The document discusses principles of software testing including why testing is necessary, common testing terminology, and the testing process. It describes the testing process as having six key steps: 1) planning, 2) specification, 3) execution, 4) recording, 5) checking completion, and 6) planning at a more detailed level. It emphasizes prioritizing tests to address highest risks and outlines factors that influence how much testing is needed such as contractual requirements, industry standards, and risk levels.
A brief that includes the following:
- Software Testing
- Quality Assurance
- Quality Control
- Types of Testing
- Levels of Software Testing
- Types of Performance Testing
- API
- Verification & Validation
- Test Plan & Testing Strategy
- Agile & Waterfall
- Software Development Life Cycle
- Career Path
This Slideshare will give you the basics introduction of the ISTQB Foundation level testing certification.
ISTQB stands for the “International Software Testing Qualifications Board.”
ISTQB Certification is a universally acknowledged programming testing affirmation that is directed online by its Member Boards through a testing Exam Provider.
*Software Testing Certification Courses: https://www.edureka.co/software-testing-certification-courses *
This Edureka PPT on "Software Testing Life Cycle" will provide you with in-depth knowledge about software testing and the different phases involved in the process of testing.
Below are the topics covered in this session:
Introduction to Software Testing
Why Testing is Important?
Who does Testing?
Software Testing Life Cycle
Requirement Analysis
Test Planning
Test Case Development
Test Environment Setup
Test Execution
Test Cycle Closure
Selenium playlist: https://goo.gl/NmuzXE
Selenium Blog playlist: http://bit.ly/2B7C3QR
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_lea...
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
The document discusses fundamentals of software testing including definitions of testing, why testing is necessary, seven testing principles, and the test process. It describes the test process as consisting of test planning, monitoring and control, analysis, design, implementation, execution, and completion. It also outlines the typical work products created during each phase of the test process.
This document discusses test management. It covers organizational structures for testing like having developers test their own code or having a dedicated testing team. It also discusses estimating testing time, monitoring testing progress through metrics like incident reports, and using configuration management to control testing activities and products. The key aspects of test management covered are organizational structures, estimation, monitoring, control, and configuration management.
The document discusses various types and stages of software testing in the software development lifecycle, including:
1. Component testing, the lowest level of testing done in isolation on individual software modules.
2. Integration testing in small increments to test communication between components and non-functional aspects.
3. System testing to test functional and non-functional requirements at the full system level, often done by an independent test group.
4. The document provides details on planning, techniques, and considerations for each type of testing in the software development and integration process.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of software testing. It discusses why testing is necessary, defines key terms like errors, defects and failures. It describes the context in which software is used and how defects can impact systems. The seven principles of testing and fundamental test process involving planning, analysis, implementation and reporting are explained. Psychological aspects of testing and principles of ethical code are also covered at a high level.
This document discusses test automation approaches and best practices. It defines test automation as using software to perform test activities like execution and checking results. The document outlines how test automation fits into the software development lifecycle and notes that reducing manual testing and redundant tasks is key to success. It also discusses factors to consider for test automation, types of tests that can be automated, and technologies used for test automation like object-based and image-based recognition.
The document discusses various software development lifecycle models and when each is best used. It describes the waterfall, V-shaped, incremental, RAD, agile, iterative, spiral and prototype models. For each model, it provides advantages, disadvantages and considerations for when the model should be used. Testing is recommended throughout the development lifecycle, with test activities corresponding to each development phase.
This document provides an introduction to software testing. It defines software testing as a process used to identify correctness, completeness, and quality of computer software. The key points covered include: why software testing is important; who should be involved in testing; when testing should start and stop in the software development lifecycle; the differences between verification and validation; types of errors; types of testing including manual and automation; methods like black box and white box testing; levels of testing from unit to acceptance; and definitions of test plans and test cases.
Slides from Software Testing Techniques course offered at Kansas State University in Spring'16 and Spring'17. Entire course material can be found at https://github.com/rvprasad/software-testing-course.
Test Management as Chapter 5 of ISTQB Foundation 2018. Topics covered are Test Organization, Test Planning and Estimation, Test Monitoring and Control, Test Execution Schedule, Test Strategy, Risk and Testing, Defect Management
Manual testing takes more effort and cost than automated testing. It is more boring and provides limited visibility for stakeholders. Automated tests can test single units, are reusable, and provide a safety net for refactoring. They also ensure all tests are run, drive clean design, and do not create code clutter like manual tests. An initial learning curve and questions around organization and reuse may prevent developers from writing automated tests, but designating responsibility and learning tools can help overcome these issues.
This document provides an overview of software testing fundamentals. It defines testing as executing software to find bugs and discusses why testing is necessary to ensure quality. It also covers causes of defects, different levels of testing from unit to acceptance, testing principles, and sample entry and exit criteria for different test stages. The goal of testing is to validate software meets requirements and works as expected while improving quality through the identification and fixing of defects.
Test Case Design Techniques as chapter 4 of ISTQB Foundation. Topics included are Equivalence Partition, Boundary Value Analysis, State Transition Testing, Decision Table Testing, Use Case Testing, Statement Coverage, Decision Coverage, Error Guessing, Exploratory Testing, Checklist Based Testing
The document discusses test management for software quality assurance, including defining test management as organizing and controlling the testing process and artifacts. It covers the phases of test management like planning, authoring, execution, and reporting. Additionally, it discusses challenges in test management, priorities and classifications for testing, and the role and responsibilities of the test manager.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. It introduces different levels of testing in the software development lifecycle like component testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing.
2. It discusses the importance of early test design and planning and its benefits like reducing costs and improving quality.
3. It provides examples of how not planning tests properly can increase costs due to bugs found late in the process, and outlines the typical costs involved in fixing bugs at different stages.
KeytorcTestTalks #11 - Serkan Akoğlanoğlu, Release Management vs Test Management
Release management involves coordinating all activities needed to prepare and plan a software release, including prioritizing features, assigning work to releases, ensuring features pass testing, and deploying releases. Test management focuses specifically on testing activities like validating features meet requirements and checking for bugs before assigning features to a release. An effective release process considers both release and test management by establishing an annual release plan with environments like stable, freeze, and bugfix to deliver high quality, robust products on a coordinated schedule.
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "Enterprise Challenges of Test Data" by Rex Black
If you are testing a simple mobile app, you may find it relatively easy to find representative test data. However, what if you are testing enterprise scale applications? In the enterprise data center, one hundred or more applications of various sizes, complexity, and criticality co-exist, operating on various data repositories, in some cases shared data repositories. In some cases, disparate data repositories hold related data, and the ability to test integration across applications that access these data sets is critical. In this keynote speech, Rex Black will talk about the challenges facing his clients as they deal with these testing problems. You’ll go away with a better understanding of the nature of the challenges, as well as ideas on how to handle them, grounded in lessons Rex has learned in over 30 years of software engineering and testing.
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "The Story of Appium" by Dan Cuellar
When I demo’ed what is now called Appium at the Selenium Conference in 2012 I had no idea what I was doing starting an open source project. I knew little about how open source operated and worked behind the scenes. Thanks to the help of a great community and the advice of some seasoned open source contributors, Appium has quickly become the most popular open source mobile automation framework. Along the way, mistakes were made, lessons were learned, and occasionally we got things right. I’ve put together a collection of stories and lessons that I’d like to share with others to help everyone manage, contribute to, and consume open source software projects more effectively.
