8,192 16,000 500 4,095
P70 16,384 18,000 750 4,095
P80 32,727 20,000 900 4,095
Source: Managed disks pricing
1000 MB/s
Ultra Disk
Ultra Disk Offerings
Disk Size
(GiB)
4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512
1,024-
65,536 (in
increment
s of 1 TiB)
IOPS
Range
1,200 2,400 4,800 9,600 19,200 38,400 76,800 160,000 160,000
Throughpu
t Range
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per disk
(GiB)
IOPS per
disk
Throughput
per disk
(MB/s)
Mininum 4 100 1
Maximum 65536 160000 2000
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Settings
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but not for datafiles.
• ReadOnly Cache is, as it caches reads, while
letting writes pass through to disk.
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• No, you can’t have all the
resources for yourself.
• What all can be involved?
• It’s not just the database.
• How to identify it?
• What do to when it is
identified?
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Files
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Pure Storage or
Excelero.
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disks and parallel
processing at the
database level.
• Backups, batch loading
and other challenges:
• Offload backups
with secondary
backup solutions.
• Refactor batch
processing with
other services,
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Azure Analysis
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Files
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VM.
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Premium, (common) and
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/ Azure AD
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commands and document.)
• Consider smaller disk size and stripe vs. larger,
single drive to offer better performance.
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azureazure networkingazure vm
VMworld 2014: Advanced SQL Server on vSphere Techniques and Best Practices
VMworld 2014: Advanced SQL Server on vSphere Techniques and Best PracticesVMworld 2014: Advanced SQL Server on vSphere Techniques and Best Practices
VMworld 2014: Advanced SQL Server on vSphere Techniques and Best Practices

This document provides an overview of advanced SQL Server techniques and best practices when running SQL Server in a virtualized environment on vSphere. It covers topics such as storage configuration including VMFS, block alignment, and I/O profiling. Networking techniques like jumbo frames and guest tuning are discussed. The document also reviews memory management and optimization, CPU sizing considerations, workload consolidation strategies, and high availability options for SQL Server on vSphere.

best practicessqladvanced
V mware virtual san 5.5 deep dive
V mware virtual san 5.5 deep diveV mware virtual san 5.5 deep dive
V mware virtual san 5.5 deep dive

Virtual SAN 5.5 provides a technical deep dive into VMware's Virtual SAN software-defined storage technology. Key points include: - Virtual SAN runs on standard x86 servers and provides a policy-based management framework and high performance flash architecture. - It delivers scale of up to 32 hosts, 3,200 VMs, 4.4 petabytes, and 2 million IOPS. - Virtual SAN is integrated with VMware technologies like vMotion, vSphere HA, and vSphere replication and simplifies storage management. - It offers flexible configurations, granular scaling, and reduces both capital and operating expenses for improved total cost of ownership.

Failure Due to
Backups
• Modernize the way the database is backed up and
restore if RMAN is 40% of total IO in AWR or
database has small window to backup.
• Archaic backup and data refresh strategies can
impact a cloud environment heavily in IO and
network latency
• Snapshot technology with database consistency
should be your FIRST choice in backup solutions for
large databases.
• Oracle AWR can demonstrate the impact on the
overall database workload of RMAN and
datapump jobs.
• The Profiler can identify the workload impact in
SQL Server.
IaaS for DBAs in Azure
Simplify the
Shift to the
Cloud
• Migrate your tools that you already use to
monitor and manage the database on-prem into
the cloud whenever possible.
• For Oracle, we implement Oracle Enterprise
Manager, (Cloud Control) to ensure the
cloud environment looks just like their
onprem one.
• Redgate SQL Monitor, Solarwinds SQL
Sentry, Dynatrace, Idera Uptime
Infrastructure Monitor, etc.
• Use features to automate OS patching using
Azure Linux/Windows automated patching
service.
• Incorporate DevOps automation to the cloud
changes FIRST.
It’s Not Just
Infrastructure
• No matter if during the migration or when there are
issues:
• Infrastructure support will be the first line of
defense.
• Database workload will be an afterthought.
• Data support may be a request only option.
• First inclination is to “throw iron” at the problem.
• Demand to look at the code, database design,
etc.
• If you fix the real cause, you fix it once vs.
revisiting it over and over.
• Do have support take advantage of advanced
Azure tools to help identify where the problem
is, (IO, memory, CPU)

