The document describes the software testing life cycle (STLC) process which includes test planning, test development, test execution, result analysis, defect management, and summarized reports. It then provides more details on each step, including objectives, participants, and deliverables. It also defines test strategy and test plan documents, describing their purpose and typical components.
Software testing is an important phase of the software development process that evaluates the functionality and quality of a software application. It involves executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors. Some key points:
- Software testing is needed to identify defects, ensure customer satisfaction, and deliver high quality products with lower maintenance costs.
- It is important for different stakeholders like developers, testers, managers, and end users to work together throughout the testing process.
- There are various types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and different methodologies like manual and automated testing. Proper documentation is also important.
- Testing helps improve the overall quality of software but can never prove that there
This document discusses exploratory testing and defines it as "Any testing to the extent that the tester actively controls the design of the tests as those tests are performed and uses information gained while testing to design new and better tests." It describes how all testers do some exploratory testing. Exploratory testers rely on a variety of knowledge, including knowledge of specific domains, risks, and testing techniques. Exploratory testing can differ based on a tester's personality and experiences. Questioning strategies like the Phoenix Checklist can help exploratory testers generate effective questions to test software.
This presentation gives you a walkthorugh on CTFL module 01.
Covers in detail about-
1. Fundamentals of testing
2. Terminologies in testing
3. Seven testing principles
4. Fundamental test process
The document discusses software testing concepts including:
- Quality assurance ensures processes are established to produce products that meet specifications.
- Testing determines if a product meets requirements and identifies failures to meet requirements.
- A test plan is written by the lead tester and includes the testing strategy, resources, and plans. It outlines test cases and procedures to validate software meets specifications.
- Testing begins in the define system phase to ensure requirements are testable, and continues through subsequent phases including product testing, acceptance testing, and deployment. Documentation and repeatable processes are critical to quality assurance.
This document discusses various static and dynamic testing techniques. It explains that static testing is done manually without executing code, such as reviews and inspections. Dynamic testing requires executing the code using techniques like unit testing. Black box techniques like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, and state transition testing are covered, along with an example for each. White box techniques focus on internal code structure and test coverage metrics. The document provides details on different testing techniques for testers to design effective test cases.
The document discusses principles of software testing including why testing is necessary, common testing terminology, and the testing process. It describes the testing process as having six key steps: 1) planning, 2) specification, 3) execution, 4) recording, 5) checking completion, and 6) planning at a more detailed level. It emphasizes prioritizing tests to address highest risks and outlines factors that influence how much testing is needed such as contractual requirements, industry standards, and risk levels.
The document discusses various types of tools that support software testing. It describes test management tools, requirements management tools, incident management tools, configuration management tools, review process support tools, static analysis tools, modeling tools, test design tools, test data preparation tools, test execution tools, test harnesses, test comparators, coverage measurement tools, security tools, monitoring tools, performance testing tools, and dynamic analysis tools. It also discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using testing tools.
Static analysis techniques can analyze source code without executing it to find potential issues. It checks for violations of coding standards and detects problems like unreachable code, undeclared variables, and array index errors. Data flow analysis examines how variables are defined and used. Control flow analysis checks for unreachable nodes, infinite loops, and conformance to flow patterns. Cyclomatic complexity measures a program's structural complexity. Static analysis has limitations but can efficiently find certain faults before testing begins.
This document contains 151 interview questions related to software testing. The questions cover a wide range of testing topics including definitions of software testing, the difference between various testing types, the testing process, test planning and documentation, defect management, and other quality assurance and development processes. Responses would require in-depth knowledge of software testing practices, tools, and methodologies.
Software testing is an important phase of the software development process that evaluates the functionality and quality of a software application. It involves executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors. Some key points:
- Software testing is needed to identify defects, ensure customer satisfaction, and deliver high quality products with lower maintenance costs.
- It is important for different stakeholders like developers, testers, managers, and end users to work together throughout the testing process.
- There are various types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and different methodologies like manual and automated testing. Proper documentation is also important.
- Testing helps improve the overall quality of software but can never prove that there
This document discusses exploratory testing and defines it as "Any testing to the extent that the tester actively controls the design of the tests as those tests are performed and uses information gained while testing to design new and better tests." It describes how all testers do some exploratory testing. Exploratory testers rely on a variety of knowledge, including knowledge of specific domains, risks, and testing techniques. Exploratory testing can differ based on a tester's personality and experiences. Questioning strategies like the Phoenix Checklist can help exploratory testers generate effective questions to test software.
This presentation gives you a walkthorugh on CTFL module 01.
Covers in detail about-
1. Fundamentals of testing
2. Terminologies in testing
3. Seven testing principles
4. Fundamental test process
The document discusses software testing concepts including:
- Quality assurance ensures processes are established to produce products that meet specifications.
- Testing determines if a product meets requirements and identifies failures to meet requirements.
- A test plan is written by the lead tester and includes the testing strategy, resources, and plans. It outlines test cases and procedures to validate software meets specifications.
- Testing begins in the define system phase to ensure requirements are testable, and continues through subsequent phases including product testing, acceptance testing, and deployment. Documentation and repeatable processes are critical to quality assurance.
