Test planning involves defining the scope, objectives, and activities for testing a project. It is done early in the project and produces a master test plan. Key activities include identifying what needs testing, assigning roles and resources, and defining entry and exit criteria. Estimating test effort can be done using metrics from past projects or by eliciting estimates from subject matter experts. Product characteristics, development processes, and expected test outcomes all impact the level of effort required for testing.
Testbytes is a community of software testers who are passionate about quality and love to test. We develop an in-depth understanding of the applications under test and include software testing strategies that deliver quantifiable results.
In short, we help in building incredible software.
Effective Software Test Case Design Approach highlights typical wrong approaches to software test case design and focuses on an effective methodology in test case design from a collaborative approach.
Through the use of an example requirement/user story, this presentation highlights the "interactions" between the stakeholders, i.e. Product Owner, Developer, and Test Engineer in the development of user story acceptance criteria, details, test scope, and effective, consistent and valid test cases.
In this session you will learn:
Test Strategy and Planning
Test Strategy Document
Test Planning
Test Estimation Techniques
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/qa-software-testing-training-for-beginners/
The document discusses software testing, outlining key achievements in the field, dreams for the future of testing, and ongoing challenges. Some of the achievements mentioned include establishing testing as an essential software engineering activity, developing test process models, and advancing testing techniques for object-oriented and component-based systems. The dreams include developing a universal test theory, enabling fully automated testing, and maximizing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of testing. Current challenges pertain to testing modern complex systems and evolving software.
The document provides an overview of the agenda and content for Day 1 of an ISTQB Foundation Level training course. It begins with an introduction to ISTQB, including what it is, its purpose, and certification levels. It then outlines the agenda for Day 1, which includes introductions to ISTQB, principles of testing, testing throughout the software development lifecycle, static testing techniques, and tool support for testing. The document provides details on each of these topics, such as definitions of testing, principles of testing, software development models, testing levels, types of testing, and examples of static testing techniques.
The document discusses various aspects of the software testing process including verification and validation strategies, test phases, metrics, configuration management, test development, and defect tracking. It provides details on unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and other test phases. Metrics covered include functional coverage, software maturity, and reliability. Configuration management and defect tracking processes are also summarized.
This document provides a template for a test plan that includes sections for test plan identification, references, introduction/scope, test items, risks, features to be tested, approach/strategy, pass/fail criteria, deliverables, schedule, responsibilities, and approvals. The template can be used to create a test plan that outlines what will be tested, how it will be tested, and manages the test process.
Software test management presentation given to the senior management of several Fortune 100 companies to aid them in planning their software development management efforts.
Choosing the right QA strategy for a successful project
- Why is QA the most important factor behind successful software projects? QA helps create high quality products through well-defined processes without shortcuts in development.
- How to develop quality software and not go bankrupt? Choose the optimal QA strategy including the right testing approach, layers, and automation for cost-effective quality.
- Which types of tests will be the best? Consider the Test Pyramid vs Testing Trophy to discuss and decide on the best testing types including integration, unit, and end-to-end tests.
This document discusses simplifying test plans by removing unnecessary information and keeping them dynamic. It recommends including only essential information like test ownership, the system configuration under test, definition of done, identified risks, test activities, and a dynamic test schedule. The test plan should evolve continuously through a self-learning loop to improve test scope based on lessons learned. Static information can be moved to other documents to keep the test plan focused on guiding the test project.
The document discusses software testing concepts and processes. It defines key terms like errors, faults, failures, test cases, test suites and test harnesses. It describes different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing. It explains the testing process which involves test planning, designing test cases, and test execution. Defects found during testing are logged and tracked through different states from submission to fixing to verification and closure. Test cases are specified in documents before usage to ensure quality.
This document outlines a test plan template for testing a product. The template includes sections for objectives and tasks, scope, testing strategy including various types of testing, hardware and environment requirements, test schedule, control procedures, features to be tested, resources and responsibilities, dependencies, risks, tools, and approvals. The testing strategy section describes the definition, participants, and methodology for unit testing, system and integration testing, performance and stress testing, user acceptance testing, and other types of testing.
The 7 software testing principles briefly explained. Everyone who works in software development company should know these principles.
It happens frequently that testers or qa people are not taken into account as part of the process in the software development lifecycle and this happens expecially when the principles are not known.