Recommended for you

VMworld 2015: Advanced SQL Server on vSphere
VMworld 2015: Advanced SQL Server on vSphereVMworld 2015: Advanced SQL Server on vSphere
VMworld 2015: Advanced SQL Server on vSphere

Microsoft SQL Server is one of the most widely deployed “apps” in the market today and is used as the database layer for a myriad of applications, ranging from departmental content repositories to large enterprise OLTP systems. Typical SQL Server workloads are somewhat trivial to virtualize; however, business critical SQL Servers require careful planning to satisfy performance, high availability, and disaster recovery requirements. It is the design of these business critical databases that will be the focus of this breakout session. You will learn how build high-performance SQL Server virtual machines through proper resource allocation, database file management, and use of all-flash storage like XtremIO. You will also learn how to protect these critical systems using a combination of SQL Server and vSphere high availability features. For example, did you know you can vMotion shared-disk Windows Failover Cluster nodes? You can in vSphere 6! Finally, you will learn techniques for rapid deployment, backup, and recovery of SQL Server virtual machines using an all-flash array.

vmwarevmworld 2015vsphere
Ceph Day Beijing - Ceph all-flash array design based on NUMA architecture
Ceph Day Beijing - Ceph all-flash array design based on NUMA architectureCeph Day Beijing - Ceph all-flash array design based on NUMA architecture
Ceph Day Beijing - Ceph all-flash array design based on NUMA architecture

This document discusses an all-flash Ceph array design from QCT based on NUMA architecture. It provides an agenda that covers all-flash Ceph and use cases, QCT's all-flash Ceph solution for IOPS, an overview of QCT's lab environment and detailed architecture, and the importance of NUMA. It also includes sections on why all-flash storage is used, different all-flash Ceph use cases, QCT's IOPS-optimized all-flash Ceph solution, benefits of using NVMe storage, and techniques for configuring and optimizing all-flash Ceph performance.

cephopen software-defined storageintel
Ceph Day Beijing - Ceph All-Flash Array Design Based on NUMA Architecture
Ceph Day Beijing - Ceph All-Flash Array Design Based on NUMA ArchitectureCeph Day Beijing - Ceph All-Flash Array Design Based on NUMA Architecture
Ceph Day Beijing - Ceph All-Flash Array Design Based on NUMA Architecture

This document discusses an all-flash Ceph array design from QCT based on NUMA architecture. It provides an agenda that covers all-flash Ceph and use cases, QCT's all-flash Ceph solution for IOPS, an overview of QCT's lab environment and detailed architecture, and the importance of NUMA. It also includes sections on why all-flash storage is used, different all-flash Ceph use cases, QCT's IOPS-optimized all-flash Ceph solution, benefits of using NVMe storage, QCT's lab test environment, Ceph tuning recommendations, and benefits of using multi-partitioned NVMe SSDs for Ceph OSDs.