KeytorcTestTalks #11 - Onur Başkirt, Agile Test Management with Testrail
The document discusses TestRail, a test management tool. It provides an introduction to TestRail, describing its key screens like the dashboard and project screens. It also summarizes TestRail's test case, test run, and reporting features. Finally, it discusses TestRail's integration with JIRA.
Static analysis techniques can analyze source code without executing it to find potential issues. It checks for violations of coding standards and detects problems like unreachable code, undeclared variables, and array index errors. Data flow analysis examines how variables are defined and used. Control flow analysis checks for unreachable nodes, infinite loops, and conformance to flow patterns. Cyclomatic complexity measures a program's structural complexity. Static analysis has limitations but can efficiently find certain faults before testing begins.
Ebru Kazaskeroglu is a software test specialist with over 4 years of experience in test case creation, test execution, and reporting. She has a strong technical background and skills in test planning, test management, databases, web technologies, and test automation tools. Ebru is proficient in English and has published articles on intelligent traffic management and information ethics.
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "Why Automated Verification Matters" by Kristian...
Automated verification is becoming increasingly important. Getting a product from idea to customer as fast as possible in a Continuous Delivery, or a Deployment pipeline is crucial in more businesses than ever before. But how do we get a product through that pipe line, with high quality? Kristian will talk about how automated verification can get you there.
Black box testing, equivalence partitioning, equivalence class partition, ECP, Boundary Value Analysis, BVA, ISTQB Foundation level, Manual Testing, Examples for Equivalence Partitioning, Examples for Boundary value analysis
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "Performance Testing of Big Data" by Roland Leusden
Agile, Continous Intergration, DevOps, Big data are not longer buzzwords but part of the day today process of everyone working in software development and delivery. To cope with applications that need to be deployed in production almost the same moment they were created, software development has changed, impacting the way of working for everyone in the team. In this talk, Roland will discuss the challenges performance testers face with Big Data applications and how Architecture, Agile, Continous Intergration and DevOps come together to create solutions.
Keynote Systems - Mobile Solutions Overview Presentation
This document discusses building a better mobile web experience. It introduces Mobile Web Perspective (MWP) 5.0 and Mobile Internet Testing Environment (MITE) 2.0, which are tools for monitoring and testing mobile websites across different devices. There are unique challenges to delivering content via mobile websites versus mobile apps. MWP and MITE help address these challenges by monitoring websites from various global locations and device profiles, and allowing on-demand testing of websites on different devices to identify and resolve performance issues. The tools provide 24/7 monitoring, content verification across devices, and help with performance analysis and optimization.
KeytorcTestTalks #11 - Berk Dülger, DevOps Tactical Adaption Theory
This document outlines Berk Dülger's professional experience and education. It then discusses DevOps tactical adoption theory, which hypothesizes that each step towards DevOps maturity should provide visible business value to empower continued progression. Continuous testing is discussed as essential to DevOps. Both unit and UI testing are important, but at different stages - unit testing during development and UI testing once functionality is complete. For legacy systems without tests, starting with high-level UI tests provides the most coverage with least effort initially.
This document discusses Agile testing tools. It covers task management tools, software build tools, configuration management tools, test design tools, communication tools, and cloud/virtualization tools. Task management tools help track user stories and tasks throughout sprints. Build tools enable daily builds. Configuration management tools store code and tests. Test design tools help automate testing. Communication tools like wikis and chat support collaboration. Cloud/virtualization tools provide flexible testing environments.
The document discusses the history and current state of software testing certification. It covers:
1) The ISTQB/ISEB certification program began in the late 1990s and early 2000s to standardize software testing knowledge and professionalize the field.
2) The certifications include Foundation, Practitioner, and Specialist levels to cater to candidates with different experience levels.
3) International collaboration through the ISTQB has led to widespread adoption of a common certification syllabus across many countries.
The document summarizes key principles of software testing including:
1. Testing is necessary because software will contain faults due to human errors, and failures can be costly.
2. Exhaustive testing of all possible test cases is impractical. Risk-based prioritization is used to test the most important cases first.
3. The test process includes planning, specification, execution, recording results and checking completion criteria. Effective test cases are prioritized to efficiently find faults.
This document discusses principles of software testing. It covers why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, psychology of testing, re-testing and regression testing, expected results, and principles of testing. Specifically, it notes that testing is needed because software will likely contain faults, to learn about reliability and quality, and to avoid expensive failures. It outlines the typical test process of planning, specification, execution, recording, and completion checking. It also discusses test planning at different levels, test case design, and the importance of prioritization and risk-based testing.
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and processes. It discusses why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, and principles like prioritization of tests and regression testing. The key points are:
1) Testing is necessary to find faults, assess quality, and build confidence, but can never prove that software is completely correct.
2) The test process involves planning, specification, execution, recording, and checking completion criteria.
3) Prioritization of tests is important to focus on the most important and risky areas given time constraints. Regression testing checks for unintended effects of fixes.
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and processes. It discusses why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, and psychology of testing. Key aspects covered include re-testing and regression testing to check for new issues after fixes, prioritizing tests based on risk, and ensuring independence in testing. The goal of testing is to both build confidence and find faults in the software.
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and processes. It discusses why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, and principles like prioritization of tests and regression testing. The key points are:
1) Testing is necessary to find faults, assess quality, and build confidence, but can never prove that software is completely correct.
2) The test process involves planning, specification, execution, recording, and checking completion criteria.
3) Prioritization of tests is important to focus on the most important and risky areas given time constraints. Regression testing checks for unintended effects of fixes.
ISTQBCH foundation level chapter 01 fundamentals of testing
This document discusses principles of software testing. It covers why testing is necessary due to faults occurring in software from human errors. It describes the fundamental test process which includes test planning, specification, execution, recording, checking completion criteria. It discusses prioritizing tests to focus on important conditions first. Exhaustive testing is not possible due to the large number of combinations. The document also defines key terms like errors, faults, failures and reliability.
The document provides an introduction to Oracle Application Testing Suite. It discusses the FMStocks sample application that will be used for testing purposes. It covers various testing concepts such as test planning, requirements, cases, strategies and approaches like functional testing.
Software Testing- Principles of testing- Mazenet Solution
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts. It discusses why testing is necessary due to the likelihood of software faults. The fundamental test process involves test planning, specification, execution, recording, checking completion. An important part of testing is regression testing to check for unintended effects of fixes. Prioritizing tests is important to make the best use of limited testing time. The psychology of testing discusses challenges like finding faults can undermine confidence and independence is important.
For Youtube Videos: bit.do/sevents
Why testing is necessary,Fundamental test process, Psychology of testing, Re-testing and regression testing,
Expected results,Prioritisation of tests
This document discusses various types of software testing performed at different stages of the software development lifecycle. It describes component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Component testing involves testing individual program units in isolation. Integration testing combines components and tests their interactions, starting small and building up. System testing evaluates the integrated system against functional and non-functional requirements. Acceptance testing confirms the system meets stakeholder needs.
This document discusses fundamentals of software testing. It explains that testing is necessary due to human errors that can lead to defects, and defects can cause failures in software systems impacting users. The key aspects covered are: why testing is needed, what testing entails, testing principles like early testing and defect clustering, the fundamental test process of planning, designing, executing and reporting tests, how much testing is sufficient depending on risk, and skills needed in testers like curiosity and attention to detail.
The document outlines a software testing lifecycle practice plan that includes test planning, case design, execution, defect tracking, and reporting over 10 hours total. It provides details on each stage including objectives, key points, and sample templates. Homework involves drafting a test plan, cases, and report for testing a work log system.
