This document discusses smart grids and was presented by Norrazman Zaiha Zainol. It outlines that smart grids use digital technologies to create two-way communication between electricity suppliers, distributors, and consumers. This allows demand to be optimized and renewable energy to be integrated. The key components of smart grids include centralized generation facilities, transmission infrastructure, end-user technologies, and physical and software networks to connect all parts of the system. Smart grids provide benefits like enabling consumer participation, optimizing asset usage, and integrating intermittent renewable sources, but also face challenges regarding data privacy, fair distribution of demand, and ensuring system security.
This document provides an overview of smart grids. It discusses how smart grids use digital technology to save energy, reduce costs, and increase reliability by allowing for two-way communication between utilities and customers. Key benefits of smart grids include more choices for consumers and utilities, better integration of renewable energy, improved power quality and customer service, increased grid efficiency and resilience, and greater utilization of system assets. The document also outlines some of the core components and technologies that make up a smart grid system.
A power point presentation on smart grid : transforming the traditional grid including difference with traditonal grid ,components , advantage , disadvantages.
The document discusses the implementation of the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program (R-APDRP) in Rajasthan, India. Key points:
- R-APDRP aims to establish reliable baseline data and adopt IT in energy accounting to reduce losses before distribution strengthening projects.
- It has two parts - Part A focuses on IT applications for energy auditing and consumer services. Part B covers network renovation.
- The Discoms of Rajasthan have taken steps like forming implementation committees and appointing an IT consultant to timely execute the scheme and avail grants.
- Benefits of R-APDRP include increased consumer satisfaction, transparency, reduced out
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
The document discusses smart grid technology. It begins with an introduction and then covers related work, components of a smart grid like connectivity networks and access networks, how smart grids work using two-way communication, features, comparisons to traditional grids, advantages like reduced losses and carbon footprint, and disadvantages like intermittent renewable sources. It concludes that smart grids will modernize energy supply and create smart homes and cities. The future scope is improved infrastructure and widespread adoption like the Internet. References are provided.
The presentation discusses smart grid technology, including its attributes, reasons for use, components, users, and how it works. A smart grid uses information technologies to improve how electricity is delivered from power plants to consumers. It allows for two-way interaction between consumers and the grid and integrates new technologies. Key benefits include reduced costs, improved reliability, efficiency and capacity, enabling predictive maintenance and automated operations. Security and privacy are main concerns due to two-way communication and potential for hacking of automated meters. The future of smart grid is uncertain but may become widely used over the long run.
Renewable Energy Sources are being used in Off-Grid mode. By integrating all these sources to a common point energy efficiency can be improved and frequent dynamic faults can be avoided. This approach needs to implement smart grid and technologies.
This document provides an overview of smart grids, including their components, advantages, and limitations. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication technology to detect and automatically respond to local changes in usage. It aims to reduce costs and carbon emissions by integrating renewable energy sources. Key components include smart meters for sensing usage, core networks for connectivity between substations, and distribution networks for transmitting data to databases. Advantages are reduced carbon, automated control, and increased efficiency. Limitations include inadequate existing infrastructure and intermittent renewable sources.
Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
The document provides an introduction to smart grid technologies. It defines a smart grid as an electricity network that uses digital computing and communication technologies to intelligently integrate generators, consumers, and prosumers. The key components of a smart grid include smart meters, home energy management systems, renewable generation integration, and technologies like sensing and advanced control methods. While smart grids provide benefits like improved reliability and sustainability, challenges remain around costs, policy and regulation, and ensuring interoperability between new and old equipment. Overall, smart grids are seen as revolutionizing the electrical network for more efficient, reliable and green energy in the future.
V2G allows electric vehicles to provide power to the electrical grid during periods of peak demand by allowing two-way power flow. There are three main versions of V2G involving battery-powered vehicles that can provide power to the grid from excess battery capacity during peak times and recharge during off-peak times. V2G systems provide benefits like peak load leveling and spinning reserves but challenges include potential grid overloading and high vehicle costs compared to ICE vehicles.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission. Some key points:
- HVDC transmission has advantages over HVAC like lower transmission losses over long distances. The first HVDC link was between Gotland and mainland Sweden in 1954.