storage modernizationred hatqct
Manage with
What You Know
• Use the cloud services of what you already use on-
prem.
• If you can deploy your existing, on-prem tool on a
VM, consider doing this, (Oracle Enterprise Manager,
Redgate, Idera, Solarwinds, etc.- and its cloud ready,
do it!)
• Keep backup, replication tools as often as you are
able- don’t create larger learning curves than what is
required.
Simulate PaaS in
IaaS
• Use Azure Managed Instance for SQL Server
• Use Lifecycle Management Pack with Oracle
Enterprise Manager to automate
monitoring, management and database
patching.
• Use Linux Automated Patching, (preview) to
automate OS patching of VMs.
• Introduce Azure services to simplify the
current products used onprem
• Automate using DevOps, including
deployment builds with Terraform, Ansible,
etc.
Review: Database Workloads on IaaS
Know
Know the
infrastructure
Know
Migrate the
workload, not the
onprem hardware.
Know
Know what is the
cause of the
problem- don’t
guess.
Bring in
Bring in existing
tools that are cloud
enabled
Know
Know what tools are
available in the
cloud and when
stuck, bring in Azure
support.
References
SQL Server Performance Guidelines on Azure: Checklist: Best practices & guidelines - SQL Server on
Azure VM | Microsoft Docs
Oracle on Azure: Oracle solutions on Microsoft Azure - Azure Virtual Machines | Microsoft Docs
Understanding AZ and AS: Availability options for Azure Virtual Machines - Azure Virtual Machines |
Microsoft Docs
Virtual Machine and Disk Performance: Virtual machine and disk performance - Azure Virtual
Machines | Microsoft Docs
Azure Premium Storage: Azure Premium Storage: Design for high performance - Azure Virtual
Machines | Microsoft Docs
Azure Network Performance for IaaS: Optimize VM network throughput | Microsoft Docs
Infrastructure Automation: Use infrastructure automation tools - Azure Virtual Machines |
Microsoft Docs
Ultradisks for Azure Linux VMs:
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/disks-enable-ultra-ssd

Recommended for you

Virtualizing Tier One Applications - Varrow
Virtualizing Tier One Applications - VarrowVirtualizing Tier One Applications - Varrow
Virtualizing Tier One Applications - Varrow

This document provides best practices for virtualizing mission critical applications like Exchange and SQL Server. It discusses the top 10 myths about virtualizing business critical applications and provides the truths. It then discusses best practices for virtualizing Exchange, including starting simple, licensing, storage configuration, and high availability options. For SQL Server, it covers starting simple, licensing, storage configuration, migrating, and database best practices. It also discusses tools that can be used for database performance analysis when virtualized like Confio IgniteVM and vCenter Operations.

vmwvarrowvbca
Varrow Q4 Lunch & Learn Presentation - Virtualizing Business Critical Applica...
Varrow Q4 Lunch & Learn Presentation - Virtualizing Business Critical Applica...Varrow Q4 Lunch & Learn Presentation - Virtualizing Business Critical Applica...
Varrow Q4 Lunch & Learn Presentation - Virtualizing Business Critical Applica...

This document provides a summary of a presentation on virtualizing tier one applications. The presentation covered the top 10 myths about virtualizing business critical applications and provided best practices for virtualizing mission critical applications. It also discussed real world tools for monitoring virtualized environments like Confio IgniteVM and vCenter Operations. The presentation aimed to show that virtualizing tier one applications is possible and discussed strategies for virtualizing SQL Server and Microsoft Exchange environments.

varrowvbca
Should I move my database to the cloud?
Should I move my database to the cloud?Should I move my database to the cloud?
Should I move my database to the cloud?

So you have been running on-prem SQL Server for a while now. Maybe you have taken the step to move it from bare metal to a VM, and have seen some nice benefits. Ready to see a TON more benefits? If you said “YES!”, then this is the session for you as I will go over the many benefits gained by moving your on-prem SQL Server to an Azure VM (IaaS). Then I will really blow your mind by showing you even more benefits by moving to Azure SQL Database (PaaS/DBaaS). And for those of you with a large data warehouse, I also got you covered with Azure SQL Data Warehouse. Along the way I will talk about the many hybrid approaches so you can take a gradual approve to moving to the cloud. If you are interested in cost savings, additional features, ease of use, quick scaling, improved reliability and ending the days of upgrading hardware, this is the session for you!