There are many types of tools that support testing across the entire software development lifecycle. While automation can help improve testing, automating and testing require separate skills. Effective use of tools requires identifying the appropriate tests to automate through planning and effort, while maintaining control over the test automation process. Tools should support requirements testing, static analysis, test design, test data preparation, test execution, comparison, debugging, and test management.
The document discusses various aspects of test management including organizational structures for testing, configuration management, test estimation and monitoring, incident management, and standards for testing. It describes different levels of independence for testing, such as testing by developers, testing by development teams, and independent test teams. It also outlines the importance of configuration management, estimating and measuring test progress, logging incidents, and following standards for quality assurance and industry-specific testing.
A brief that includes the following:
- Software Testing
- Quality Assurance
- Quality Control
- Types of Testing
- Levels of Software Testing
- Types of Performance Testing
- API
- Verification & Validation
- Test Plan & Testing Strategy
- Agile & Waterfall
- Software Development Life Cycle
- Career Path
INTRODUCTION TO ISTQB FOUNDATION LEVEL - CTFLRahul R Pandya
This Slideshare will give you the basics introduction of the ISTQB Foundation level testing certification.
ISTQB stands for the “International Software Testing Qualifications Board.”
ISTQB Certification is a universally acknowledged programming testing affirmation that is directed online by its Member Boards through a testing Exam Provider.
*Software Testing Certification Courses: https://www.edureka.co/software-testing-certification-courses *
This Edureka PPT on "Software Testing Life Cycle" will provide you with in-depth knowledge about software testing and the different phases involved in the process of testing.
Below are the topics covered in this session:
Introduction to Software Testing
Why Testing is Important?
Who does Testing?
Software Testing Life Cycle
Requirement Analysis
Test Planning
Test Case Development
Test Environment Setup
Test Execution
Test Cycle Closure
Selenium playlist: https://goo.gl/NmuzXE
Selenium Blog playlist: http://bit.ly/2B7C3QR
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_lea...
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
The document discusses fundamentals of software testing including definitions of testing, why testing is necessary, seven testing principles, and the test process. It describes the test process as consisting of test planning, monitoring and control, analysis, design, implementation, execution, and completion. It also outlines the typical work products created during each phase of the test process.
This document discusses test management. It covers organizational structures for testing like having developers test their own code or having a dedicated testing team. It also discusses estimating testing time, monitoring testing progress through metrics like incident reports, and using configuration management to control testing activities and products. The key aspects of test management covered are organizational structures, estimation, monitoring, control, and configuration management.
The document discusses various types and stages of software testing in the software development lifecycle, including:
1. Component testing, the lowest level of testing done in isolation on individual software modules.
2. Integration testing in small increments to test communication between components and non-functional aspects.
3. System testing to test functional and non-functional requirements at the full system level, often done by an independent test group.
4. The document provides details on planning, techniques, and considerations for each type of testing in the software development and integration process.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of software testing. It discusses why testing is necessary, defines key terms like errors, defects and failures. It describes the context in which software is used and how defects can impact systems. The seven principles of testing and fundamental test process involving planning, analysis, implementation and reporting are explained. Psychological aspects of testing and principles of ethical code are also covered at a high level.
This document discusses test automation approaches and best practices. It defines test automation as using software to perform test activities like execution and checking results. The document outlines how test automation fits into the software development lifecycle and notes that reducing manual testing and redundant tasks is key to success. It also discusses factors to consider for test automation, types of tests that can be automated, and technologies used for test automation like object-based and image-based recognition.
ISTQB - Software development life cycleHoangThiHien1
The document discusses various software development lifecycle models and when each is best used. It describes the waterfall, V-shaped, incremental, RAD, agile, iterative, spiral and prototype models. For each model, it provides advantages, disadvantages and considerations for when the model should be used. Testing is recommended throughout the development lifecycle, with test activities corresponding to each development phase.
This document provides an introduction to software testing. It defines software testing as a process used to identify correctness, completeness, and quality of computer software. The key points covered include: why software testing is important; who should be involved in testing; when testing should start and stop in the software development lifecycle; the differences between verification and validation; types of errors; types of testing including manual and automation; methods like black box and white box testing; levels of testing from unit to acceptance; and definitions of test plans and test cases.
Slides from Software Testing Techniques course offered at Kansas State University in Spring'16 and Spring'17. Entire course material can be found at https://github.com/rvprasad/software-testing-course.
Test Management as Chapter 5 of ISTQB Foundation 2018. Topics covered are Test Organization, Test Planning and Estimation, Test Monitoring and Control, Test Execution Schedule, Test Strategy, Risk and Testing, Defect Management
Manual testing takes more effort and cost than automated testing. It is more boring and provides limited visibility for stakeholders. Automated tests can test single units, are reusable, and provide a safety net for refactoring. They also ensure all tests are run, drive clean design, and do not create code clutter like manual tests. An initial learning curve and questions around organization and reuse may prevent developers from writing automated tests, but designating responsibility and learning tools can help overcome these issues.
This document provides an overview of software testing fundamentals. It defines testing as executing software to find bugs and discusses why testing is necessary to ensure quality. It also covers causes of defects, different levels of testing from unit to acceptance, testing principles, and sample entry and exit criteria for different test stages. The goal of testing is to validate software meets requirements and works as expected while improving quality through the identification and fixing of defects.
Test Case Design Techniques as chapter 4 of ISTQB Foundation. Topics included are Equivalence Partition, Boundary Value Analysis, State Transition Testing, Decision Table Testing, Use Case Testing, Statement Coverage, Decision Coverage, Error Guessing, Exploratory Testing, Checklist Based Testing
The document discusses test management for software quality assurance, including defining test management as organizing and controlling the testing process and artifacts. It covers the phases of test management like planning, authoring, execution, and reporting. Additionally, it discusses challenges in test management, priorities and classifications for testing, and the role and responsibilities of the test manager.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. It introduces different levels of testing in the software development lifecycle like component testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing.
2. It discusses the importance of early test design and planning and its benefits like reducing costs and improving quality.
3. It provides examples of how not planning tests properly can increase costs due to bugs found late in the process, and outlines the typical costs involved in fixing bugs at different stages.
Release management involves coordinating all activities needed to prepare and plan a software release, including prioritizing features, assigning work to releases, ensuring features pass testing, and deploying releases. Test management focuses specifically on testing activities like validating features meet requirements and checking for bugs before assigning features to a release. An effective release process considers both release and test management by establishing an annual release plan with environments like stable, freeze, and bugfix to deliver high quality, robust products on a coordinated schedule.
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "Enterprise Challenges of Test Data" by Rex BlackTurkish Testing Board
If you are testing a simple mobile app, you may find it relatively easy to find representative test data. However, what if you are testing enterprise scale applications? In the enterprise data center, one hundred or more applications of various sizes, complexity, and criticality co-exist, operating on various data repositories, in some cases shared data repositories. In some cases, disparate data repositories hold related data, and the ability to test integration across applications that access these data sets is critical. In this keynote speech, Rex Black will talk about the challenges facing his clients as they deal with these testing problems. You’ll go away with a better understanding of the nature of the challenges, as well as ideas on how to handle them, grounded in lessons Rex has learned in over 30 years of software engineering and testing.
