Successful schools

The document discusses trends in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). It outlines 15 trends, including changing the goal from imitation of native speakers to producing competent English speakers, viewing English teachers as facilitators rather than just instructors, incorporating e-learning and strategic teaching approaches, and linking language learning to leadership skills. The trends reflect a movement toward more learner-centered approaches, use of technology, and teaching English as a means to learn other subjects rather than an end in itself.

1) The document discusses the reform of education in Algeria prior to and following the implementation of the LMD system, and the consequences on students' motivation. 2) It examines the tutoring process at Ferhat Abbas University, finding that tutors lacked training materials like a syllabus and experience with tutoring. 3) Effective tutoring requires open communication to understand students' misconceptions and set targets, but the "can do" culture of assuming students can succeed without support can hinder the tutoring process.

Universal design is an approach to designing products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. When applied to instruction, universal design for learning principles call on teachers to consider all students' varied abilities when planning lessons, ensuring classrooms are safe and accessible for all, using multiple teaching methods and assessment types, and providing ongoing feedback and accommodations. The goal is to reduce barriers in original curriculum designs so that fewer students are considered disabled and more can succeed. Effective implementation in education involves hands-on, interactive, engaging lessons that make learning exciting through projects and creative activities.