sql dbsql dwazure
Thank you!
Kellyn Gorman
Twitter: @DBAKevlar
dbakevlar@gmail.com
kegorman@microsoft.com

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IaaS for DBAs in Azure

  • 1. Infrustructure DBA in the Cloud aka “I Have Control Issues”
  • 2. About me Principal Data Engineer @DBAKevlar https://dbakevlar.com kegorman@microsoft.com dbakevlar@gmail.com SME for Oracle on Azure at Microsoft
  • 3. “The best DBAs always have control issues” ~Kellyn Gorman Still a DBA
  • 4. Why IaaS instead of PaaS/SaaS? BUSINESS SLAS OR POLICIES VENDOR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS PLATFORM DEMANDS, (NO PAAS OFFERING FOR ORACLE ON AZURE)
  • 6. Benefits of IaaS QUICKER MIGRATION TIMES THAN OTHER CLOUD OFFERINGS ABILITY TO KEEP SIMILAR ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCE CLOUD SERVICES AND FEATURES REMOVE THE DATACENTER
  • 7. Insanity Is Doing the Same Thing Over and Over Again and Expecting Different Results ~Einstein *Also Infrastructure folks who continually try to lift and shift the infrastructure for database workloads…
  • 8. Migrate the Workload, not the Hardware Servers may not have been sized appropriately for the workload. Workload of database may have changed over time. May cost you more in licensing than what the workload actually requires. For different databases, there are different tools to assist: SQL Server: DMVs, PerfMon, Scripting, (Randal, Klee, etc) Redgate SQL Monitor Oracle: AWR, OEM, ASH, SASH, Statspack, Tracing MySQL: Solarwinds DPA, Instrumental, Panopta
  • 9. Architect for the Cloud Deploy all tiers to the cloud Avoid ingress or egress charges Reduce latency Remove complexity and centrally locate to the cloud Refactor processes that utilize large percentages of resources and network. In the cloud, this has an impactful cost. A lift and shift does not equal taking what you have on-prem and duplicating it. Success means you take the database and lift and shift it with the support of cloud services.
  • 11. https://azure.microsoft.com/en- us/pricing/details/virtual-machines/series/ Understand IaaS VM Series • A and B-series commonly won’t work for databases. • D-series can work for some, but consider matching series to production vms, but lesser resources • L and H-series are outliers for database workloads. • Identify workload needs • D-series is for general use • E-series and M-series are the most common VMs in the database industry • E-series for average production databases • M-series, but verify IO storage/network limits!
  • 13. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual- machines/windows/constrained-vcpu When one VM is too Much- Constrained VMs • Allows for isolation of vCPU to application licensing for database and app workloads • Matched in existing series VMs in the Azure Pricing Calculator • Share storage between databases or apps • Before choosing, ensure your product licensing support constrained vCPU VMs • Carefully match workloads on IO and memory, not just vCPU usage when combining.
  • 14. Specialized Constrained vCPU VMs Name vCPU Specs Standard_M8-2ms 2 Same as M8ms Standard_M8-4ms 4 Same as M8ms Standard_M16-4ms 4 Same as M16ms Standard_M16-8ms 8 Same as M16ms Standard_M32-8ms 8 Same as M32ms Standard_M32-16ms 16 Same as M32ms Standard_M64-32ms 32 Same as M64ms Standard_M64-16ms 16 Same as M64ms Standard_M128-64ms 64 Same as M128ms Standard_M128-32ms 32 Same as M128ms Standard_E4-2s_v3 2 Same as E4s_v3 Standard_E8-4s_v3 4 Same as E8s_v3 Standard_E8-2s_v3 2 Same as E8s_v3 Standard_E16-8s_v3 8 Same as E16s_v3 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/constrained-vcpu
  • 16. https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/high-availability/maa.html Architect for the Cloud • Maximum Availability Architecture • Different names for different vendors. • Get a clear understanding of the SLA uptime for the business and environment. • Onprem datacenters are not the same as cloud architecture. • Pivot products and services to cover what you need. • High Availability • Identify what HA means to stakeholders. • Often, it’s specific features, not a product, then marry these to a cloud product which: • Matches the IaaS architecture • Doesn’t introduce overhead • Has vendor support • Identify what cloud services may duplicate or simulate the same feature if unavailable.