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "The Story of Appium" by Dan CuellarTurkish Testing Board
When I demo’ed what is now called Appium at the Selenium Conference in 2012 I had no idea what I was doing starting an open source project. I knew little about how open source operated and worked behind the scenes. Thanks to the help of a great community and the advice of some seasoned open source contributors, Appium has quickly become the most popular open source mobile automation framework. Along the way, mistakes were made, lessons were learned, and occasionally we got things right. I’ve put together a collection of stories and lessons that I’d like to share with others to help everyone manage, contribute to, and consume open source software projects more effectively.
The document discusses TestRail, a test management tool. It provides an introduction to TestRail, describing its key screens like the dashboard and project screens. It also summarizes TestRail's test case, test run, and reporting features. Finally, it discusses TestRail's integration with JIRA.
Static analysis techniques can analyze source code without executing it to find potential issues. It checks for violations of coding standards and detects problems like unreachable code, undeclared variables, and array index errors. Data flow analysis examines how variables are defined and used. Control flow analysis checks for unreachable nodes, infinite loops, and conformance to flow patterns. Cyclomatic complexity measures a program's structural complexity. Static analysis has limitations but can efficiently find certain faults before testing begins.
Ebru Kazaskeroglu is a software test specialist with over 4 years of experience in test case creation, test execution, and reporting. She has a strong technical background and skills in test planning, test management, databases, web technologies, and test automation tools. Ebru is proficient in English and has published articles on intelligent traffic management and information ethics.
Automated verification is becoming increasingly important. Getting a product from idea to customer as fast as possible in a Continuous Delivery, or a Deployment pipeline is crucial in more businesses than ever before. But how do we get a product through that pipe line, with high quality? Kristian will talk about how automated verification can get you there.
Black box testing, equivalence partitioning, equivalence class partition, ECP, Boundary Value Analysis, BVA, ISTQB Foundation level, Manual Testing, Examples for Equivalence Partitioning, Examples for Boundary value analysis
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "Performance Testing of Big Data" by Roland LeusdenTurkish Testing Board
Agile, Continous Intergration, DevOps, Big data are not longer buzzwords but part of the day today process of everyone working in software development and delivery. To cope with applications that need to be deployed in production almost the same moment they were created, software development has changed, impacting the way of working for everyone in the team. In this talk, Roland will discuss the challenges performance testers face with Big Data applications and how Architecture, Agile, Continous Intergration and DevOps come together to create solutions.
Keynote Systems - Mobile Solutions Overview Presentationvprathap
This document discusses building a better mobile web experience. It introduces Mobile Web Perspective (MWP) 5.0 and Mobile Internet Testing Environment (MITE) 2.0, which are tools for monitoring and testing mobile websites across different devices. There are unique challenges to delivering content via mobile websites versus mobile apps. MWP and MITE help address these challenges by monitoring websites from various global locations and device profiles, and allowing on-demand testing of websites on different devices to identify and resolve performance issues. The tools provide 24/7 monitoring, content verification across devices, and help with performance analysis and optimization.
This document outlines Berk Dülger's professional experience and education. It then discusses DevOps tactical adoption theory, which hypothesizes that each step towards DevOps maturity should provide visible business value to empower continued progression. Continuous testing is discussed as essential to DevOps. Both unit and UI testing are important, but at different stages - unit testing during development and UI testing once functionality is complete. For legacy systems without tests, starting with high-level UI tests provides the most coverage with least effort initially.
This document discusses Agile testing tools. It covers task management tools, software build tools, configuration management tools, test design tools, communication tools, and cloud/virtualization tools. Task management tools help track user stories and tasks throughout sprints. Build tools enable daily builds. Configuration management tools store code and tests. Test design tools help automate testing. Communication tools like wikis and chat support collaboration. Cloud/virtualization tools provide flexible testing environments.
The document discusses the history and current state of software testing certification. It covers:
1) The ISTQB/ISEB certification program began in the late 1990s and early 2000s to standardize software testing knowledge and professionalize the field.
2) The certifications include Foundation, Practitioner, and Specialist levels to cater to candidates with different experience levels.
3) International collaboration through the ISTQB has led to widespread adoption of a common certification syllabus across many countries.
The document summarizes key principles of software testing including:
1. Testing is necessary because software will contain faults due to human errors, and failures can be costly.
2. Exhaustive testing of all possible test cases is impractical. Risk-based prioritization is used to test the most important cases first.
3. The test process includes planning, specification, execution, recording results and checking completion criteria. Effective test cases are prioritized to efficiently find faults.
This document discusses principles of software testing. It covers why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, psychology of testing, re-testing and regression testing, expected results, and principles of testing. Specifically, it notes that testing is needed because software will likely contain faults, to learn about reliability and quality, and to avoid expensive failures. It outlines the typical test process of planning, specification, execution, recording, and completion checking. It also discusses test planning at different levels, test case design, and the importance of prioritization and risk-based testing.
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and processes. It discusses why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, and principles like prioritization of tests and regression testing. The key points are:
1) Testing is necessary to find faults, assess quality, and build confidence, but can never prove that software is completely correct.
2) The test process involves planning, specification, execution, recording, and checking completion criteria.
3) Prioritization of tests is important to focus on the most important and risky areas given time constraints. Regression testing checks for unintended effects of fixes.
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and processes. It discusses why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, and psychology of testing. Key aspects covered include re-testing and regression testing to check for new issues after fixes, prioritizing tests based on risk, and ensuring independence in testing. The goal of testing is to both build confidence and find faults in the software.
This document provides an overview of software testing principles and processes. It discusses why testing is necessary, the fundamental test process, and principles like prioritization of tests and regression testing. The key points are:
1) Testing is necessary to find faults, assess quality, and build confidence, but can never prove that software is completely correct.
2) The test process involves planning, specification, execution, recording, and checking completion criteria.
3) Prioritization of tests is important to focus on the most important and risky areas given time constraints. Regression testing checks for unintended effects of fixes.
ISTQBCH foundation level chapter 01 fundamentals of testingKhalilSalhi5
This document discusses principles of software testing. It covers why testing is necessary due to faults occurring in software from human errors. It describes the fundamental test process which includes test planning, specification, execution, recording, checking completion criteria. It discusses prioritizing tests to focus on important conditions first. Exhaustive testing is not possible due to the large number of combinations. The document also defines key terms like errors, faults, failures and reliability.
The document provides an introduction to Oracle Application Testing Suite. It discusses the FMStocks sample application that will be used for testing purposes. It covers various testing concepts such as test planning, requirements, cases, strategies and approaches like functional testing.
Software Testing- Principles of testing- Mazenet SolutionMazenetsolution
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts. It discusses why testing is necessary due to the likelihood of software faults. The fundamental test process involves test planning, specification, execution, recording, checking completion. An important part of testing is regression testing to check for unintended effects of fixes. Prioritizing tests is important to make the best use of limited testing time. The psychology of testing discusses challenges like finding faults can undermine confidence and independence is important.
Testing- Fundamentals of Testing-Mazenet solutionMazenetsolution
For Youtube Videos: bit.do/sevents
Why testing is necessary,Fundamental test process, Psychology of testing, Re-testing and regression testing,
Expected results,Prioritisation of tests
This document discusses various types of software testing performed at different stages of the software development lifecycle. It describes component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Component testing involves testing individual program units in isolation. Integration testing combines components and tests their interactions, starting small and building up. System testing evaluates the integrated system against functional and non-functional requirements. Acceptance testing confirms the system meets stakeholder needs.