This test plan document outlines the testing approach for a project. It includes sections on objectives, resources, schedule, functions to be tested, levels of testing, types of testing, risks, test environment, deliverables, version history, and approval. The objective is to verify and validate a module/application against its specifications. Various types of testing are listed including unit, integration, system, GUI, functionality, regression, compatibility, and more. Resources, schedule, test cases, defect log, and environment are also defined.
The document discusses the phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC). It begins by introducing the group members and defining software testing as a process to find bugs by executing a program. It then outlines the six main phases of the STLC: 1) Requirements analysis to understand requirements and identify test cases, 2) Test planning to create test plans and strategies, 3) Test case development to write test cases and scripts, 4) Environment setup to prepare the test environment, 5) Test execution and bug reporting to run tests and log defects, and 6) Test cycle closure to review testing artifacts and lessons learned. Each phase is described in 1-2 sentences with its activities, deliverables, and examples provided.
Test Life Cycle - Manual Testing Concept.guestf9bc
The document outlines the key steps in a software testing life cycle including test plan preparation, test case design, test execution and logging, defect tracking, and test reporting. It provides details on each step such as what a test plan and test case include, how defects are tracked and prioritized, and the roles and responsibilities of various testers.
The document discusses test planning and outlines several topics that should be addressed in a test plan, including high-level expectations, people and resources, definitions, test phases and strategies, resource requirements, tester assignments, schedules, test cases, bug reporting, metrics, and risks. The overall goal of test planning is to communicate the testing team's intentions, expectations, and understanding of the testing to be performed.
Testbytes is a community of software testers who are passionate about quality and love to test. We develop an in-depth understanding of the applications under test and include software testing strategies that deliver quantifiable results.
In short, we help in building incredible software.
Effective Software Test Case Design Approach highlights typical wrong approaches to software test case design and focuses on an effective methodology in test case design from a collaborative approach.
Through the use of an example requirement/user story, this presentation highlights the "interactions" between the stakeholders, i.e. Product Owner, Developer, and Test Engineer in the development of user story acceptance criteria, details, test scope, and effective, consistent and valid test cases.
In this session you will learn:
Test Strategy and Planning
Test Strategy Document
Test Planning
Test Estimation Techniques
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/qa-software-testing-training-for-beginners/
The document discusses software testing, outlining key achievements in the field, dreams for the future of testing, and ongoing challenges. Some of the achievements mentioned include establishing testing as an essential software engineering activity, developing test process models, and advancing testing techniques for object-oriented and component-based systems. The dreams include developing a universal test theory, enabling fully automated testing, and maximizing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of testing. Current challenges pertain to testing modern complex systems and evolving software.
The document provides an overview of the agenda and content for Day 1 of an ISTQB Foundation Level training course. It begins with an introduction to ISTQB, including what it is, its purpose, and certification levels. It then outlines the agenda for Day 1, which includes introductions to ISTQB, principles of testing, testing throughout the software development lifecycle, static testing techniques, and tool support for testing. The document provides details on each of these topics, such as definitions of testing, principles of testing, software development models, testing levels, types of testing, and examples of static testing techniques.
The document discusses various aspects of the software testing process including verification and validation strategies, test phases, metrics, configuration management, test development, and defect tracking. It provides details on unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and other test phases. Metrics covered include functional coverage, software maturity, and reliability. Configuration management and defect tracking processes are also summarized.
This document provides a template for a test plan that includes sections for test plan identification, references, introduction/scope, test items, risks, features to be tested, approach/strategy, pass/fail criteria, deliverables, schedule, responsibilities, and approvals. The template can be used to create a test plan that outlines what will be tested, how it will be tested, and manages the test process.
Software test management overview for managersTJamesLeDoux
Software test management presentation given to the senior management of several Fortune 100 companies to aid them in planning their software development management efforts.
Choosing the right QA strategy for a successful projectThe Software House
- Why is QA the most important factor behind successful software projects? QA helps create high quality products through well-defined processes without shortcuts in development.
- How to develop quality software and not go bankrupt? Choose the optimal QA strategy including the right testing approach, layers, and automation for cost-effective quality.
- Which types of tests will be the best? Consider the Test Pyramid vs Testing Trophy to discuss and decide on the best testing types including integration, unit, and end-to-end tests.