- HVDC uses direct current instead of alternating current to transmit electricity over long distances. It requires only two conductors instead of three. Losses are also lower compared to HVAC.
- HVDC transmission can be classified as homopolar, monopolar or bipolar depending on the conductor configuration. Early HVDC projects in India included the Rihand-Delhi and Chandrapur-Padghe lines which helped transmit
By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the maximum and would not be wasted. It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of energy supply. Allows consumers to interact with the grid.
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
The document discusses smart grid technology, including its key features and components. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication to deliver power more efficiently by integrating renewable energy, automated demand response, and distributed generation. It allows for better management of supply and demand through technologies like smart meters, power line communication, and advanced distribution automation. The smart grid aims to address issues with existing power grids like high outage costs and inefficient peak load management through real-time monitoring and control enabled by communication networks and technologies. Future work is still needed in areas like security, standardization, and reducing upfront consumer expenses.
The document discusses smart grids as a modernization of existing power systems. It describes smart grids as using information technology and communication networks to create a more decentralized, efficient and renewable-based electric grid. Some key benefits of smart grids include improved energy efficiency, higher power reliability, lower costs for consumers, and better integration of renewable energy sources. However, smart grids also face challenges such as high installation costs and potential cybersecurity and privacy issues. The document provides an overview of smart grid components and technologies as well as examples of smart grid pilot projects being implemented in India.
The document discusses smart grids and their challenges. It defines a smart grid as a modernized electrical grid that uses communications technology to improve efficiency. Key aspects of smart grids include reliability, efficiency, load balancing, sustainability, and two-way power and data flows. However, challenges include inadequate existing infrastructure, intermittent renewable resources, and regulatory policies around pricing. Overall, smart grids aim to enable active consumer participation, accommodate diverse energy sources, and operate resiliently.
This document provides an overview of smart grids. It discusses how smart grids use digital technology to save energy, reduce costs, and increase reliability by allowing for two-way communication between utilities and customers. Key benefits of smart grids include more choices for consumers and utilities, better integration of renewable energy, improved power quality and customer service, increased grid efficiency and resilience, and greater utilization of system assets. The document also outlines some of the core components and technologies that make up a smart grid system.
A power point presentation on smart grid : transforming the traditional grid including difference with traditonal grid ,components , advantage , disadvantages.
The document discusses the implementation of the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program (R-APDRP) in Rajasthan, India. Key points:
- R-APDRP aims to establish reliable baseline data and adopt IT in energy accounting to reduce losses before distribution strengthening projects.
- It has two parts - Part A focuses on IT applications for energy auditing and consumer services. Part B covers network renovation.
- The Discoms of Rajasthan have taken steps like forming implementation committees and appointing an IT consultant to timely execute the scheme and avail grants.
- Benefits of R-APDRP include increased consumer satisfaction, transparency, reduced out
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
The document discusses smart grid technology. It begins with an introduction and then covers related work, components of a smart grid like connectivity networks and access networks, how smart grids work using two-way communication, features, comparisons to traditional grids, advantages like reduced losses and carbon footprint, and disadvantages like intermittent renewable sources. It concludes that smart grids will modernize energy supply and create smart homes and cities. The future scope is improved infrastructure and widespread adoption like the Internet. References are provided.
The presentation discusses smart grid technology, including its attributes, reasons for use, components, users, and how it works. A smart grid uses information technologies to improve how electricity is delivered from power plants to consumers. It allows for two-way interaction between consumers and the grid and integrates new technologies. Key benefits include reduced costs, improved reliability, efficiency and capacity, enabling predictive maintenance and automated operations. Security and privacy are main concerns due to two-way communication and potential for hacking of automated meters. The future of smart grid is uncertain but may become widely used over the long run.
Renewable Energy Sources are being used in Off-Grid mode. By integrating all these sources to a common point energy efficiency can be improved and frequent dynamic faults can be avoided. This approach needs to implement smart grid and technologies.