This document discusses various static and dynamic testing techniques. It explains that static testing is done manually without executing code, such as reviews and inspections. Dynamic testing requires executing the code using techniques like unit testing. Black box techniques like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, and state transition testing are covered, along with an example for each. White box techniques focus on internal code structure and test coverage metrics. The document provides details on different testing techniques for testers to design effective test cases.
The document discusses principles of software testing including why testing is necessary, common testing terminology, and the testing process. It describes the testing process as having six key steps: 1) planning, 2) specification, 3) execution, 4) recording, 5) checking completion, and 6) planning at a more detailed level. It emphasizes prioritizing tests to address highest risks and outlines factors that influence how much testing is needed such as contractual requirements, industry standards, and risk levels.
The document discusses software testing and preparation for the ISTQB Foundation Certification exam. It covers topics like quality assurance and control, different software development and testing models, types of testing, the testing life cycle, defect management, and test automation. It provides descriptions and explanations of these key testing concepts.
This document provides information about manual testing and the software development lifecycle. It discusses various testing concepts like types of testing (unit, integration, system), testing methodologies (black box, white box, gray box testing), testing levels, and software development process models like waterfall, prototype, evolutionary, and spiral models. It also defines key terms used in software testing and development such as requirements documents, design documents, defects, test cases, environments, and more.
The document discusses software testing concepts and processes. It defines key terms like errors, faults, failures, test cases, test suites and test harnesses. It describes different types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing. It explains the testing process which involves test planning, designing test cases, and test execution. Defects found during testing are logged and tracked through different states from submission to fixing to verification and closure. Test cases are specified in documents before usage to ensure quality.
This document contains the syllabus for a course on software verification, validation, and testing (CSE 565). It lists the topics that will be covered each week, including testing techniques like requirements-based testing, exploratory testing, structure-based testing, integration testing, and usability testing. It also covers testing at different stages like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing. The document provides an overview of the areas and concepts that will be learned throughout the course.
The document outlines a test plan for a Waste Management Inspection Tracking System (WMITS) software. It discusses the goals of testing, including making the software bug-free. It then describes the different types of testing that will be done, including unit, integration, validation, and high-order testing. Finally, it provides a schedule and resources for carrying out the testing.
This document summarizes Rex Black's book on risk-based testing strategies. It discusses:
- The two main types of risks in testing: product risks related to quality, and project risks related to management and schedules.
- How risk-based testing guides testing activities based on identified risks, prioritizing higher-risk items and allocating more testing effort to them.
- The benefits of risk-based testing over requirements-based testing, like having a more predictable reduction in risk over time and the ability to intelligently reduce testing if needed.
- The history of risk-based testing strategies dating back to the 1980s, and how modern approaches aim to systematically analyze and address risks.
The document provides an overview of building a quality testing framework. It discusses setting goals, defining a vision and timeline, establishing processes and roadmaps, gaining acceptance, and making improvements. Key aspects include test planning, case design, defect management, metrics, involvement of QA early, and continuous improvement. The overall message is that quality assurance principles applied throughout the development and testing process can help prevent bugs and ensure high quality work.
This is collection of question & answer in software testing interview job. Part 2 with 10 questions and answers.
This is designed by Khoa Bui, which owner of http://www.testing.com.vn site
Test planning is the process of defining and documenting the strategy to verify that a product meets its requirements. A test plan should be created by quality management and answer questions like how, who, what, how long, and test coverage level required. According to IEEE standards, a test plan includes items like test plan identifier, introduction, features to be tested, approach, pass/fail criteria, responsibilities, and schedule. A test design specification describes features to be tested and specifies test scenarios/cases to provide software testing. Test design techniques include static techniques like reviews and dynamic techniques like structure-based, experience-based, and specification-based approaches. Choosing the right technique depends on factors like tester knowledge, expected defects, test objectives,
This document provides an overview of the ISTQB CTAL Test Manager certification. It discusses key topics that will be covered on the exam, including test processes and tools, testing in the software development life cycle, test planning, test control, and assessing development and test processes. The author aims to present 90% of the information directly from the ISTQB syllabus and provides some of their own insights. References and resources are also included to aid further study.
Profile of QA professional having 6+ years of experience in software testing. Exhaustive knowledge of SDLC and STLC, all testing activities, processes and services. Having exposure to Automation Testing.
QACampus, a renowned software testing training institute where testing experts are engaged in developing the skills of aspiring testers. A detailed knowledge of software testing life cycle with practical approaches of test and automation tools implementation is provided during training. This effective knowledge is helpful for a great testing career of students.
The document outlines the 12 essential steps of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC). It begins with static testing such as reviewing requirements documents. Then it describes the dynamic testing process which includes preparing test cases, executing tests, reporting bugs, fixing bugs, retesting bugs, and repeating until the criteria for release is met. The 12 steps cover the entire process from initial document review through retesting fixes and defining release criteria.
Software Testing - Defect/Bug Life Cycle - Complete Flow Chart of Defect StateseVideoTuition
The document discusses the bug life cycle in software development. It defines a bug as abnormal software behavior and explains that bugs go through various states as part of a standardized life cycle process. The states are new, open, assign, test, verified, deferred, reopened, duplicate, rejected, and closed. Each state is described in terms of when a bug attains that label and what it means for the bug resolution process.