This document discusses simplifying test plans by removing unnecessary information and keeping them dynamic. It recommends including only essential information like test ownership, the system configuration under test, definition of done, identified risks, test activities, and a dynamic test schedule. The test plan should evolve continuously through a self-learning loop to improve test scope based on lessons learned. Static information can be moved to other documents to keep the test plan focused on guiding the test project.
The document discusses software testing concepts and processes. It defines key terms like errors, faults, failures, test cases, test suites and test harnesses. It describes different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing. It explains the testing process which involves test planning, designing test cases, and test execution. Defects found during testing are logged and tracked through different states from submission to fixing to verification and closure. Test cases are specified in documents before usage to ensure quality.
This document outlines a test plan template for testing a product. The template includes sections for objectives and tasks, scope, testing strategy including various types of testing, hardware and environment requirements, test schedule, control procedures, features to be tested, resources and responsibilities, dependencies, risks, tools, and approvals. The testing strategy section describes the definition, participants, and methodology for unit testing, system and integration testing, performance and stress testing, user acceptance testing, and other types of testing.
The 7 software testing principles briefly explained. Everyone who works in software development company should know these principles.
It happens frequently that testers or qa people are not taken into account as part of the process in the software development lifecycle and this happens expecially when the principles are not known.
This test plan document outlines the testing approach for a project. It includes sections on objectives, resources, schedule, functions to be tested, levels of testing, types of testing, risks, test environment, deliverables, version history, and approval. The objective is to verify and validate a module/application against its specifications. Various types of testing are listed including unit, integration, system, GUI, functionality, regression, compatibility, and more. Resources, schedule, test cases, defect log, and environment are also defined.
Software Testing and Quality Assurance Assignment 3Gurpreet singh
Short questions :
Que 1 : Define Software Testing.
Que 2 : What is risk identification ?
Que 3 : What is SCM ?
Que 4 : Define Debugging.
Que 5 : Explain Configuration audit.
Que 6 : Differentiate between white box testing & black box testing.
Que 7 : What do you mean by metrics ?
Que 8 : What do you mean by version control ?
Que 9 : Explain Object Oriented Software Engineering.
Que 10 : What are the advantages and disadvantages of manual testing tools ?
Long Questions:
Que 1 : What do you mean by baselines ? Explain their importance.
Que 2 : What do you mean by change control ? Explain the various steps in detail.
Que 3 : Explain various types of testing in detail.
Que 4 : Differentiate between automated testing and manual testing.
Que 5 : What is web engineering ? Explain in detail its model and features.
Applied Psych Test Design: Part A--Planning, development frameworks & domain/...Kevin McGrew
The Art and Science of Applied Test Development. This is the first in a series of PPT modules explicating the development of psychological tests in the domain of cognitive ability using contemporary methods (e.g., theory-driven test specification; IRT-Rasch scaling; etc.). The presentations are intended to be conceptual and not statistical in nature. Feedback is appreciated.
The document discusses test effort estimation which involves estimating the resources, time, and skills required to test a project. The test manager is typically responsible for test estimation. The steps include identifying components and test strategies, tasks, software size and complexity, and inputs to estimate test effort. The estimate is then used to prepare a test plan and validate the estimate after the project. Common techniques discussed are function point analysis, COCOMO model, and test point analysis.
Agile Certification Professional (PMI-ACP) Certification is the most coveted agile certification for project managers offered by the reputed PMI Institute. PMI-ACP certification is globally acknowledged and is valid across industries. Prepare for PMP exam with Simplilearn and make us a part of your success story. Simplilearn brings to you online PMI-ACP exam prep course that gives you the liberty to study at your pace and from your own place. This PMI-ACP presentation provides you a complete overview of basics of agile certification. Each slide covers PMI-ACP topics based on PMI-ACP exam syllabus and is prepared by our certified agile practitioners who have years of experience in agile environment. Get an understanding of PMI-ACP framework, agile methodologies, agile principles and its implementations in various projects. Cited examples and practice questions based on agile course and industry specific subjects provide better insights on each topic improving your confidence and knowledge towards attaining the agile certification goal.
