Software-Testing-Chapgdgdgsghshshshshshshs

Chapter 4:
Test Management
Test Planning
Test Management
Test Process
Test Reporting
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Test Planning
• Test Plan:
– It is a document that describes the scope , approach ,resource
and schedule required for conducting test activities.
– Following are the activities done as part of test planning
1. Preparing a Test Plan
2. Scope Management
3. Deciding a Test approach
4. Setting up criteria for testing
5. Identifying Responsibilities
6. Staffing and Training needs
7. Resources requirement
8. Test Deliverables
9. Testing task

4.Setting up criteria for testing

5.Identifying Responsibilities
• Specify no of testing staff and role
• Identify people who will responsible for
acceptance testing
• Identify test team for test environment such as
developers ,tester ,Operational staff ,testing
services etc..

6.Staffing and Training needs
• These needs communicate resource requirement and
get approval of resources.

8.Test Deliverables:
Test deliverable is any document /Script/Data related to
testing which is handover to Client/Stakeholder during or at
the end of testing phase.
Following are different types of deliverables that are
generated at every phase of SDLC:

9.Testing task
• Uses work break down structure i.e. first various task
are identified and then identify dependency among
them.
• Identify skills for testing
• Determine size estimation for testing:
• LOC (Line of Code) or FP (Function Points)
• Determine effort estimation for people:
• Days/months/years

Test Management
• It refers to the activity of managing the S/W testing
process
• Test management allows different teams to plan ,
develop , execute and access all testing activities.
1. Standards:
1.Internal Standards:
2. External standards: Customer,National,International
2. Test Infrastructure Management
3. Test People/Team Management

1.Standards
It controls the activities under testing

2.Test Infrastructure Management
• More stability , Continuity and reliability is provided to automation testing
by providing stronger infrastructure .
• It is used for supporting automated and manual s/w testing
• Testing infrastructure includes:
1. Test plan document
2. Test Cases (Planned and Designed)
3. Test environment (back end and front end)
4. Defect tracking database
5. Version control System
6. Requirement tracing tools
7. Test Labs

3.Test People Management
• Test team is formed with people with various skill and experience level.
• So to maximize quality their is need to mange a peoples which can be done
by test lead.
• Responsibilities of test lead:
1. Identify how the test team will formed.
2. Identify scope of testing.
3. Put out the test plan
4. Check what skills required for available resources.
5. Identify tools for test reporting , test management , test automation etc
6. Provide training for team
7. Create healthy environment for all resources to gain maximum
throughput.

• Test team management activities:
1. Initiate test planning activities
2. Encourage the team to conduct review meetings
3. Monitor test progress
4. Check available resources and reallocate them as required
5. Check for any delays in schedule
6. Discuss and resolve issues of testers
7. Prepare plan to resolve risk
8. Initiate timely status to the stakeholders and management.
9. Bridges gap between the testing team and the
management.

3.Test Process
• Testing is not a single activity instead it’s a set
of number of processes.
• It includes following activities:
1. Base Lining a Test Plan
2. Test Case Specification
3. Update of Traceability Matrix

1.Base Lining a Test Plan
• It is one of the type of non-functional testing.
• It refers to the validation of documents and specifications on which test cases
would be designed.
• The requirement specification validation is baseline testing.
• Generally a baseline is defined as a line that forms the base for any
construction or for measurement, comparisons or calculations.
• It is developed by competent people and and given to higher authorities for
approval . If accepted then followed for further all activities
• If changes are needed then first it is made into test plan and again approval is
needed.
• A majority of the issues are solved through baseline testing.

2.Test Case Specification
• Test case specification has to be done separately for each unit.
• Based on the approach specified in the test plan first
determine the feature to be tested for each unit.
• Based on these the test cases are specified for testing unit.
• Success of product is depending quality of test cases through
which it was passed.

3.Update of Traceability Matrix
• It act as tool that validate whether every requirement is
tested or not
• Every test case should associated with requirement and
every requirement has one or more associated test cases.
• RTM(Requirement Traceability matrix) is created in
requirement gathering phase by putting unique id to each
one.
• When a test case is finished corresponding requirement
which is being tested is updated with test specification
identifier.
• By doing this two way connection between test case and
requirement is established.

• Testability matrix helps in:
– Ensuring 100% test coverage
– Showing requirement/document inconsistencies
– Displaying the overall defect/execution status with
focus on business requirements.
– Template for RTM(Requirement Traceability
matrix) :

4.Executing Test Cases
• Proper execution of test cases is essential which will minimize the work
and reduce the time to release s/w product.
• Test execution task:
1. Follow the test procedures to execute test cases.
2. Do the confirmation testing for the failed test cases.
3. Log the result for test execution.
4. Compare actual and expected results. In case of difference defect
occurrence is reported.
5. Update defect database which is used to communicate between developer
and tester team.
6. So the execution of test cases will decide the suspension or resumption of
further test cases.

 Software Test Metrics is used in decision making.
 The test metrics is derived from raw test data.
 Because what cannot be measured cannot be
managed.
 Hence Test Metrics is used in test management.
 It helps in showing the progress of testing.
Software Test Metrics

 Provide status visibility.
 Form a basis for decision making.
 Set realistic expectations.
 Focus people’s activities.
 Supports process improvement.
Benefits of Metrics

 Requirements Volatility
 Review Efficiency
 Productivity in Test Execution
 Defect Rejection Ratio
 Defect Fix Rejection Ratio
 Delivered Defect Density
 Outstanding defect ratio
Some of the Software Test Metrics are
as below

 Formula =
 {(No. of requirements added + No. of
requirements deleted + No. of requirements
modified) / No. of initial approved requirements}
* 100
 Unit Of measure =
 Percentage
Requirements Volatility:

Collecting and Analyzing text Metrics

 Components -
 No. of Critical, Major & Minor review defects
- Effort spent on review in hours
- Weightage Factors for defects:
 Critical = 1; Major = 0.4; Minor = 0.1
 Formula =
(No. of weighted review defects/ Effort spent on reviews)
 Defects per person hour
Review Efficiency

 Formula =
 (No. of test cases executed / Time spent in test
execution)
 Test Cases per person per day
Productivity in Test Execution

 Formula =
 (No. of defects rejected / Total no. of defects raised) *
100
 Unit of Measure =
 Percentage
Defect Rejection Ratio

 Formula =
 (No. of defect fixes rejected / No. of defects fixed) * 100
 Unit of Measure =
 Percentage
Defect Fix Rejection Ratio

Test summary report
1. Test summary report is a document which contains summary of
test activities and final test results.
2. After the testing cycle it is very important that you
communicate the test results and findings to the project
stakeholders so that decisions can be made for the software
release. i.e. If further testing is required and we need to delay
the release.
3. Test summary report will be different for different kind of
testing.
4. In addition to test coverage and unresolved defects test
summary reports should also contain test strategy, test
objectives and overall result of test effort.

Advantages:
 All relevant stakeholders of the Project will be
able to see the health of AUT (application under
test).
 It will help them to take necessary steps
proactively, if required.
 It will to justify the testing effort that testing
team is putting in the project.
 It will help in building more mature process

Guidelines:
Guidelines:
Guidelines:
Guidelines:
 It should be published after every test run
cycle
 Mention all testing activities
 All reports should be maintained in a
document repository system

 Formula =
 (Total number of open defects/Total number of defects
found) * 100
 Percentage
Outstanding defect ratio
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