The document describes the testing life cycle process which includes test plan preparation, test case design, test execution and log preparation, defect tracking, and test report preparation. It then provides details about each step of the testing life cycle process such as how to prepare test plans, design test cases, execute tests and log results, track defects, and prepare test reports.
Testing involves finding errors in a program. The goal is to assume a program contains errors and test to find as many as possible. Different testing techniques include white box testing by developers and black box testing by testers. Testing levels include unit, integration, system, and user acceptance testing. Developers and testers have different goals - developers want code to work while testers try to make code fail. Good development practices from a tester's view include doing own acceptance tests, fixing bugs, writing helpful error messages, and not artificially adding bugs. Good relationships between project managers, developers and testers help ensure quality.
The document discusses agile testing approaches and their benefits. Key points include:
1. Agile testing involves testing from the beginning of a project and continually throughout its lifecycle. This helps specify requirements in terms of tests and ensure 100% test coverage.
2. Keeping testers, developers, and customers in close communication helps eliminate errors caused by making incorrect assumptions.
3. Breaking projects into smaller iterations provides frequent feedback on the project's state. Many teams are successfully using agile testing to improve quality.
4. Adopting agile testing requires some training and workspace changes but yields advantages like collaborating to build in quality from the start.
The document discusses software testing fundamentals including what testing is, why it's important, the testing lifecycle, principles, and process. It explains that testing verifies requirements are implemented correctly, finds defects before deployment, and improves quality and reliability. Various testing techniques are covered like unit, integration, system, manual and automation testing along with popular testing tools like Mercury WinRunner, TestDirector, and LoadRunner.
1. The document describes various testing documents created at different levels of a project testing process. Test policy, strategy, and methodology documents are created at higher levels, while test plans, cases, procedures, scripts, and reports are created at the project level.
2. It provides details on different testing documents - test policy defines testing objectives, test strategy defines the testing approach, and test methodology provides the testing approach for a specific project. It also describes how test plans are created, test cases are designed based on requirements, and the different levels of test execution.
3. The key testing documents created are test policy, strategy, methodology, plan, cases, procedures, scripts, and reports. Test cases are designed based
1) The document describes various testing documents created at different levels of the project testing process. Test policy and strategy are created by quality control and management, while test plans, cases, scripts, and reports are created by QA engineers.
2) Test documents can be at the company level (policy, strategy) or project level (methodology, plans, cases, scripts, reports). The key documents include test policy, strategy, methodology, plan, cases, scripts, and reports.
3) Test execution involves various levels from initial sanity testing to comprehensive and regression testing to validate requirements and detect defects in builds received from development.
The document describes the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) which consists of 6 phases to ensure software quality: 1) Requirement Analysis where testable requirements are identified, 2) Test Planning which describes the testing strategy and plan, 3) Test Case Development where test cases and data are created, 4) Test Environment Setup where testing conditions are decided, 5) Test Execution where testing is performed based on test plans and cases, and 6) Test Closure Activities which ensure testing is complete and artifacts are handed over. The STLC uses entry and exit criteria to determine when a phase can begin or end.
The document discusses the testing life cycle process. It involves testing activities from the beginning of a project through requirements, design, development, integration testing, system testing, and release. Key phases include test planning, case design, execution, and using various testing types and tools. An effective testing team has defined roles and responsibilities throughout the project life cycle.
The document discusses various types and stages of software testing in the software development lifecycle, including:
1. Component testing, the lowest level of testing done in isolation on individual software modules.
2. Integration testing in small increments to test communication between components and non-functional aspects.
3. System testing to test functional and non-functional requirements at the full system level, often done by an independent test group.
4. The document provides details on planning, techniques, and considerations for each type of testing in the software development and integration process.
The document describes the software quality assurance process used by a company. It involves initial project planning, requirements analysis, development, testing of individual modules by developers and testers, integration testing, testing for compatibility, load, and system testing, and finally release after test report approval. Testing of existing vendor products includes peer reviews, validation, data-driven, load, compatibility, and usability testing. Testing new systems developed from scratch includes requirements, test strategy, traceability, cases, risks, tools, resources, schedule, deliverables, defect tracking, and approval processes.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and best practices. It defines key terms like errors, defects, and failures. It describes different testing approaches like black box and white box testing. It also outlines different testing levels from unit to system testing. The document emphasizes that testing aims to find defects, but it's impossible to test all possibilities. It stresses the importance of test planning, test cases, defect reports, and regression testing with new versions.
Tester is involved throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC). Their main responsibilities include:
1. Conducting requirement analysis in the requirements phase and use case analysis in the design phase.
2. Developing test cases and scripts in the development phase and finalizing the test plan.
3. Conducting various types of tests like unit, integration, system and user acceptance testing in the testing phase and maintaining test logs and reports.
4. Preparing training documentation and lessons learned reports to help with deployment in the deployment phase and testing production issues in the support phase.
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The document discusses various concepts related to software testing such as testing types (unit testing, integration testing, etc.), test case design techniques (equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, etc.), test documentation (test plan, test cases, test procedures, etc.), software quality models (CMM, ISO), and the software development life cycle (waterfall model, iterative model, etc.). It provides definitions and explanations of key terms to understand software testing processes and methodologies.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. It introduces different levels of testing in the software development lifecycle like component testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing.