The document discusses test planning and outlines the key phases and activities in a test planning process. It emphasizes that an important part of planning is creating a test plan that is derived from an overall master test plan. The planning phase involves determining what will be tested based on business needs and risks, and managing the test process and different test types. It stresses the importance of coordination across test levels, phases, and types using a master test plan to avoid duplicative testing.
This document discusses test organization and planning. It covers establishing independence between testers and developers, creating test plans and strategies, estimating testing efforts, and defining roles for test leaders and testers. Effective testing requires independent testers, test plans with objectives and risks, and estimating tasks and resources. Test leaders plan and monitor testing while testers analyze requirements and design, prepare, execute, and document tests.
The document discusses software testing throughout the software development life cycle. It covers key topics like software development life cycle models, test levels, test types, and maintenance testing. Test levels include component testing, integration testing, and system testing. Software development life cycle models can be sequential, iterative, or incremental. The document provides details on various models like waterfall, V-model, spiral, agile development, etc. It also discusses test planning, test design techniques, integration strategies like big bang, top-down and bottom-up integration.
Test planning AND concepts planning Test planning AND concepts planningpushpait
Test planning involves creating a test plan document that provides a framework for achieving testing goals and objectives. The test plan describes the test strategy, schedule, and deliverables required. It identifies what will be tested, who will test, how it will be tested, and when testing will begin and end. The test plan also outlines responsibilities, risks, costs, and obtains necessary approvals.
Things to keep in mind before starting a test planNexSoftsys
If you are going to start a test plan, then you will know that most of the time in software testing, there is more debate on its quality and plan of activities. Today many things are worth noting, but you have to pay attention to these important things before starting the test plan.
The document discusses test planning and documentation. It defines test planning as creating test cases and strategies to control and communicate testing. A test plan scope, approach, resources, schedule and identifies items to test. Objectives are to design verification, manage efforts, and find bugs. It recommends types of tests to cover and provides a template for test plans with components like lists, tables, and matrices.
Measurements &milestones for monitoring and controllingDhiraj Singh
The document discusses various metrics that can be used to monitor testing progress, evaluate quality, and determine when to stop testing. It recommends defining meaningful metrics and milestones in the test plan. Metrics should track progress towards milestones, tester productivity, defects found, requirements coverage, and budgets. Graphs of trends can show phases of the monitoring process over time. Regular meetings allow managers to evaluate if testing is on schedule and on budget.
The document outlines the key activities in a fundamental test process, including test planning and control, test analysis and design, test implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It describes the major tasks within each activity in the order they are typically performed, such as determining test scope and objectives in test planning, reviewing requirements and designing tests in test analysis and design, implementing test cases and executing tests, assessing whether exit criteria are met, and archiving testware upon completion.
The document discusses test planning, analysis, design, implementation, and execution. It describes the roles and responsibilities of test analysts in each phase of testing. This includes activities like creating test cases and conditions, designing test suites, implementing test data and environments, executing tests, and logging test results. Test implementation is influenced by factors like the development lifecycle model, quality characteristics, test infrastructure, and exit criteria.
The document outlines the steps to create a software test plan, including analyzing the product, developing a test strategy, defining objectives and criteria, planning resources and the test environment, creating a schedule and estimates, and determining deliverables. It emphasizes that a test plan is a blueprint that ensures testing activities are properly monitored and controlled. Key benefits of a test plan include preventing missed issues and ensuring quality and requirements compliance.
The document provides an overview of fundamentals of testing including the testing process, psychology of testing, and exams. It describes the typical activities in a test process including test planning, monitoring and control, analysis, design, implementation, execution, and completion. For each activity, it outlines the common tasks and work products. It also discusses how human psychology and the different mindsets of testers and developers can impact testing. The document emphasizes the importance of independence in testing to avoid author bias and more effectively find defects.
This document discusses software test documentation standards and processes. It describes the IEEE 829 standard for software test documentation, which includes a test planning and control process involving test plans, analysis and design involving test cases and procedures, implementation and execution involving bug reports and test procedures, and evaluation and reporting involving status reports and test logs. It provides details on various test documentation artifacts like test plans, test designs, test cases, test procedures, and reports. It explains the purpose, structure, and contents of each artifact to provide documentation at different stages of the testing process.