This document discusses fundamentals of software testing. It explains that testing is necessary due to human errors that can lead to defects, and defects can cause failures in software systems impacting users. The key aspects covered are: why testing is needed, what testing entails, testing principles like early testing and defect clustering, the fundamental test process of planning, designing, executing and reporting tests, how much testing is sufficient depending on risk, and skills needed in testers like curiosity and attention to detail.
The document outlines a software testing lifecycle practice plan that includes test planning, case design, execution, defect tracking, and reporting over 10 hours total. It provides details on each stage including objectives, key points, and sample templates. Homework involves drafting a test plan, cases, and report for testing a work log system.
The document discusses object-oriented testing strategies and techniques. It covers unit testing of individual classes, integration testing of groups of classes, validation testing against requirements, and system testing. Interclass testing focuses on testing collaborations between classes during integration. Test cases should uniquely identify the class under test, state the test purpose and steps, and list expected states, messages, exceptions, and external dependencies.
The document describes the key stages of the software testing life cycle (STLC), including contract signing, requirement analysis, test planning, test development, test execution, defect reporting, and product delivery. It provides details on the processes, documents, and activities involved in each stage. Risk analysis and bug/defect management processes are also summarized. Various test metrics and bug tracking tools that can be used are listed.
This document discusses software test documentation standards and processes. It describes the IEEE 829 standard for software test documentation, which includes a test planning and control process involving test plans, analysis and design involving test cases and procedures, implementation and execution involving bug reports and test procedures, and evaluation and reporting involving status reports and test logs. It provides details on various test documentation artifacts like test plans, test designs, test cases, test procedures, and reports. It explains the purpose, structure, and contents of each artifact to provide documentation at different stages of the testing process.
System testing evaluates a complete integrated system to determine if it meets specified requirements. It tests both functional and non-functional requirements. Functional requirements include business rules, transactions, authentication, and external interfaces. Non-functional requirements include performance, reliability, security, and usability. There are different types of system testing, including black box testing which tests functionality without knowledge of internal structure, white box testing which tests internal structures, and gray box testing which is a combination. Input, installation, graphical user interface, and regression testing are examples of different types of system testing.
Software testing is a process used to identify issues and ensure quality in developed software. It involves techniques like unit testing of individual code components, integration testing of interface between components, and system testing of the full application. While exhaustive testing of all possible inputs is not feasible due to time constraints, techniques like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and error guessing help prioritize test cases. The goal is to thoroughly test the most important and error-prone areas with the time available.
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This is the first section of six parts to cover what you need to learn about ISTQB foundations exam. Broken down into pieces and examples to pass. Check out more on my blog: https://www.rogeriodasilva.com/
Software testing for project report .pdfKamal Acharya
Methods of Software Testing There are two basic methods of performing software testing: 1. Manual testing 2. Automated testing Manual Software Testing As the name would imply, manual software testing is the process of an individual or individuals manually testing software. This can take the form of navigating user interfaces, submitting information, or even trying to hack the software or underlying database. As one might presume, manual software testing is labor-intensive and slow.
This document discusses various aspects of software testing, including:
- Definitions of testing and its purposes from software experts.
- Good practices for testing such as focusing on error detection, avoiding non-reproducible tests, and thoroughly inspecting results.
- Different levels of testing from unit to acceptance.
- Methods and types of testing like white-box, black-box, functional, and load testing.
- The importance of planning tests through test plans, procedures, and reports.
- Estimating the number of tests needed and time required for development and execution.
Similar to ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice -1 (20)
The document discusses software testing and preparation for the ISTQB Foundation Certification exam. It covers topics like quality assurance and control, different software development and testing models, types of testing, the testing life cycle, defect management, and test automation. It provides descriptions and explanations of these key testing concepts.
This document provides sample questions and answers that are important from the perspective of the ISTQB Advanced Level certification examination. It includes 75 multiple choice questions covering topics like the types of information that should be collected for problem tracking and test activity tracking as part of a V&V plan, an explanation of Shewart's Plan-Do-Check-Act paradigm, the uses of the CMM, SPA and SCE methods for applying CMM, the key process areas and practices in CMM, and what a maturity questionnaire is in CMM. The document encourages reviewing these questions and answers to brush up on knowledge prior to taking the certification exam.
The document provides questions and answers related to the ISTQB Advanced Level Certification exam. It discusses key principles for system testing, types of errors targeted by regression and integration testing, strategies for integration testing, guidelines for selecting paths in transaction flows, definitions of failure analysis, concurrency analysis, and performance analysis.
The document discusses various topics related to advanced level ISTQB certification exam preparation, including:
- Error-based testing seeks to show certain programmer errors were not committed by focusing on known error types.
- Flavor analysis allows documenting how an object's properties change and checking assumptions.
- Fault-based testing aims to show prescribed faults are absent by demonstrating local or global effects of faults.
- Software life cycle models characterize how software evolves either descriptively or prescriptively.
- Different levels of testing include module, integration, system, and acceptance testing.
This document provides 50 questions and answers on advanced testing techniques for the ISTQB CTAL certification. It discusses topics like conditional testing, expression testing, domain testing, perturbation testing, fault sensitivity testing, propagation oriented testing including path testing and compiler-based testing, data flow testing, and mutation testing. The full document provides detailed explanations of each testing technique.
The document discusses various testing techniques covered in the ISTQB Advanced Level Certification exam, including:
Equivalence partitioning divides inputs into classes that receive equivalent treatment to identify functions and input/output domains. Syntax checking verifies a program can parse incorrectly formatted data. Special value testing selects test data based on function properties to assess accuracy. Implementation-oriented testing guides selection using program details to ensure characteristics are adequately tested. Structure-oriented testing seeks data exercising structural aspects like computations, branches, and data.
The document discusses questions and answers related to the ISTQB Advanced Level Certification exam. It provides definitions and explanations of key testing concepts such as regression testing, error frequency reports, adequacy criteria, limitations of testing, fault seeding, mutation analysis, conditions for faults to cause failures, symbolic analysis, specification oriented testing, and input domain testing.
The document provides details on the ISTQB Advanced Level Certification study guide. It discusses 20 questions and their answers related to software development processes and quality assurance. Key topics covered include software requirements, design, coding, testing, configuration audits, error reporting systems, and defect categorization.
The document discusses configuration management for ISTQB Advanced Level Certification. It provides definitions for configuration management and discusses its importance across the software development life cycle. It also discusses key requirements for successful configuration management like management commitment and a configuration management plan. Additionally, it covers how configuration management can save costs by reducing side effects from changes. Finally, it discusses configuration items, types of discrepancies and change requests, problems like simultaneous updates, and the relationship between quality assurance and the software life cycle.
Introduction to specification based test design techniquesYogindernath Gupta
Specification-based test techniques involve deriving test cases from requirements specifications rather than source code. These techniques include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, state transition testing, all-pairs testing, classification trees, and use case testing. Coverage criteria measure things like the percentage of partitions or boundaries covered. Specification-based techniques help ensure requirements are thoroughly tested before code is written.
Let us delve upon the various skill levels or knowledge levels for the testing industry being designated as K-Levels.
What are K-Levels of knowledge?
K-Levels or “Knowledge Levels” basically refers to the prescription of an upper limit of skills or knowledge essential for a particular certification.
Hierarchy of K-Levels is described in globally recognized Bloom’s Texonomy of learning. Reaching a particular K-Level means that the individual has successfully achieved some measurable & meaningful objectives.
This document provides a roadmap for preparing for HP QuickTest Professional (QTP) certification. It answers two main questions: where to find information about QTP certification and how to prepare for the certification exam. For the first question, it recommends visiting the HP website and reading an article on common questions about QTP certification. For the second question, it provides a list of study materials for QTP version 9.2 and HP Quality Center version 9, including quizzes, tutorials, and descriptive articles covering various concepts.