2. It discusses the importance of early test design and planning and its benefits like reducing costs and improving quality.
3. It provides examples of how not planning tests properly can increase costs due to bugs found late in the process, and outlines the typical costs involved in fixing bugs at different stages.
This document discusses the software testing life cycle (STLC). The STLC is a systematic process that follows a series of phases to ensure software quality. It aims to identify defects early. The main phases discussed are test planning, test case development, test execution, and test closure. A test plan is a key document that describes testing areas and activities. It outlines the test strategy, objectives, schedule, resources, and deliverables. The test plan serves as a guide for testing and helps determine timelines, estimate resources, and avoid issues.
The document outlines the key phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) process. It describes 6 phases: 1) Requirement Analysis/Review to understand requirements, 2) Test Planning to develop the test plan, 3) Test Designing to create test cases and scripts, 4) Test Environment Setup to prepare the test environment, 5) Test Execution to run the test cases and report bugs, and 6) Test Closure to finalize testing and complete documentation. The goal of STLC is to systematically test software through a planned process to improve quality.
Introduction and Role of a manual testing in a SDLC minimini22
Quality assurance involves systematically testing products and services to ensure they meet requirements. Software testing identifies bugs and ensures correctness, completeness, and quality. Common causes of bugs include unclear requirements, miscommunication, complexity, and unrealistic deadlines. Testing follows a defined process including requirement analysis, planning, design, coding, testing cycles, and implementation. Test cases are developed to validate requirements and check for expected results.
This document outlines the test approach, scope, objectives, assumptions, and methodology for testing applications. It describes unit, integration, system, regression, and user acceptance testing. The primary objective is to ensure all requirements are met and the system functions as intended. The secondary objective is to identify and address all issues before release. Test deliverables include documents like the test approach, plan, and specifications as well as test cases, bug reports, and status reports.
Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test. I hope this ppt will help u to learn about software testing.
The document provides an overview of the lines of business, product model, and policy lifecycle available in the PolicyCenter application. It describes the key components included in each line of business implementation and how the product model is used to configure insurance products and policies. It also outlines the major stages in a policy's lifecycle including submissions, changes, renewals, cancellations, and integration points with other systems.
This document provides an overview of the LISA testing tool. It begins with an introduction to LISA, noting that it is an integrated SOA testing tool. It then discusses the main components of the LISA architecture, including the Test Manager UI, Coordinator, Simulator, and Registry. It also covers how LISA can be deployed in local or server modes. The document outlines some core concepts of LISA like projects, test steps, filters, assertions, data sets, properties, and configuration files. It provides information on test suites and staging documents. Finally, it discusses UI navigation in LISA and provides resources for additional information.
The document provides an overview of the lines of business, product model, and policy lifecycle available in the PolicyCenter application. It describes the key components included in each line of business implementation and how the product model is used to configure insurance products and policies. It also outlines the major stages in a policy's lifecycle including submissions, changes, renewals, cancellations, and integration points with other systems.
This presentation provides an introduction to the LISA testing tool, including its architecture, deployment, core concepts, and UI navigation. Key points covered include the four main parts of LISA (Test, Virtualize, Validate, Pathfinder), how it is typically deployed with a base server and other components, important concepts like projects, test steps, filters, assertions, and data sets, and how to navigate the LISA user interface. The presentation recommends asking questions and reviewing additional documentation and demo videos to fully understand how to use LISA for testing purposes.
Bodily Injury Liability pays damages for injuries caused by the policyholder and covers legal defense costs. It is important to have sufficient coverage to protect assets from high injury claims. Property Damage Liability similarly pays for damages to others' property and legal defense from accidents. Medical Payments coverage pays medical expenses for accidents regardless of fault. Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist coverage pays for injuries caused by drivers without sufficient insurance. Comprehensive and Collision cover losses from events like theft, weather, or collisions respectively. Uninsured Motorist Property Damage repairs vehicles damaged by uninsured drivers. Emergency Road Service provides roadside assistance. Rental Reimbursement pays for a rental during repairs after a covered accident.
- The candidate's most recent role involved testing a court case management system where they tested functionality from case initiation to closing.
- They have 7 years of experience in QA including test planning, case writing, execution, and defect logging.
- The candidate prefers working in a team for collaboration but can work independently. They are comfortable with an open office environment.
This presentation provides an introduction to the LISA testing tool, including its architecture, deployment, core concepts, and UI navigation. Key points covered include the four main parts of LISA (Test, Virtualize, Validate, Pathfinder), how it is typically deployed with a base server and other components, important concepts like projects, test steps, filters, assertions, and data sets, and how to navigate the LISA user interface. The presentation recommends asking questions and reviewing additional documentation and demo videos to fully understand how to use LISA for testing purposes.
This document discusses various types of software testing:
- Blackbox testing treats the system as a black box and focuses on requirements and functionality without knowledge of internal design.
- Unit testing checks individual system components for defects. Integration testing checks interactions between components.
- System testing evaluates the full integrated system against functional and non-functional requirements in a replicated production environment.
- Regression testing ensures changes have not broken existing functionality by re-running previous tests.