This document provides an overview of smart grids, including their components, advantages, and limitations. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication technology to detect and automatically respond to local changes in usage. It aims to reduce costs and carbon emissions by integrating renewable energy sources. Key components include smart meters for sensing usage, core networks for connectivity between substations, and distribution networks for transmitting data to databases. Advantages are reduced carbon, automated control, and increased efficiency. Limitations include inadequate existing infrastructure and intermittent renewable sources.
Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
The document provides an introduction to smart grid technologies. It defines a smart grid as an electricity network that uses digital computing and communication technologies to intelligently integrate generators, consumers, and prosumers. The key components of a smart grid include smart meters, home energy management systems, renewable generation integration, and technologies like sensing and advanced control methods. While smart grids provide benefits like improved reliability and sustainability, challenges remain around costs, policy and regulation, and ensuring interoperability between new and old equipment. Overall, smart grids are seen as revolutionizing the electrical network for more efficient, reliable and green energy in the future.
V2G allows electric vehicles to provide power to the electrical grid during periods of peak demand by allowing two-way power flow. There are three main versions of V2G involving battery-powered vehicles that can provide power to the grid from excess battery capacity during peak times and recharge during off-peak times. V2G systems provide benefits like peak load leveling and spinning reserves but challenges include potential grid overloading and high vehicle costs compared to ICE vehicles.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission. Some key points:
- HVDC transmission has advantages over HVAC like lower transmission losses over long distances. The first HVDC link was between Gotland and mainland Sweden in 1954.
- HVDC uses direct current instead of alternating current to transmit electricity over long distances. It requires only two conductors instead of three. Losses are also lower compared to HVAC.
- HVDC transmission can be classified as homopolar, monopolar or bipolar depending on the conductor configuration. Early HVDC projects in India included the Rihand-Delhi and Chandrapur-Padghe lines which helped transmit
By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the maximum and would not be wasted. It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of energy supply. Allows consumers to interact with the grid.
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
What is a Smart Grid?
The Smart Grid Enables the ElectriNetSM
Local Energy Networks
Electric Transportation
Low-Carbon Central Generation
What Should Be the Attributes of the Smart Grid?
Why Do We Need a Smart Grid?
Is the Smart Grid a “Green Grid”?
Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA - by Mr. S.R. Sethi, Senior Advisor UPES UPES Dehradun
This document provides an overview of power generation and distribution in India. It discusses the various modes of power generation including thermal (~65%), hydro (~22%), and renewable (~10%) sources. Power is transmitted through central and state transmission utilities and distributed to end users through distribution agencies. The key end user segments are industries (38%), domestic (22%), agriculture (22%), and commercial (8%). The document also discusses India's goals for renewable energy capacity addition and integration through its 12th and 13th five year plans.
The document discusses the design and components of electrical power grids. It begins with an introduction to power grids, noting their three main components: power stations, transmission lines, and transformers. It then covers various topics related to designing a power grid substation including selecting the site, layout designs, busbar schemes, safety clearances, earth mat design, and control rooms. Key equipment for grids are also discussed such as lighting arrestors, current and potential transformers, circuit breakers, and isolators. The presentation concludes that grids are important for supplying reliable and economic power from sources to loads and maintaining efficiency, though their design and components make them costly.
The document discusses smart grids, which integrate information and communication technology into the existing electricity grid to increase reliability, security, and efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. It compares the existing grid, which uses electromechanical and one-way communication, to the smart grid, which uses digital communication and sensors for self-monitoring and restoration. The smart grid works by integrating distributed energy sources and using continuous monitoring for fault prevention and control. This improves energy conservation during transmission, distribution, and transformation. India faces electricity demand and deficit issues that smart grids could help address through their advantages and various pilot projects.
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ENVIRONMENT WITH SMART GRIDNIT MEGHALAYA
This document discusses distributed generation and the smart grid environment. It provides an introduction to the need for changes in energy generation, delivery, and use to establish sustainability and restore environmental balance. The document then discusses different forms of renewable energy sources and distributed generation. It describes some of the challenges of distributed generation and how a smart grid can help solve these issues. Finally, it discusses components of the smart grid like advanced metering infrastructure and phasor measurement units, and the benefits of integrating distributed generation with the smart grid.