  • 17. Azure Location Concepts Concept Description Region Multiple datacenters within a specific perimeter and connected through a low-latency network Geography A specific location area. The area may have more than one Azure region Availability Zone Physical regions located within a region. Each zone has one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling and network. Geo-Region Current region recommended with the appropriate services and redundancy for the database and other workloads. Secondary Region Utilized to spread a workload for HA and/or recovery
  • 19. High Availability Zones (and Regions)
  • 20. Use Availability Zones • High Availability, (HA) offering to protect data and apps from datacenter failures. • Contain multiple locations within a single Azure region. • Not all products or services are available for AZ or in every region. • No additional cost to deploy VMs in an Availability Zone. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/availability-zones/az-overview
  • 21. Availability Regions Some SLAs will require both Regions and AZs
  • 22. Disaster Recovery • Along with AZ/AG, etc. • Use DR products that best support cloud • Always-on Availability Groups and Oracle DataGuard • Implement advanced, automation features to remove manual intervention • Clearly identify RPO, (Recovery Point Objective) and RTO, (Recovery Time Objective) for your business. • Ensure that the HR, DR, backup and recovery decisions meet these and have been fully TESTED.
  • 24. Storage is SEPARATE and Important • Ensure you know the IO workload for your database going to the cloud • Understand both the MB/s and the IO throughput for the database. • Oracle has demonstrated, on average, much higher demands for IO than MSSQL, MySQL or PostgreSQL. • Storage is separate to ensure the right combination in IaaS can be reached.
  • 25. Storage Considerations What is the storage to be used for? Data- OLTP, DSS, OLAP, Big Data? Logging Backup Ensure that backups and data refresh requirements are calculated into the IO demands for the database.
  • 26. https://docs.microsoft.com/en- us/azure/virtual-machines/premium- storage-performance Storage Accounts • Know the difference between storage Account Types: • General Purpose V1 vs. V2 • Block Blob Storage • File Storage- Premium? • Blob Storage: Use Type v2 whenever possible. • Shared Storage/NFS Storage • Most database workloads are going to requite Premium SSD storage.
  • 27. Premium SSD- Size and Limits Name Capacity (GiB) IOPS per disk Max burstable IOPS Throughput per disk (MB/s) Max burstable throughput per disk (MB/s) Cache limit per disk (GiB) P1 4 120 3,500 25 170 4 P2 8 120 3,500 25 170 8 P3 16 120 3,500 25 170 16 P4 32 120 3,500 25 170 32 P6 64 240 3,500 50 170 64 P10 128 500 3,500 100 170 128 P15 256 1,100 3,500 125 170 256 P20 512 2,300 3,500 150 170 512 P30 1,024 5,000 200 1,024 P40 2,048 7,500 250 2,048 P50 4,096 7,500 250 4,095 P60 8,192 16,000 500 4,095 P70 16,384 18,000 750 4,095 P80 32,727 20,000 900 4,095 Source: Managed disks pricing 1000 MB/s
  • 28. Ultra Disk Ultra Disk Offerings Disk Size (GiB) 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024- 65,536 (in increment s of 1 TiB) IOPS Range 1,200 2,400 4,800 9,600 19,200 38,400 76,800 160,000 160,000 Throughpu t Range (MB/s) 300 600 1,200 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
  • 29. Ultradisks • Often the first recommendation by Infra • Be aware of the limitations before recommending for database workloads: • Oracle 12.2 later is supported • Only supports un-cached reads and un-cached writes • Doesn't support disk snapshots, VM images, availability sets, Azure Dedicated Hosts, or Azure disk encryption • No integration with Azure Backup or Azure Site Recovery • Offers up to 16 TiB per region per subscription unless upped via support. • Isn’t available in all regions. Capacity per disk (GiB) IOPS per disk Throughput per disk (MB/s) Mininum 4 100 1 Maximum 65536 160000 2000 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/disks-enable-ultra-ssd#ga-scope-and-limitations GiB * .05, MBPs * 1.01, IOPs * .12, vCPU * 4.83