Unearthing The Power Of IBM – Rational Functional Tester 7.0 - RFTYogindernath Gupta
RFT is a powerful functional testing and automation tool from IBM that allows scripting in Java/Eclipse or Visual Basic/.NET. It enables rapid script recording and testing of applications. The current version integrates with ClearQuest for strong test management with planning, execution, and results analysis. Creating a project, configuring the environment and application under test, and recording scripts are the basic steps to start using RFT.
RFT Tutorial 4 How Do We Record A Script Using Rational Functional Tester - RFTYogindernath Gupta
This tutorial describes the 11 step process for recording a script in Rational Functional Tester (RFT) from IBM. The steps include setting recording options, creating a new script, starting the test application, performing actions, inserting verification points and script commands, and stopping the recording. The recorded script and object map are then written to the project directory.
RFT Tutorial 11 How To Data Drive A Test Script Using Ibm – Rational Function...Yogindernath Gupta
This document outlines 13 steps for data driving an IBM Rational Functional Tester test script. The key steps include: 1) Creating a project to store test assets, 2) Beginning test script recording and choosing a datapool record selection order, 3) Navigating the application to the point to be data driven, 4) Inserting data driven actions and populating fields, 5) Selecting test objects to be data driven using either dragging or a selection wizard, 6) Adding code to the test script to data drive the selected objects, 7) Performing additional recorded actions, and 8) Stopping recording to complete the script and update the datapool.
RFT Tutorial - 9 How To Create A Properties Verification Point In Rft For Tes...Yogindernath Gupta
This tutorial provides steps to create a properties verification point in RFT to test the properties of an object. The verification point creates a baseline of an object's properties during recording and then compares the properties during playback to identify any changes. The steps include starting the recording, selecting the object, choosing to add a properties verification point, setting verification point options like including children properties, adding a name, selecting standard or custom properties, setting retry parameters, and finishing the recording. Optional steps allow editing selected properties to test and using a datapool variable reference instead of a literal value.
Are you interested in dipping your toes in the cloud native observability waters, but as an engineer you are not sure where to get started with tracing problems through your microservices and application landscapes on Kubernetes? Then this is the session for you, where we take you on your first steps in an active open-source project that offers a buffet of languages, challenges, and opportunities for getting started with telemetry data.
The project is called openTelemetry, but before diving into the specifics, we’ll start with de-mystifying key concepts and terms such as observability, telemetry, instrumentation, cardinality, percentile to lay a foundation. After understanding the nuts and bolts of observability and distributed traces, we’ll explore the openTelemetry community; its Special Interest Groups (SIGs), repositories, and how to become not only an end-user, but possibly a contributor.We will wrap up with an overview of the components in this project, such as the Collector, the OpenTelemetry protocol (OTLP), its APIs, and its SDKs.
Attendees will leave with an understanding of key observability concepts, become grounded in distributed tracing terminology, be aware of the components of openTelemetry, and know how to take their first steps to an open-source contribution!
Key Takeaways: Open source, vendor neutral instrumentation is an exciting new reality as the industry standardizes on openTelemetry for observability. OpenTelemetry is on a mission to enable effective observability by making high-quality, portable telemetry ubiquitous. The world of observability and monitoring today has a steep learning curve and in order to achieve ubiquity, the project would benefit from growing our contributor community.
Implementations of Fused Deposition Modeling in real worldEmerging Tech
The presentation showcases the diverse real-world applications of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) across multiple industries:
1. **Manufacturing**: FDM is utilized in manufacturing for rapid prototyping, creating custom tools and fixtures, and producing functional end-use parts. Companies leverage its cost-effectiveness and flexibility to streamline production processes.
2. **Medical**: In the medical field, FDM is used to create patient-specific anatomical models, surgical guides, and prosthetics. Its ability to produce precise and biocompatible parts supports advancements in personalized healthcare solutions.
3. **Education**: FDM plays a crucial role in education by enabling students to learn about design and engineering through hands-on 3D printing projects. It promotes innovation and practical skill development in STEM disciplines.
4. **Science**: Researchers use FDM to prototype equipment for scientific experiments, build custom laboratory tools, and create models for visualization and testing purposes. It facilitates rapid iteration and customization in scientific endeavors.
5. **Automotive**: Automotive manufacturers employ FDM for prototyping vehicle components, tooling for assembly lines, and customized parts. It speeds up the design validation process and enhances efficiency in automotive engineering.
6. **Consumer Electronics**: FDM is utilized in consumer electronics for designing and prototyping product enclosures, casings, and internal components. It enables rapid iteration and customization to meet evolving consumer demands.
7. **Robotics**: Robotics engineers leverage FDM to prototype robot parts, create lightweight and durable components, and customize robot designs for specific applications. It supports innovation and optimization in robotic systems.
8. **Aerospace**: In aerospace, FDM is used to manufacture lightweight parts, complex geometries, and prototypes of aircraft components. It contributes to cost reduction, faster production cycles, and weight savings in aerospace engineering.
9. **Architecture**: Architects utilize FDM for creating detailed architectural models, prototypes of building components, and intricate designs. It aids in visualizing concepts, testing structural integrity, and communicating design ideas effectively.
Each industry example demonstrates how FDM enhances innovation, accelerates product development, and addresses specific challenges through advanced manufacturing capabilities.
Kief Morris rethinks the infrastructure code delivery lifecycle, advocating for a shift towards composable infrastructure systems. We should shift to designing around deployable components rather than code modules, use more useful levels of abstraction, and drive design and deployment from applications rather than bottom-up, monolithic architecture and delivery.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Data Privacy Trends: A Mid-Year Check-InTrustArc
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What can we learn about the first six months of data privacy trends and events in 2024? How should this inform your privacy program management for the rest of the year?
Join TrustArc, Goodwin, and Snyk privacy experts as they discuss the changes we’ve seen in the first half of 2024 and gain insight into the concrete, actionable steps you can take to up-level your privacy program in the second half of the year.
This webinar will review:
- Key changes to privacy regulations in 2024
- Key themes in privacy and data governance in 2024
- How to maximize your privacy program in the second half of 2024
Fluttercon 2024: Showing that you care about security - OpenSSF Scorecards fo...Chris Swan
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The session will provide a walkthrough of the steps involved in securing a first repository, and then what it takes to repeat that process across an organization with multiple repos. It will also look at the ongoing maintenance involved once scorecards have been implemented, and how aspects of that maintenance can be better automated to minimize toil.
UiPath Community Day Kraków: Devs4Devs ConferenceUiPathCommunity
We are honored to launch and host this event for our UiPath Polish Community, with the help of our partners - Proservartner!
We certainly hope we have managed to spike your interest in the subjects to be presented and the incredible networking opportunities at hand, too!