This document discusses the cyber security risks of smart grids and proposes an integrated security framework to address these risks. Smart grids integrate information infrastructure with electrical infrastructure, improving performance but also increasing vulnerability to cyber attacks. The framework features security agents, managed security switches, and a security manager to provide layered protection, intrusion detection, and access control across the power automation network in a scalable and extensible manner. This integrated approach is needed as power systems have different security needs than traditional IT networks.
The presentation gives an introduction to the concept of smart grids and compares it with the existing power grid. It provides a brief idea about the technologies involved in smart grids.
The document discusses key aspects of smart grids including how they allow two-way communication between utilities and consumers to save energy and reduce costs and emissions. It also discusses how smart grids optimize the operation of interconnected grid elements and integrate renewable energy and energy storage. Challenges to smart grids include upgrading aging infrastructure and developing regulatory policies to accommodate features like time-of-use pricing.
The document discusses India's electrical grid and the need for a smart grid. It notes that India's current electricity demand is 210,000 megawatts but production is only 182,200 megawatts, resulting in a deficit of 10.2%. A smart grid would use digital technology and two-way communication to automate control and improve reliability, efficiency, and use of renewable energy sources. Key benefits would include economic development through new jobs and innovation, higher customer satisfaction through improved reliability and outage reduction, and environmental benefits from reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid. In this proposed scheme STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the real power source under fluctuating wind power. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme relives the main supply source from the reactive power demand of the load and the induction generator. The development of the grid co-ordination rule and the scheme for improvement in power quality norms as per IEC-standard on the grid has been presented.
wireless power transmission via solar power satellitechingaro
Wireless energy transfer uses magnetic fields or microwaves to transmit electricity between two objects over short or long distances without wires. Nikola Tesla pioneered this concept in the late 1890s by transmitting energy wirelessly over 40 km. While promising for reducing transmission losses, challenges remain for large-scale adoption including high costs and potential health effects. Space-based solar power satellites aim to overcome some issues by collecting solar energy in space for wireless transmission to Earth.
Smart Grid is a domain that straddles several technologies. This is an attempt to present a quick outline of the relevant technologies. The presentation also includes a bird's eye view of the key smart grid players including large companies, start-ups and power utilities.
This whitepaper highlights the opportunity for Smart Grid Solutions in India for the next 5-10 years as well as suggests recommendation for multinational companies planning to enter this market.
The document discusses the electricity sector in India. It provides details on the current installed power capacity in India as of 2011-12, which includes thermal, hydro, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass and other sources. It also discusses the smart grid system which enables two-way communication between utilities and consumers to efficiently deliver power. Key components of a smart grid discussed include smart meters, distribution intelligence, and ability of appliances to communicate with the smart grid and each other. Technical issues in implementing a smart grid like proper network laying, short circuits, overloading etc. are also summarized.
This document discusses power quality issues such as voltage sags, interruptions, spikes, swells, and harmonics. It explains the causes and consequences of each issue. Solutions discussed include improving the electric grid, using distributed energy resources like generators and energy storage, following standards, installing enhanced interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive. The key is preventing power quality problems through various measures to avoid losses.
The document discusses smart grid control. It defines smart grid control as algorithms or rules to handle smart grid systems. This allows for implementation of renewable energy and microgrids while making power grid control over wide area networks more challenging. The document outlines various smart grid control enablers like sensors, communication channels, and computational platforms. It also discusses frameworks for smart grid control from standards bodies like NIST. Specific control applications discussed include automated demand response, distribution grid optimization, and wide-area control using phasor measurement units.
An embedded system's input devices have quite limited capabilities. Since there won't be an input device or mouse, as there are in computer systems, interacting with the embedded system won't be simple. Input devices for user interaction are absent from numerous embedded systems used in process control. They receive input from transmitters or detectors that will generate electrical signals which are fed to other mechanisms.
The capabilities of the embedded systems' external devices are also extremely constrained. A few LEDs may be present in some embedded systems to show the modules' overall health or to signal alarms visually. Some important aspects may also be displayed on LCDs.Embedded systems are widely used in a variety of industries. Due to the wide range of applications for these systems, the embedded system market is one of the most dynamic.