This document discusses various types of software testing:
- Blackbox testing treats the system as a black box and focuses on requirements and functionality without knowledge of internal design.
- Unit testing checks individual system components for defects. Integration testing checks interactions between components.
- System testing evaluates the full integrated system against functional and non-functional requirements in a replicated production environment.
- Regression testing ensures changes have not broken existing functionality by re-running previous tests.
The document provides details about the person's most recent role as a QA Analyst and Lead for a client project. Their responsibilities included creating test plans and cases from requirements, automating test scripts using tools like QTP, modifying scripts to include verification points and page load checks, configuring scripts to run in different environments, parameterizing test data, logging failures to report issues, attending meetings, and tracking bug fixes.
The document provides an overview of the software testing life cycle (STLC) which includes test planning, test development, test execution, result analysis, defect management, and summarized reports. It then describes each phase in more detail, outlining key activities, participants, and deliverables. For example, test planning involves preparing test strategies and plans, estimating effort, and identifying risks. Test development consists of writing test cases and scripts, setting up environments, and reviewing test artifacts. The document also defines common testing terms like test plans, test cases, defect priority and severity levels.
Bodily Injury Liability pays damages for injuries caused by the policyholder and covers legal defense costs. It is important to have sufficient coverage to protect assets from high injury claims. Property Damage Liability similarly pays for damages to others' property and legal defense from accidents. Medical Payments coverage pays medical expenses for accidents regardless of fault. Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist coverage pays for injuries caused by drivers without sufficient insurance. Comprehensive and Collision cover vehicle damage from events like theft, weather, collisions depending on deductible selected. Uninsured Motorist Property Damage repairs vehicle damage caused by uninsured drivers. Emergency Road Service provides roadside assistance. Rental Reimbursement pays for a rental vehicle when the covered vehicle cannot
This document discusses the importance of software testing and outlines some major software failures caused by defects. It provides examples of defects in software requirements and code. The document also summarizes reasons to pursue a career in quality assurance testing, noting that it is a stable, recession-proof career path with competitive salaries starting at $45,000-$130,000 annually. It outlines the training program, which includes theoretical concepts, practical testing exercises, homework assignments, and sessions on resume preparation and domain knowledge.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
How to Handle the Separate Discount Account on Invoice in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, separate discount account can be set up to accurately track and manage discounts applied on various transaction and ensure precise financial reporting and analysis
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
Ardra Nakshatra (आर्द्रा): Understanding its Effects and RemediesAstro Pathshala
Ardra Nakshatra, the sixth Nakshatra in Vedic astrology, spans from 6°40' to 20° in the Gemini zodiac sign. Governed by Rahu, the north lunar node, Ardra translates to "the moist one" or "the star of sorrow." Symbolized by a teardrop, it represents the transformational power of storms, bringing both destruction and renewal.
About Astro Pathshala
Astro Pathshala is a renowned astrology institute offering comprehensive astrology courses and personalized astrological consultations for over 20 years. Founded by Gurudev Sunil Vashist ji, Astro Pathshala has been a beacon of knowledge and guidance in the field of Vedic astrology. With a team of experienced astrologers, the institute provides in-depth courses that cover various aspects of astrology, including Nakshatras, planetary influences, and remedies. Whether you are a beginner seeking to learn astrology or someone looking for expert astrological advice, Astro Pathshala is dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges and unlock your full potential through the ancient wisdom of Vedic astrology.
For more information about their courses and consultations, visit Astro Pathshala.
Is Email Marketing Really Effective In 2024?Rakesh Jalan
Slide 1
Is Email Marketing Really Effective in 2024?
Yes, Email Marketing is still a great method for direct marketing.
Slide 2
In this article we will cover:
- What is Email Marketing?
- Pros and cons of Email Marketing.
- Tools available for Email Marketing.
- Ways to make Email Marketing effective.
Slide 3
What Is Email Marketing?
Using email to contact customers is called Email Marketing. It's a quiet and effective communication method. Mastering it can significantly boost business. In digital marketing, two long-term assets are your website and your email list. Social media apps may change, but your website and email list remain constant.
Slide 4
Types of Email Marketing:
1. Welcome Emails
2. Information Emails
3. Transactional Emails
4. Newsletter Emails
5. Lead Nurturing Emails
6. Sponsorship Emails
7. Sales Letter Emails
8. Re-Engagement Emails
9. Brand Story Emails
10. Review Request Emails
Slide 5
Advantages Of Email Marketing
1. Cost-Effective: Cheaper than other methods.
2. Easy: Simple to learn and use.
3. Targeted Audience: Reach your exact audience.
4. Detailed Messages: Convey clear, detailed messages.
5. Non-Disturbing: Less intrusive than social media.
6. Non-Irritating: Customers are less likely to get annoyed.
7. Long Format: Use detailed text, photos, and videos.
8. Easy to Unsubscribe: Customers can easily opt out.
9. Easy Tracking: Track delivery, open rates, and clicks.
10. Professional: Seen as more professional; customers read carefully.
Slide 6
Disadvantages Of Email Marketing:
1. Irrelevant Emails: Costs can rise with irrelevant emails.
2. Poor Content: Boring emails can lead to disengagement.
3. Easy Unsubscribe: Customers can easily leave your list.
Slide 7
Email Marketing Tools
Choosing a good tool involves considering:
1. Deliverability: Email delivery rate.
2. Inbox Placement: Reaching inbox, not spam or promotions.
3. Ease of Use: Simplicity of use.
4. Cost: Affordability.
5. List Maintenance: Keeping the list clean.
6. Features: Regular features like Broadcast and Sequence.
7. Automation: Better with automation.
Slide 8
Top 5 Email Marketing Tools:
1. ConvertKit
2. Get Response
3. Mailchimp
4. Active Campaign
5. Aweber
Slide 9
Email Marketing Strategy
To get good results, consider:
1. Build your own list.
2. Never buy leads.
3. Respect your customers.
4. Always provide value.
5. Don’t email just to sell.
6. Write heartfelt emails.
7. Stick to a schedule.
8. Use photos and videos.
9. Segment your list.
10. Personalize emails.
11. Ensure mobile-friendliness.
12. Optimize timing.
13. Keep designs clean.
14. Remove cold leads.
Slide 10
Uses of Email Marketing:
1. Affiliate Marketing
2. Blogging
3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
4. Newsletter Circulation
5. Transaction Notifications
6. Information Dissemination
7. Gathering Feedback
8. Selling Courses
9. Selling Products/Services
Read Full Article:
https://digitalsamaaj.com/is-email-marketing-effective-in-2024/
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
The Jewish Trinity : Sabbath,Shekinah and Sanctuary 4.pdfJackieSparrow3
we may assume that God created the cosmos to be his great temple, in which he rested after his creative work. Nevertheless, his special revelatory presence did not fill the entire earth yet, since it was his intention that his human vice-regent, whom he installed in the garden sanctuary, would extend worldwide the boundaries of that sanctuary and of God’s presence. Adam, of course, disobeyed this mandate, so that humanity no longer enjoyed God’s presence in the little localized garden. Consequently, the entire earth became infected with sin and idolatry in a way it had not been previously before the fall, while yet in its still imperfect newly created state. Therefore, the various expressions about God being unable to inhabit earthly structures are best understood, at least in part, by realizing that the old order and sanctuary have been tainted with sin and must be cleansed and recreated before God’s Shekinah presence, formerly limited to heaven and the holy of holies, can dwell universally throughout creation
The Jewish Trinity : Sabbath,Shekinah and Sanctuary 4.pdf
stlc
1. QA –Testing Material 1
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle)
Test Planning
Test Development
Test Execution
Result Analysis
Defect Management
Summarized Reports
Test Planning:
Preparation of QA or Test Strategy
Prepare Test Plans
Plan for Resources
Effort Estimation
Plan for the training needs
Evaluation of tools & technologies
Risks & Mitigation
Participants: Test Manager and Test Lead
Deliverables: Test Strategy Document, Test Plan Document
Test Development
Preparation of Test scenarios from real time Business Scenarios or combine collection of Uses cases and
derive test Scenario out of it.
Derive positive and Negative Test cases and write down Test Conditions
Preparation of test Data
Review of Test cases
Decide Test cases for Automation (Automation)
Develop Test Scripts (Automation)
Setup Test environment
1. Developer Environment (Developer develop code and perform Unit test on this)
2. QA Environment (Replica of Client Environment)
3. Staging (or) implementation Environment (Production Like Environment with Production data
and External Connections)
4. Production Environment (Live Environment)
Above all are Ideal Environments, but in reality no. of Environments may vary For Example
If Technical Leadership decided to have one exclusive Environment for Integration testing they will come up with
integration QA Environment along with QA Environment
If Business Users decided they want one exclusive environment for them they request to build End User
Environment for User Acceptance Testing …etc
Participants: Test Lead and Testers (Test Case Designers and Test Case Executioners)
Deliverables: Test Case Documents, Test Data
Conduct Test Readiness Review meeting before to starting Execution
2. QA –Testing Material 2
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
Environment Team will provide Test Environment Readiness; expected figure is 100% to start execution, Test
Team need to provide Test Case Design readiness to start the Execution
Test Execution
o Perform Manual Execution of Test cases with provided Test data Input (Manual testing)
o Executioner need to follow appropriately Pre-Condition and Post-Condition of the test cases.
Sometimes there should be dependency like; test case 1 is the pre-condition of the test case2. So
make sure Test case1 is already executed before starting the Execution of testcase2.
Testcase1: Registration of User
Testcase2: Login to the website with Existing User
o Perform Automated scripts Execution.(Automated Testing)
o Monitor the Automation run and perform error handling manually if test script Struck
With runtime Error
Participants: Testers (Test Executioners)
Deliverables: Test Case Results (Before Analysis)
Result Analysis
Result Analysis is crucial step to judge the Application Fault. In the Test Case Execution
If Test case Actual result doesn’t match with Expected Result:
Verify that test case has been written as per the requirements, some times there may be test case
problem or requirements might have changed after the test case has been designed.
If Test case Expected Result matches with requirement.
Executioner should double check the Actual Behavior by executing test case one more time.
If Still “Actual Result” mismatches with “Expected Result”.
Verify is there any test Environment problem (note that many cases environment will be fine).