  • 30. Types of cache Settings • Available to Premium Storage • A Multi-tier caching technology, aka BlobCache • OS Disk- ReadWrite is fine, which is the default, but not for datafiles. • ReadOnly Cache is, as it caches reads, while letting writes pass through to disk. • Limit of 4095Gib on per individual premium disk • Results in any disk above a P40 for entirety will silently disable read caching. • Larger disks are preferably used without caching, otherwise additional space is wasted. P50, just allocate 4095 of the 4096 size. • Use smaller disks and choose to stripe and mirror. • M-series available and VM series dependent.
  • 31. IO Throttling • Why it happens? • No, you can’t have all the resources for yourself. • What all can be involved? • It’s not just the database. • How to identify it? • What do to when it is identified? https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/sizes-memory?toc=/azure/virtual- machines/linux/toc.json&bc=/azure/virtual-machines/linux/breadcrumb/toc.json
  • 32. Bring in Additional Solutions • High IOPS- • MBPs: Azure NetApp Files • Higher IO throughput: Consider Silk, Flashgrid Storage, Pure Storage or Excelero. • Consider disk striping of smaller disks and parallel processing at the database level. • Backups, batch loading and other challenges: • Offload backups with secondary backup solutions. • Refactor batch processing with other services, (Azure Data Factory, Azure Analysis Services, Databricks, etc.)
  • 33. Azure NetApp Files • Fully Managed, PaaS, Microsoft Azure Storage Service • All Flash Baremetal Storage • Only dependent on Nic, not VM. • *Available in Standard, Premium, (common) and Ultra, (optimal) • ANF is native to Azure Azure Files Premium Files Azure NetApp Files Premium Disk Performance 1K IOPs 100K IOPs 320K IOPs 20K IOPs Capacity Pool 5TB 100TB 500TB 32TB AD Integration Azure AD N/A Bring Your Own AD / Azure AD N/A Protocol SMB SMB NFS & SMB Disk Data Protection LRS Only Snapshots Back Up Tools Snapshots *Be aware of pricing with scaling to meet IO FAQs About Azure NetApp Files | Microsoft Docs
  • 36. When To Go Old-School • Depending on the combination of storage, striping and RAID, performance can vary greatly. • Verify that disk is striped correctly, (log creation commands and document.) • Consider smaller disk size and stripe vs. larger, single drive to offer better performance. • In Linux, consider huge pages and use LVM, (Linux Volume Manager) or Oracle ASM, (Automatic Storage Management) to provide advanced features for diskgroup layout. • Keep an eye on disk sector size, (there’s a bug requiring 512 byte sector size in Oracle 12.1)
  • 37. Failure Due to Backups • Modernize the way the database is backed up and restore if RMAN is 40% of total IO in AWR or database has small window to backup. • Archaic backup and data refresh strategies can impact a cloud environment heavily in IO and network latency • Snapshot technology with database consistency should be your FIRST choice in backup solutions for large databases. • Oracle AWR can demonstrate the impact on the overall database workload of RMAN and datapump jobs. • The Profiler can identify the workload impact in SQL Server.
  • 39. Simplify the Shift to the Cloud • Migrate your tools that you already use to monitor and manage the database on-prem into the cloud whenever possible. • For Oracle, we implement Oracle Enterprise Manager, (Cloud Control) to ensure the cloud environment looks just like their onprem one. • Redgate SQL Monitor, Solarwinds SQL Sentry, Dynatrace, Idera Uptime Infrastructure Monitor, etc. • Use features to automate OS patching using Azure Linux/Windows automated patching service. • Incorporate DevOps automation to the cloud changes FIRST.