Consumer devices, process automation, medical technology, wireless and data communication, the military, automotive, and aerospace, as well as household appliances are all examples of this.
This document discusses smart grids, which aim to make the electricity delivery system more efficient and sustainable. It describes how smart grids use two-way communication and automation to better manage generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. This allows for things like demand response, reduced carbon emissions and more reliable power. Key components of smart grids are discussed like smart meters, sensors, distributed generation and control centers. Challenges to implementing smart grids are also outlined.
The document discusses the components and advantages of smart grids. It explains that smart grids use digital technology to monitor, control and analyze the electricity supply chain. This allows for more reliable delivery of power from various distributed sources like solar and wind. Key smart grid technologies include intelligent appliances, smart meters, super conducting cables, phasor measurement units, and smart substations. The smart grid provides benefits like better power management, supply/demand management, and remote meter reading. However, security and grid volatility are disadvantages if the network is not developed properly. Overall, smart grids have revolutionized the energy system through increased reliability, efficiency and consumer access.
The document discusses India's power grid network and the transition to a smart grid system. It provides information on:
- India's existing regional power grids and their interconnections.
- The definition and key characteristics of a smart grid, including its use of digital technology, smart meters, and two-way communication.
- The advantages of a smart grid like enabling renewable energy integration, demand response programs, and modernizing transmission and distribution systems.
TM Forum- Management World Americas - Smart Grid SummaryShekhar Gupta
The document discusses the current electric grid and outlines the vision for a smart grid, which would implement a communications network overlay to measure, manage, and control the electric grid. It describes the various stakeholders in the smart grid ecosystem and outlines some of the standards and technologies needed to realize the smart grid vision, including advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and a communications portal to enable two-way communication between utilities and customer energy devices.
In upcoming generation there is many advancement in electrical grid which make them more reliable. the smart grid was introduced with the aim of overcoming the weaknesses of conventional electrical grids using smart net meters.
Smart grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology to improve reliability, optimize asset utilization, and enhance security. It uses integrated communication, power automation, smart meters, sensing and measurement, and advanced components. In Sri Lanka, smart grid implementation includes prepaid electricity metering by Dialog Axiata and solar power monitoring by JLanka. Worldwide, smart grids are used for generation and transmission expansion and reducing emissions. The advantages are reduced costs, failures, theft and carbon footprint while the disadvantages include needing continuous communication networks and being expensive to install.
Smart Grid is an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances.
This document discusses smart grids, which use digital technology and automation to gather and act on information about electricity use in order to make the delivery of electricity more efficient, reliable and sustainable. It describes how smart grids evolved from traditional power grids to incorporate more advanced communication technologies. Some key features of smart grids are reliability, flexibility, efficiency, sustainability and enabling energy markets. Smart grids allow more renewable energy sources and demand response by consumers. While they provide advantages like improved efficiency and reliability, smart grids also face challenges implementing new technologies and raising privacy and security concerns.
Smart grids use two-way digital communications and computer processing to improve efficiency in electricity generation, transmission, distribution and usage. This allows for increased integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage, automated distribution and usage monitoring. Microgrids allow localized energy generation and distribution, improving reliability, reducing costs and facilitating renewable energy integration. Modeling frameworks like Modelica and EOOM are useful for designing and simulating large, complex smart grid systems.
This document provides an overview of smart grids, including:
- The introduction summarizes smart grids as adding new technologies and equipment to existing power grids to allow two-way energy and information flows.
- Key features of smart grids include distributed power generation, self-monitoring, adaptive micro-grids, and giving consumers control over their energy usage.
- Benefits of smart grids are more efficient transmission, quicker restoration after outages, lower costs for utilities and consumers, increased renewable energy integration, and improved security.
- Challenges include developing wireless mesh routing protocols, ensuring security and quality of service, and designing effective communication networks.
This presentation summarizes key aspects of smart grid technology. It discusses topics that will be covered, including an introduction to smart grids, their implementation and explanation, advantages and disadvantages, and users. The presentation defines smart grids as using automatic reconfiguration and control through a combination of hardware, software and communication infrastructure. This allows consumers and utilities to manage and respond to energy issues. The presentation outlines pillars of smart grids and their benefits, such as reducing emissions and optimizing distribution, while also noting challenges and costs. Examples of implemented smart grids are provided.