If Test Environment is Fine
Next step will be double check the test data provided, whether data matching with the test case
requirement.
If test Data is also Fine then Executioner analysis confirms that Fault is Application side,
Executioner must mark the “Test Case Result” Column in test Case as “Failed”
Executioner need to start gathering details to file a Defect.
Participants: Test Leads and testers
Deliverables: Test Case Result Reports (after Analysis)
Defect Tracking
Before creating new Defect ,perform Duplicate Defect Check (make sure the same Application defect hasn’t been
filed by others )
• File new defect and associate enough information to help developer for further analysis
Information can be
o Detailed Steps to reproduce the Defect, Actual result and Expected Result
o Snapshot of the User Interface Screen or Database Result Set when Error Occurred
o Error Log of any Server
• Assign Defect to Developer, if don’t know about exact developer then Assign to Development Lead later
he can route to appropriate person.
• Defect Follow-up with Developer
3. QA –Testing Material 3
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
o If Developer has concerns about opened defect, if he has concerns tester may explain and
convince about the defect to resolve his concerns.
o If Developer corrected code and fixed the defect, Tester need to re-test and Close the defect.
Participants: Test Leads, Test managers and testers
Deliverables: Defect Reports
Summarized Reports
• Prepare Test Case Result Documents
• Create Defect Reports :Total how many no of bugs identified….etc
• Create Test Case Reports :
About Test Execution: Total how many no of cases executed
About Pass Percentage: How many test cases Passed as result of Total test cases, based on this
report Management takes the decision about postponement of the Release
Participants: Test Leads and managers
Deliverables: Metric Documents and Reports
Test Strategy Document
A Test Strategy document is a high level document and normally developed by project manager. This document
defines “Testing Approach” to achieve testing objectives. A test strategy is an outline that describes the testing
portion of the software development cycle. It is created to inform project managers, testers, and developers about
some key issues of the testing process. This includes the testing objective, methods of testing new functions, total
time and resources required for the project, and the testing environment.
The test strategy describes how the product risks of the stakeholders are mitigated at the test-level, which types
of test are to be performed, and which entry and exit criteria apply.
The test strategy is created based on development design documents. The Test Strategy is normally derived from
the Business Requirement Specification document. The system design document is the main one used and
occasionally, the conceptual design document can be referred to. The design documents describe the
functionalities of the software to be enabled in the upcoming release. For every set of development design, a
corresponding test strategy should be created to test the new feature sets.
This is a standard approach to prepare test plan and test strategy documents, but things can vary company-to-
company. Some companies include the “Test Approach” or “Strategy” inside the Test Plan, which is fine and it is
usually the case for small projects. However, for larger projects, there is one Test Strategy document and different
number of Test Plans for each phase or level of testing.
Components of the Test Strategy document
Scope and Objectives
Business issues
Roles and responsibilities
Communication and status reporting
Test deliverability
Industry standards to follow
Test automation and tools
Testing measurements and matrices
4. QA –Testing Material 4
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
Risks and mitigation
Defect reporting and tracking
Change and configuration management
Training plan
TestPlan
A test plan is a general document for the entire project that defines the scope, approach to be taken, and the
schedules of intended testing activities. It identifies test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, who
will do each task and any risks requiring contingency planning.
The Test Plan document on the other hand, is derived from the Product Description, Software Requirement
Specification SRS, or Use Case Documents.
The Test Plan document is usually prepared by the Test Lead or Test Manager and the focus of the document is
to describe what to test, how to test, when to test and who will do what test.
The test planning can be done, well before the actual testing commences and can be done in parallel with the coding and
design phase.
The inputs for forming test plan are
Project plan
Requirement spec. Doc.
Architecture and design document.
Test Plan (IEEE 829 format)
• Test Plan Identifier – Test Plan Unique Number
• References – have any references
• Introduction – about Current Project
• Test Items – Names of Modules or functionalities of Current Project
• Software Risk Issues - Identify and Present Risks Involved.
• Features to be Tested – Names of Functionalities to be tested in this test plan
• Features not to be Tested - Names of Functionalities not to be tested in this test plan
• Approach- Test Approach to be followed – like Unit, integration, Bugs calculation etc
• Entry Criteria- SRS review done , Establish test environment , receive Build from developers
• Item Pass/Fail Criteria- Define the Pass/Fail Criteria
• Suspension Criteria- When Interrupt testing -When major defect found, Test Environment Abounded etc
• Test Deliverables – List of testing docs (Test scenarios, test cases, Automation Plan, Results and Defect
Logs)
• Environmental Needs- Stable Environment Provided with minimum Components, pass the sanity Check
5. QA –Testing Material 5
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
• Staffing and Training Needs- names of testers in the current project and required number of training
sessions to understand project requirements
• Responsibilities- Work allocation to testers Module wise etc.
• Schedule- Dates and Times when Testing to be started.
• Planning Risks and Contingencies- List out Risks , and Risk mitigation
• Approvals- Required signatures of the Leads and Managers to make test plan effective
What is a Test Case?
A test case is a set of conditions or variables and inputs that are developed for a particular goal or objective to be
achieved on a certain application to judge its capabilities or features.