The document outlines the software validation process which includes developing test software to check if a software was created according to customer specifications. It describes the human and material resources needed and constraints of limited resources and budget. It provides an overview and details the key project steps of documentation, test bench setup, test development, execution, reporting, result analysis, defect retesting, regression testing, and closure. The goal is to test the software thoroughly while keeping the project on time and within budget.
The document outlines a test plan, which describes the scope, approach, resources, and schedule for software testing activities. It defines key elements like test items, features to be tested, test tasks, roles and responsibilities, deliverables, environment needs, tools, defect management process, risks, and exit criteria. The test plan provides a blueprint to guide testing in a structured and organized manner.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing such as the testing life cycle, requirement traceability matrix, test planning, different types of testing, challenges in testing, test team approaches, and cost aspects. It emphasizes that testing is an important process to identify defects and improve quality but is often undervalued. A structured approach and clear policies are needed to make testing effective. Tracking metrics like defect trends and test team efficiency can help optimize the testing process.
The document discusses principles and methods of agile testing. It describes various agile testing techniques like behavior driven development, acceptance test driven development, and exploratory testing. The benefits of agile testing are outlined as well as considerations for test planning, risk-based testing, and communicating test results in an agile environment. Automated testing is discussed including what to automate and tools to use for test automation in agile projects.
The document discusses various aspects of developing a test strategy for software projects. It covers topics like test levels, roles and responsibilities, test types, test methodologies, test estimation processes, risk analysis and management. Some key points include defining the scope, risks, test priorities and approach in the strategy. It also discusses test estimation techniques like use case points, function points and test case points to estimate the testing effort.
The document discusses test management which includes test planning, test process, test reporting, and test metrics. It provides details on developing a test plan, test case specification, requirement traceability matrix, and executing test cases. The key aspects of test management are test standards, infrastructure management, and people/team management. Test metrics such as requirements volatility, review efficiency, productivity, and defect ratios are used for test oversight and decision making. A test summary report communicates the results of testing to stakeholders and includes test coverage, outstanding defects, and an overall assessment of the testing effort.
The document outlines the software validation process which includes test development to check if software meets customer specifications. It describes the human and material resources needed for testing as well as constraints like limited resources and budget. The validation process involves documentation, test setup, development and execution, reporting, result analysis, defect retesting, regression testing, and closure to archive results for future projects.
The document discusses test planning and management. It covers topics like test strategy, test plan, test automation, mutation testing, defects in software engineering, manual vs automation testing challenges, skills of quality testers, agile testing, and the Selenium testing tool. It provides information on creating test plans according to IEEE standards and discusses the components, requirements, and benefits of test automation frameworks and tools.
1. TEST PLANNING & ESTIMATION,
TEST PLANNING & ACTIVITIES,
TEST ESTIMATION
BY KAYLA AND LESLIE
2. TEST PLANNING & ESTIMATION
• Test planning is the most important activity undertaken by a test leader in any test project.
• Ensures there is a list of tasks and milestones in a baseline plan to track progress .
• Defining the shape and size of the test effort.
3. WHEN IS TEST PLANNING USED?
• Used in development and implementation projects as well as maintenance (Change and fix) activities.
4. DOCUMENTS IN TEST PLANNING
• The main document produced in test planning is called a master test plan or project test plan.
• This document defines the high level of test activities being planned.
• Normally produced in early stages of project.
• Provides sufficient information to enable a test project to be established.
• The details of the test-level activities are documented within test-level plans.
9. WAIT… THERE IS AN ACRONYM??? SPACEDIRT
To help remember the 16 sections of IEEE 829 test plan
10. TEST PLANNING ACTIVITIES
The following are required activities for Test Planning, for both whole or part systems: Part 1
• Determine the scope and risks that need testing, involve the Project Manager and Subject
Manager.
• Identify and agree on the objectives of testing, with a focus on TIME, QUALITY and COST.
• Objectives assist Manager’s to know when the Test Project is finished.
• A Test Strategy (Overall Approach) ensures that test levels, entry criteria and exit criteria are
defined.
• Liaise with the Project Manager ensuring testing activities have been included within the
Software Life Cycle activities such as:
Design – the development of Software Design
Development – the building of the code
Implementation – the activities surrounding implementation into a live environment
11. TEST PLANNING ACTIVITIES
The following are required activities for Test Planning, for both whole or part systems: Part 2
• Identifying what needs to be tested, who will be performing the testing and in which roles.