  • 40. It’s Not Just Infrastructure • No matter if during the migration or when there are issues: • Infrastructure support will be the first line of defense. • Database workload will be an afterthought. • Data support may be a request only option. • First inclination is to “throw iron” at the problem. • Demand to look at the code, database design, etc. • If you fix the real cause, you fix it once vs. revisiting it over and over. • Do have support take advantage of advanced Azure tools to help identify where the problem is, (IO, memory, CPU)
  • 41. Manage with What You Know • Use the cloud services of what you already use on- prem. • If you can deploy your existing, on-prem tool on a VM, consider doing this, (Oracle Enterprise Manager, Redgate, Idera, Solarwinds, etc.- and its cloud ready, do it!) • Keep backup, replication tools as often as you are able- don’t create larger learning curves than what is required.
  • 42. Simulate PaaS in IaaS • Use Azure Managed Instance for SQL Server • Use Lifecycle Management Pack with Oracle Enterprise Manager to automate monitoring, management and database patching. • Use Linux Automated Patching, (preview) to automate OS patching of VMs. • Introduce Azure services to simplify the current products used onprem • Automate using DevOps, including deployment builds with Terraform, Ansible, etc.
  • 43. Review: Database Workloads on IaaS Know Know the infrastructure Know Migrate the workload, not the onprem hardware. Know Know what is the cause of the problem- don’t guess. Bring in Bring in existing tools that are cloud enabled Know Know what tools are available in the cloud and when stuck, bring in Azure support.
  • 44. References SQL Server Performance Guidelines on Azure: Checklist: Best practices & guidelines - SQL Server on Azure VM | Microsoft Docs Oracle on Azure: Oracle solutions on Microsoft Azure - Azure Virtual Machines | Microsoft Docs Understanding AZ and AS: Availability options for Azure Virtual Machines - Azure Virtual Machines | Microsoft Docs Virtual Machine and Disk Performance: Virtual machine and disk performance - Azure Virtual Machines | Microsoft Docs Azure Premium Storage: Azure Premium Storage: Design for high performance - Azure Virtual Machines | Microsoft Docs Azure Network Performance for IaaS: Optimize VM network throughput | Microsoft Docs Infrastructure Automation: Use infrastructure automation tools - Azure Virtual Machines | Microsoft Docs Ultradisks for Azure Linux VMs: • https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/disks-enable-ultra-ssd
  • 45. Thank you! Kellyn Gorman Twitter: @DBAKevlar dbakevlar@gmail.com kegorman@microsoft.com

Editor's Notes

  1. P10 is my favored OS Disk- try to always use Premium SSD, available in the VM series with the designation of “S” in the name. 30-P50 is the most common for datafiles and we turn on readonly Host caching to achieve what we need. The P50 is over the limit of 4095, so just don’t allocate the last 1g and capture a huge performance benefit!
  2. Azure Premium Storage have a multi-tier caching technology called BlobCache, which uses a combination of the host vRAM and local SSD for caching I/O. By default, this cache setting is set to Read/Write for OS disks, which is the disk on which the Linux OS resides, and ReadOnly for data disks, which are the disks on which Oracle database files might reside. As the name suggests, ReadWrite caches both read I/O and write I/O from the VM, and because writes are not persisted directly to storage, this is unsuitable for database applications. Also as the name suggests, ReadOnly caches only read I/O, allowing write I/O to write-through directly to storage, which is appropriate for databases.
  3. No one can have it all. One of the benefits of the cloud is also one of the challenges- how to give everyone a share. Throttling occurshttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/sizes-memory?toc=/azure/virtual-machines/linux/toc.json&bc=/azure/virtual-machines/linux/breadcrumb/toc.json
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