Check out our proposed agenda below 👇👇
08:30 ☕ Welcome coffee (30')
09:00 Opening note/ Intro to UiPath Community (10')
Cristina Vidu, Global Manager, Marketing Community @UiPath
Dawid Kot, Digital Transformation Lead @Proservartner
09:10 Cloud migration - Proservartner & DOVISTA case study (30')
Marcin Drozdowski, Automation CoE Manager @DOVISTA
Pawel Kamiński, RPA developer @DOVISTA
Mikolaj Zielinski, UiPath MVP, Senior Solutions Engineer @Proservartner
09:40 From bottlenecks to breakthroughs: Citizen Development in action (25')
Pawel Poplawski, Director, Improvement and Automation @McCormick & Company
Michał Cieślak, Senior Manager, Automation Programs @McCormick & Company
10:05 Next-level bots: API integration in UiPath Studio (30')
Mikolaj Zielinski, UiPath MVP, Senior Solutions Engineer @Proservartner
10:35 ☕ Coffee Break (15')
10:50 Document Understanding with my RPA Companion (45')
Ewa Gruszka, Enterprise Sales Specialist, AI & ML @UiPath
11:35 Power up your Robots: GenAI and GPT in REFramework (45')
Krzysztof Karaszewski, Global RPA Product Manager
12:20 🍕 Lunch Break (1hr)
13:20 From Concept to Quality: UiPath Test Suite for AI-powered Knowledge Bots (30')
Kamil Miśko, UiPath MVP, Senior RPA Developer @Zurich Insurance
13:50 Communications Mining - focus on AI capabilities (30')
Thomasz Wierzbicki, Business Analyst @Office Samurai
14:20 Polish MVP panel: Insights on MVP award achievements and career profiling
How Social Media Hackers Help You to See Your Wife's Message.pdfHackersList
In the modern digital era, social media platforms have become integral to our daily lives. These platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat, offer countless ways to connect, share, and communicate.
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Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - Tech Forum 2024BookNet Canada
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
Link to presentation recording and transcript: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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With so many projects delivered, our team knows what works and what doesn’t when it comes to WordPress and WooCommerce.
Our team members are:
- highly experienced developers (employees & contractors with 5 -10+ years of experience),
- great designers with an eye for UX/UI with 10+ years of experience
- project managers with development background who speak both tech and non-tech
- QA specialists
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They are all working together to provide you with the best possible service. We are passionate about WordPress, and we love creating custom solutions that help our clients achieve their goals.
At WPRiders, we are committed to building long-term relationships with our clients. We believe in accountability, in doing the right thing, as well as in transparency and open communication. You can read more about WPRiders on the About us page.
The Increasing Use of the National Research Platform by the CSU Campuses
ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice -1
1. Principles of Testing 1 Principles 2 Lifecycle 4 Dynamic test techniques 3 Static testing 5 Management 6 Tools Software Testing ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice Chapter 1
2. Contents Why testing is necessary Fundamental test process Psychology of testing Re-testing and regression testing Expected results Prioritisation of tests Principles 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice
3. Testing terminology No generally accepted set of testing definitions used world wide New standard BS 7925-1 Glossary of testing terms (emphasis on component testing) most recent developed by a working party of the BCS SIGIST adopted by the ISEB / ISTQB
4. What is a “bug”? Error: a human action that produces an incorrect result Fault: a manifestation of an error in software also known as a defect or bug if executed, a fault may cause a failure Failure: deviation of the software from its expected delivery or service (found defect) Failure is an event; fault is a state of the software, caused by an error
5. Error - Fault - Failure A person makes an error ... … that creates a fault in the software ... … that can cause a failure in operation
6. Reliability versus faults Reliability: the probability that software will not cause the failure of the system for a specified time under specified conditions Can a system be fault-free? (zero faults, right first time) Can a software system be reliable but still have faults? Is a “fault-free” software application always reliable?
7. Why do faults occur in software? software is written by human beings who know something, but not everything who have skills, but aren’t perfect who do make mistakes (errors) under increasing pressure to deliver to strict deadlines no time to check but assumptions may be wrong systems may be incomplete if you have ever written software ...
8. What do software faults cost? huge sums Ariane 5 ($7billion) Mariner space probe to Venus ($250m) American Airlines ($50m) very little or nothing at all minor inconvenience no visible or physical detrimental impact software is not “linear”: small input may have very large effect
9. Safety-critical systems software faults can cause death or injury radiation treatment kills patients (Therac-25) train driver killed aircraft crashes (Airbus & Korean Airlines) bank system overdraft letters cause suicide
10. So why is testing necessary? because software is likely to have faults to learn about the reliability of the software to fill the time between delivery of the software and the release date to prove that the software has no faults because testing is included in the project plan because failures can be very expensive to avoid being sued by customers to stay in business
11. Why not just "test everything"? Total for 'exhaustive' testing: 20 x 4 x 3 x 10 x 2 x 100 = 480,000 tests If 1 second per test, 8000 mins, 133 hrs, 17.7 days (not counting finger trouble, faults or retest) 10 secs = 34 wks, 1 min = 4 yrs, 10 min = 40 yrs system has 20 screens Average: 10 fields / screen 2 types input / field (date as Jan 3 or 3/1) (number as integer or decimal) Around 100 possible values Avr. 4 menus 3 options / menu
12. Exhaustive testing? What is exhaustive testing? when all the testers are exhausted when all the planned tests have been executed exercising all combinations of inputs and preconditions How much time will exhaustive testing take? infinite time not much time impractical amount of time
13. How much testing is enough? it’s never enough when you have done what you planned when your customer/user is happy when you have proved that the system works correctly when you are confident that the system works correctly it depends on the risks for your system
14. How much testing? It depends on RISK risk of missing important faults risk of incurring failure costs risk of releasing untested or under-tested software risk of losing credibility and market share risk of missing a market window risk of over-testing, ineffective testing
15. So little time, so much to test .. test time will always be limited use RISK to determine: what to test first what to test most how thoroughly to test each item what not to test (this time) use RISK to allocate the time available for testing by prioritising testing ... } i.e. where to place emphasis
16. Most important principle Prioritise tests so that, whenever you stop testing, you have done the best testing in the time available.
17. Testing and quality testing measures software quality testing can find faults; when they are removed, software quality (and possibly reliability) is improved what does testing test? system function, correctness of operation non-functional qualities: reliability, usability, maintainability, reusability, testability, etc.
18. Other factors that influence testing contractual requirements legal requirements industry-specific requirements e.g. pharmaceutical industry (FDA), compiler standard tests, safety-critical or safety-related such as railroad switching, air traffic control It is difficult to determine how much testing is enough but it is not impossible
19. Contents Why testing is necessary Fundamental test process Psychology of testing Re-testing and regression testing Expected results Prioritisation of tests Principles 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice
20. Test Planning - different levels Test Policy Test Strategy Company level High Level Test Plan High Level Test Plan Project level (IEEE 829) (one for each project) Detailed Test Plan Detailed Test Plan Detailed Test Plan Detailed Test Plan Test stage level (IEEE 829) (one for each stage within a project, e.g. Component, System, etc.)
21. The test process specification execution recording check completion Planning (detailed level)
22. Test planning how the test strategy and project test plan apply to the software under test document any exceptions to the test strategy e.g. only one test case design technique needed for this functional area because it is less critical other software needed for the tests, such as stubs and drivers, and environment details set test completion criteria
23. Test specification specification execution recording check completion Identify conditions Design test cases Build tests Planning (detailed level)
24. A good test case effective exemplary evolvable economic Finds faults Represents others Easy to maintain Cheap to use
25. Test specification test specification can be broken down into three distinct tasks: 1. identify: determine ‘what’ is to be tested (identify test conditions) and prioritise 2. design: determine ‘how’ the ‘what’ is to be tested (i.e. design test cases) 3. build: implement the tests (data, scripts, etc.)