It might take more than one test case to determine the true functionality of the application being tested. Every
requirement or objective to be achieved needs at least one test case. Some software development methodologies
like Rational Unified Process (RUP) recommend creating at least two test cases for each requirement or
objective; one for performing testing through positive perspective and the other through negative perspective.
Test Case Structure
A formal written test case comprises of three parts -
Information
Information consists of general information about the test case. Information incorporates Identifier, test
case creator, test case version, name of the test case, purpose or brief description and test case
dependencies.
Activity
Activity consists of the actual test case activities. Activity contains information about the test case
environment, activities to be done at test case initialization, activities to be done after test case is
performed, step by step actions to be done while testing and the input data that is to be supplied for
testing.
Results
Results are outcomes of a performed test case. Results data consist of information about expected
results and the actual results.
A Test Case will consist of information such as requirements testing, test steps, verification steps, prerequisites,
Actual result, Expected result etc. A set of inputs, execution preconditions, and expected outcomes developed for
a particular objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific
requirement.
6. QA –Testing Material 6
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
Test Case Template & Example:
Defect Life Cycle
7. QA –Testing Material 7
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
Description of Various Stages:
1. New: When the bug is posted for the first time, its state will be “NEW”. This means that the bug is not
yet approved.
2. Open: After a tester has posted a bug, the lead of the tester approves that the bug is genuine and he
changes the state as “OPEN”.
3. Assign: Once the lead changes the state as “OPEN”, he assigns the bug to corresponding developer
or developer team. The state of the bug now is changed to “ASSIGN”.
4. FIXED: Once the developer fixes the bug, he has to assign the bug to the testing team for next round
of testing. Before he releases the software with bug fixed, he changes the state of bug to “TEST”. It
specifies that the bug has been fixed and is released to testing team.
5. Deferred: The bug, changed to deferred state means the bug is expected to be fixed in next releases.
The reasons for changing the bug to this state have many factors. Some of them are priority of the bug
may be low, lack of time for the release or the bug may not have major effect on the software.
6. Rejected: If the developer feels that the bug is not genuine, he rejects the bug. Then the state of the
bug is changed to “REJECTED”.
7. Duplicate: If the bug is repeated twice or the two bugs mention the same concept of the bug, then one
bug status is changed to “DUPLICATE”.
8. Verified: Once the bug is fixed and the status is changed to “TEST”, the tester tests the bug. If the bug
is not present in the software, he approves that the bug is fixed and changes the status to “VERIFIED”.
9. Re-Opened: If the bug still exists even after the bug is fixed by the developer, the tester changes the
status to “REOPENED”. The bug traverses the life cycle once again.
10. Closed: Once the bug is fixed, it is tested by the tester. If the tester feels that the bug no longer exists
in the software, he changes the status of the bug to “CLOSED”. This state means that the bug is fixed,
tested and approved.
Severity
What is Severity?
Defines Impact Level of the Defect on the System, the importance of defect with respect to functionality
point of view.
SeverityLevels
• 1. Critical - The defect results in the failure of the complete software system, of a subsystem, or of a software unit
(program or module) within the system.
2. Major - The defect results in the failure of the complete software system, of a subsystem, or of a software unit
(program or module) within the system. There is no way to make the failed component's, however, there are
acceptable processing alternatives which will yield the desired result.
3. Average - The defect does not result in a failure, but causes the system to produce incorrect, incomplete, or
8. QA –Testing Material 8
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inconsistent results, or the defect impairs the systems usability.
4. Minor - The defect does not cause a failure, does not impair usability, and the desired processing results are
easily obtained by working around the defect.
5. Exception - The defect is the result of non-conformance to a standard, is related to the aesthetics of the
system, or is a request for an enhancement. Defects at this level may be deferred or even ignored.
Priority
What is Priority?
Defines how soon the defect needs to be fixed as per business needs and priorities.
Priority Levels
1. Resolve Immediately - Further development and/or testing cannot occur until the defect has been repaired.
The system cannot be used until the repair has been effected.
2. Give High Attention - The defect must be resolved as soon as possible because it is impairing
development/and or testing activities. System use will be severely affected until the defect is fixed.
3. Normal Queue - The defect should be resolved in the normal course of development activities. It can wait until
a new build or version is created.
4. Low Priority - The defect is an irritant which should be repaired but which can be repaired after more serious
defect have been fixed.
5. Defer - The defect repair can be put of indefinitely. It can be resolved in a future major system revision or not
resolved at all.
Examples:
High priority and high severity: The application crashes whenever a person attempts to submit valid input on
the registration page.
High priority and low severity: The content entered in the Terms of Use are not correct and could potentially
lead to legal consequences.
High severity and low priority: A system crash is an example for high severity but suppose that occurs when
user enters extreme unrealistic Data, which isn’t happen in Production.
Ex: The application crashes whenever a person enters 1500+ chars in a “phone number” text box.
Low severity and low priority: There is a slight misspelling on one of the FAQ pages.
9. QA –Testing Material 9
www.TransformToIT.com Prepared By: A.B Reddy
Defect Metrics
• Cost of a defect : Total effort spent on Testing/Total no of defects
• Testing Efficiency : No. of test cases/No. of defects
• Defect Density : No. of defects per 1000 lines of code
• Defect Closure Rate : How much time takes to close a defect
Sample Defect: