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CQL In Cassandra 1.0 (and beyond)

       Big Data DC Meetup #5
          October 17, 2011

                Eric Evans
            eric@acunu.com
          @jericevans, @acunu
●   Overview, history, motivation
●   Changes in CQL 2.0 (Cassandra 1.0)
●   Coming soon (?)
●   Drivers status
What?
●   Cassandra Query Language
    ●   aka CQL
    ●   aka /ˈsēkwəl/
●   Exactly like SQL (except where it's not)
●   Introduced in Cassandra 0.8.0
●   Ready for production use
SQL? Almost.

–- Inserts or updates
INSERT INTO Standard1 (KEY, col0, col1)
VALUES (key, value0, value1)
                   vs.
–- Inserts or updates
UPDATE Standard1
SET col0=value0, col1=value1 WHERE KEY=key

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SQL? Almost.
–- Get columns for a row
SELECT col0,col1 FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key

–- Range of columns for a row
SELECT col0..colN
    FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key

–- First 10 results from a range of columns
SELECT FIRST 10 col0..colN
    FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key

–- Invert the sorting of results
SELECT REVERSED col0..colN
    FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key
Why?
Interface Instability
(Un)ease of use
Column col = new Column(ByteBuffer.wrap(“name”.getBytes()));
col.setValue(ByteBuffer.wrap(“value”.getBytes()));
col.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());

ColumnOrSuperColumn cosc = new ColumnOrSuperColumn();
cosc.setColumn(col);
Mutation mutation = new Mutation();
Mutation.setColumnOrSuperColumn(cosc);
List mutations = new ArrayList<Mutation>();
mutations.add(mutation);
Map mutations_map = new HashMap<ByteBuffer, Map<String, List<Mutation>>>();
Map cf_map = new HashMap<String, List<Mutation>>();
cf_map.set(“Standard1”, mutations);
mutations.put(ByteBuffer.wrap(“key”.getBytes()), cf_map)

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 ●   We had a few FUBARs in the first pass
 ●   Not the norm, honest
 ●   It's a mulligan
 ●   Look, cats!
Changed in 2.0
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    not column count
●   Terms / Types
    ●   bytea became blob
    ●   int became 4-bytes (was arbitrary precision)
    ●   date became timestamp

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–- An unnamed key uses the KEY keyword
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–- 1 not enough? Go nuts.
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–- Inserts or updates
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CQL In Cassandra 1.0 (and beyond)

  • 1. CQL In Cassandra 1.0 (and beyond) Big Data DC Meetup #5 October 17, 2011 Eric Evans eric@acunu.com @jericevans, @acunu
  • 2. Overview, history, motivation ● Changes in CQL 2.0 (Cassandra 1.0) ● Coming soon (?) ● Drivers status
  • 3. What? ● Cassandra Query Language ● aka CQL ● aka /ˈsēkwəl/ ● Exactly like SQL (except where it's not) ● Introduced in Cassandra 0.8.0 ● Ready for production use
  • 4. SQL? Almost. –- Inserts or updates INSERT INTO Standard1 (KEY, col0, col1) VALUES (key, value0, value1) vs. –- Inserts or updates UPDATE Standard1 SET col0=value0, col1=value1 WHERE KEY=key
  • 5. SQL? Almost. –- Get columns for a row SELECT col0,col1 FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key –- Range of columns for a row SELECT col0..colN FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key –- First 10 results from a range of columns SELECT FIRST 10 col0..colN FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key –- Invert the sorting of results SELECT REVERSED col0..colN FROM Standard1 WHERE KEY=key
  • 8. (Un)ease of use Column col = new Column(ByteBuffer.wrap(“name”.getBytes())); col.setValue(ByteBuffer.wrap(“value”.getBytes())); col.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()); ColumnOrSuperColumn cosc = new ColumnOrSuperColumn(); cosc.setColumn(col); Mutation mutation = new Mutation(); Mutation.setColumnOrSuperColumn(cosc); List mutations = new ArrayList<Mutation>(); mutations.add(mutation); Map mutations_map = new HashMap<ByteBuffer, Map<String, List<Mutation>>>(); Map cf_map = new HashMap<String, List<Mutation>>(); cf_map.set(“Standard1”, mutations); mutations.put(ByteBuffer.wrap(“key”.getBytes()), cf_map)
  • 9. CQL INSERT INTO Standard1 (KEY, col0) VALUES (key, value0)
  • 10. Why? How about... ● Better stability guarantees ● Easier to use (you already know it) ● Better code readability / maintainability
  • 11. Why? How about... ● Better stability guarantees ● Easier to use (you already know it) ● Better code readability / maintainability ● Irritates the NoSQL purists
  • 12. Why? How about... ● Better stability guarantees ● Easier to use (you already know it) ● Better code readability / maintainability ● Irritates the NoSQL purists ● (Still )irritates the SQL purists
  • 15. Wait, 2.0? You call that stable? Yes yes, but... ● We had a few FUBARs in the first pass ● Not the norm, honest ● It's a mulligan ● Look, cats!
  • 16. Changed in 2.0 ● SELECT count(...) FROM now returns row, not column count ● Terms / Types ● bytea became blob ● int became 4-bytes (was arbitrary precision) ● date became timestamp
  • 17. Also new (but not breaking) ● Named keys (virtual columns) ● Counters ● Complete DDL support ● Timestamps and TTLs
  • 18. Named Keys –- An unnamed key uses the KEY keyword CREATE TABLE Standard1 (KEY text PRIMARY KEY) –- But you can also name one like so... CREATE TABLE Standard1 (username text PRIMARY KEY) –- The name will also be used in results! SELECT email FROM Standard1 WHERE username = 'jericevans'
  • 19. Counters –- Counter increment UPDATE Standard1 SET acount = acount + 1 WHERE KEY = key –- Counter decrement UPDATE Standard1 SET acount = acount - 1 WHERE KEY = key –- 1 not enough? Go nuts. UPDATE Standard1 SET acount = acount + 9 WHERE KEY = key
  • 20. Timestamps and TTLs –- Inserts or updates UPDATE CFam USING TIMESTAMP 131851901600 SET col0=value0, col1=value1 WHERE KEY=key –- Inserts or updates UPDATE CFam USING TTL 86400 SET col0=value0, col1=value1 WHERE KEY=key
  • 22. Roadmap ● Prepared statements (CASSANDRA-2475) ● Compound columns (CASSANDRA-2474) ● Custom transport / protocol (CASSANDRA-2478) ● Performance testing (CASSANDRA-2268) ● Schema introspection (CASSANDRA-2477) ● Multiget support (CASSANDRA-3069)
  • 24. Drivers ● Hosted on Apache Extras (Google Code) ● Tagged cassandra and cql ● Licensed using Apache License 2.0 ● Conforming to a standard for database connectivity (if applicable) ● Coming soon, automated testing and acceptance criteria
  • 25. Drivers Driver Platform Status cassandra-jdbc Java Good cassandra-dbapi2 Python Good cassandra-ruby Ruby New cassandra-pdo PHP New cassandra-node Node.js Good http://code.google.com/a/apache-extras.org/hosting/search?q=label%3aCassandra