26. Task 1: identify conditions list the conditions that we would like to test: use the test design techniques specified in the test plan there may be many conditions for each system function or attribute e.g. “life assurance for a winter sportsman” “number items ordered > 99” “date = 29-Feb-2004” prioritise the test conditions must ensure most important conditions are covered (determine ‘what’ is to be tested and prioritise)
28. Task 2: design test cases design test input and test data each test exercises one or more test conditions determine expected results predict the outcome of each test case, what is output, what is changed and what is not changed design sets of tests different test sets for different objectives such as regression, building confidence, and finding faults (determine ‘how’ the ‘what’ is to be tested)
29. Designing test cases Importance Time Most important test conditions Least important test conditions Test cases
30. Task 3: build test cases prepare test scripts less system knowledge tester has the more detailed the scripts will have to be scripts for tools have to specify every detail prepare test data data that must exist in files and databases at the start of the tests prepare expected results should be defined before the test is executed (implement the test cases)
32. Execution Execute prescribed test cases most important ones first would not execute all test cases if testing only fault fixes too many faults found by early test cases time pressure can be performed manually or automated
34. Test recording 1 The test record contains: identities and versions (unambiguously) of software under test test specifications Follow the plan mark off progress on test script document actual outcomes from the test capture any other ideas you have for new test cases note that these records are used to establish that all test activities have been carried out as specified
35. Test recording 2 Compare actual outcome with expected outcome. Log discrepancies accordingly: software fault test fault (e.g. expected results wrong) environment or version fault test run incorrectly Log coverage levels achieved (for measures specified as test completion criteria) After the fault has been fixed, repeat the required test activities (execute, design, plan)
37. Check test completion Test completion criteria were specified in the test plan If not met, need to repeat test activities, e.g. test specification to design more tests specification execution recording check completion Coverage too low Coverage OK
38. Test completion criteria Completion or exit criteria apply to all levels of testing - to determine when to stop coverage, using a measurement technique, e.g. branch coverage for unit testing user requirements most frequently used transactions faults found (e.g. versus expected) cost or time
39. Comparison of tasks one-off activity activity repeated many times Governs the quality of tests Good to automate Clerical Intellectual Execute Recording Planning Specification
40. Contents Why testing is necessary Fundamental test process Psychology of testing Re-testing and regression testing Expected results Prioritisation of tests Principles 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice
41. Why test? build confidence prove that the software is correct demonstrate conformance to requirements find faults reduce costs show system meets user needs assess the software quality
42. Confidence No faults found = confidence? Fault found Faults found Time Confidence
43. Assessing software quality Few Faults Many Faults Few Faults Few Faults Few Faults You may be here You think you are here Test Quality Low High Software Quality Low High
44. A traditional testing approach Show that the system: does what it should doesn't do what it shouldn't Fastest achievement: easy test cases Goal: show working Success: system works Result: faults left in
45. A better testing approach Show that the system: does what it shouldn't doesn't do what it should Fastest achievement: difficult test cases Goal: find faults Success: system fails Result: fewer faults left in
46. The testing paradox Purpose of testing: to find faults The best way to build confidence is to try to destroy it Purpose of testing: build confidence Finding faults destroys confidence Purpose of testing: destroy confidence
47. Who wants to be a tester? A destructive process Bring bad news (“your baby is ugly”) Under worst time pressure (at the end) Need to take a different view, a different mindset (“What if it isn’t?”, “What could go wrong?”) How should fault information be communicated (to authors and managers?)
48. Tester’s have the right to: accurate information about progress and changes insight from developers about areas of the software delivered code tested to an agreed standard be regarded as a professional (no abuse!) find faults! challenge specifications and test plans have reported faults taken seriously (non-reproducible) make predictions about future fault levels improve your own testing process
49. Testers have responsibility to: follow the test plans, scripts etc. as documented report faults objectively and factually (no abuse!) check tests are correct before reporting s/w faults remember it is the software, not the programmer, that you are testing assess risk objectively prioritise what you report communicate the truth
50. Independence Test your own work? find 30% - 50% of your own faults same assumptions and thought processes see what you meant or want to see, not what is there emotional attachment don’t want to find faults actively want NOT to find faults
51. Levels of independence None: tests designed by the person who wrote the software Tests designed by a different person Tests designed by someone from a different department or team (e.g. test team) Tests designed by someone from a different organisation (e.g. agency) Tests generated by a tool (low quality tests?)
52. Contents Why testing is necessary Fundamental test process Psychology of testing Re-testing and regression testing Expected results Prioritisation of tests Principles 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice
53. Re-testing after faults are fixed Run a test, it fails, fault reported New version of software with fault “fixed” Re-run the same test (i.e. re-test) must be exactly repeatable same environment, versions (except for the software which has been intentionally changed!) same inputs and preconditions If test now passes, fault has been fixed correctly - or has it?
54. Re-testing (re-running failed tests) x x x x New faults introduced by the first fault fix not found during re-testing Re-test to check Fault now fixed
55. Regression test to look for any unexpected side-effects x x x x Can’t guarantee to find them all
56. Regression testing 1 misnomer: "anti-regression" or "progression" standard set of tests - regression test pack at any level (unit, integration, system, acceptance) well worth automating a developing asset but needs to be maintained
57. Regression testing 2 Regression tests are performed after software changes, including faults fixed when the environment changes, even if application functionality stays the same for emergency fixes (possibly a subset) Regression test suites evolve over time are run often may become rather large
58. Regression testing 3 Maintenance of the regression test pack eliminate repetitive tests (tests which test the same test condition) combine test cases (e.g. if they are always run together) select a different subset of the full regression suite to run each time a regression test is needed eliminate tests which have not found a fault for a long time (e.g. old fault fix tests)
59. Regression testing and automation Test execution tools (e.g. capture replay) are regression testing tools - they re-execute tests which have already been executed Once automated, regression tests can be run as often as desired (e.g. every night) Automating tests is not trivial (generally takes 2 to 10 times longer to automate a test than to run it manually Don’t automate everything - plan what to automate first, only automate if worthwhile
60. Contents Why testing is necessary Fundamental test process Psychology of testing Re-testing and regression testing Expected results Prioritisation of tests Principles 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice
61. Expected results Should be predicted in advance as part of the test design process ‘Oracle Assumption’ assumes that correct outcome can be predicted. Why not just look at what the software does and assess it at the time? subconscious desire for the test to pass - less work to do, no incident report to write up it looks plausible, so it must be OK - less rigorous than calculating in advance and comparing
62. A test A Program: Source: Carsten Jorgensen, Delta, Denmark 3 8 6? 10? Read A IF (A = 8) THEN PRINT (“10”) ELSE PRINT (2*A) inputs expected outputs
63. Contents Why testing is necessary Fundamental test process Psychology of testing Re-testing and regression testing Expected results Prioritisation of tests Principles 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice
64. Prioritising tests We can’t test everything There is never enough time to do all the testing you would like So what testing should you do?
65. Most important principle Prioritise tests so that, whenever you stop testing, you have done the best testing in the time available.
66. How to prioritise? Possible ranking criteria (all risk based) test where a failure would be most severe test where failures would be most visible test where failures are most likely ask the customer to prioritise the requirements what is most critical to the customer’s business areas changed most often areas with most problems in the past most complex areas, or technically critical
67. Summary: Key Points Testing is necessary because people make errors The test process: planning, specification, execution, recording, checking completion Independence & relationships are important in testing Re-test fixes; regression test for the unexpected Expected results from a specification in advance Prioritise to do the best testing in the time you have Principles 1 2 3 4 5 6 ISTQB / ISEB Foundation Exam Practice