• How and when the test activities should take place .
• Deciding on test result evaluation and when to stop testing (Exit Criteria).
• Create a Plan to identify when and who will undertake the test analysis and design activities along
with the documentation of the schedule for test implementation, test execution and test evaluation.
• Sourcing and delegating resources for each defined activity.
• Decide on the format of test project documentation, and which plans and test cases will be
documented.
• Define Management information including the metrics required, establishing processes to monitor
and control test preparation and execution along with defect resolution and risk issues.
• Ensure that test documentation generates test assets i.e. test cases.
12. ENTRY CRITERIA
• Entry Criteria defines when a test activity can start.
• Can include the start of a level of testing, start of test design and/or start of test execution.
• The stages of Entry Criteria to Test Execution are as follows:
1. Test tools installed in the environment are ready for use.
2. Testable code is available.
3. All test data is available and correct.
4. All test design activity has completed.
13. EXIT CRITERIA
• Exit Criteria is used to decide when a test activity has been completed or needs to stop.
• Exit Criteria can be defined for all test activities such as planning, specification and execution or
for a specific test level for test specification and execution.
• Examples of Exit Criteria are as follows:
All tests planned have been run.
A certain level of requirements coverage has been achieved.
All high risk areas have been fully tested, leaving only minor risk outstanding.
Cost – when the budget has been spent.
The schedule has been achieved i.e. Product has to go live due to reaching its release date.
• Exit Criteria should have been agreed as early as possible in the life cycle. However, often subject
to change as the project progresses.
14. TEST ESTIMATION
• There are two very different Test Estimation approaches. They are:
• The Metrics based approach – data based.
• The Expert based approach – subjective based.
15. TEST ESTIMATION
• The Metrics-based approach
• Relies upon data collected from previous or similar projects. Data collected might included the
following:
Number of Test Conditions.
Number of Test Cases written.
Number of Test Cases executed.
Time taken to develop Test Cases.
Time taken to run Test Cases.
Number of defects found.
Number of environment outages and average length as to how long each one lasted.
• It is essential for this approach to be a success is that actual costs and time for testing is
accurately recorded.
• The record cards from one project can be used for the metrics for the next project.
16. TEST ESTIMATION
• The Expert-based approach Part 1
• Also known as the Wide Band Delphi approach. Relies on the experience of owners of relevant tasks
or from experts to derive an estimate.
• In this context experts might be as follows:
Business Experts.
Test Process Consultants.
Developers.
Technical Architects.
Analysts and Designers.
Others with knowledge of the applications to be tested or the tasks involved in the process.
17. TEST ESTIMATION
• The Expert-based approach Part 2
• Examples of how the Expert-based approach can be applied.
1. Distribute to task owners requirement specification, and ask them in private (or when alone) to
estimate their task. Then amalgamate all the individual estimates and arrive at an estimate with built in
any required contingency.
2. Distribute requirement specifications to experts to develop their individual view of the overall
estimate, and then meet collectively to decide upon an agreed estimate.
Expert estimating can be done individually or collectively using either or both the examples given above.
18. CONCLUSION
• Many things affect the level of effort required to fulfil the test requirements of a project.
These can be split into three main categories, as listed below.
1. Product characteristics
2. Development process characteristics
3. Expected outcome of testing
19. CONCLUSION
• Product characteristics:
Size of the test basis
Complexity of the final product
The amount of non-functional requirements
The security requirements (perhaps meeting BS 7799, the security standard)
How much documentation is required (e.g. some legislation-driven changes demand a certain
level of documentation that may be more than an organisation would normally produce)
The availability and quality of the test basis (e.g. requirements and specifications)
20. CONCLUSION
• Development process characteristics:
• Timescales.
• Amount of budget available.
• Skills of those involved in the testing and development activity (the lower the skill level in
development, the more defects could be introduced, and the lower the skill level in testing, the
more detailed the test documentation needs to be).
• Which tools are being used across the life cycle (i.e. the amount of automated testing will affect
the effort required).
21. CONCLUSION
• Expected outcome of testing:
The amount of errors.
Test cases to be written.
The Final Word!
• Taking all of this into account, once the estimate is developed and agreed the test leader can set about
identifying the required resources and building the detailed plan.