The document discusses smart grids, including their key concepts, functions, benefits and the need to transition to them. Some of the main points covered are:
- A smart grid utilizes two-way communication and sensing capabilities to better manage supply and demand across the electrical generation, transmission and distribution systems.
- Drivers for smart grids include enhancing power reliability, integrating renewable energy sources, and satisfying increasing electricity demand in a sustainable manner.
- Smart grid functions allow for improved monitoring, control, fault detection and power flow management across the entire network.
- Challenges to implementing smart grids in India include inadequate infrastructure, power theft issues, and lack of consumer awareness.
The document discusses the concepts and components of a smart grid, including the electrical grid, the need for smart grids, drivers for smart grids, functions and challenges. It provides details on the conceptual model of a smart grid which includes bulk generation, transmission, distribution, operations, service provider, markets and customer domains. It also highlights differences between conventional and smart grids.
since our electrical system consists of many interconnections .in order to have a proper transmission we need grid if we incorporate some sensors it results in smart grid .today grid system consists of all interconnection tapping points
The document discusses the key components and functioning of a smart grid system. It describes how a smart grid uses advanced sensing, communications and control technologies to monitor and optimize the entire electricity delivery network from generators to end users. The smart grid aims to improve reliability, efficiency and sustainability of the traditional grid through two-way communication between suppliers and consumers of electricity. It allows for better demand response and integration of diverse energy sources including renewables.
Security challenges to power grid and smart grid infrastructuresP K Agarwal
The document discusses security challenges facing power grids and smart grids. It notes increasing blackouts in the US and cyber security incidents globally. The Indian power grid is vast in size and undergoing smart grid pilots. Security encompasses operational, physical and cyber security. Challenges include the tight coupling of IT and physical infrastructure, legacy systems, and continuous availability demands. Collaboration between industry, government and academia is needed to address challenges through standards, technologies and a process-based approach.
This document discusses work-based learning programs and opportunities for industry involvement at the Faculty of Technology and Vocational Technology (FPTV) at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). It provides details on 7 initial bachelor of technology programs offered, as well as the curriculum structure which incorporates work-based learning. Examples of mechanisms for work-based learning include delivery of practical teaching and learning at industry sites, monitoring by industry and faculty, and assessment of student performance. Benefits to industry partners include access to qualified talent, technology development opportunities, tax deductions, and more. The document outlines 3 types of double tax deductions available to companies participating in work-based learning programs and research collaborations.
Perundangan berkaitan kebisingan seperti Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling mengenai pencemaran bunyi, Akta Kilang dan Jentera dan Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan
This document discusses the history and importance of occupational safety and health. It begins with the earliest known publications on occupational diseases and safety practices dating back to 2000 BC. It then outlines key developments in occupational safety and health laws and regulations over time in Malaysia, including the Boiler Safety Enactment in 1913, the Factories and Machinery Act in 1967, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1994. The document also defines important OSH terms and concepts like hazards, risks, accidents and near misses. It examines accident causation theories and models. Tables show reported workplace accident statistics in Malaysia from 2001 to 2010. Major industrial disasters like Bhopal and Chernobyl are also briefly summarized.
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Title: Relational Database Management System Concepts(RDBMS)
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
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Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Feedback and Contact Information:
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2. OUTLINES
• Introduction
• Generation mix of electricity
• Current electrical grid
• Energy demand
• Major incidents and lesson learned
• Driven factors for Malaysia new smart grid
• What is smart grid?
• Why we should go for smart grid
• Concept of smart grid
• The functionality of Smart Grid
• Components of Smart Grid
• Benefits of Smart Grid
• Issue on Smart Grid
• Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
• Many countries and electricity markets are looking at Smart
Grid as advanced solutions in delivering mix of enhanced
values ranging from higher security, reliability and power
quality, lower cost of delivery, demand optimization and
energy efficiency.
• Its advanced capabilities - demand optimization, delivery
efficiency and renewable energy optimization will lead to
lower carbon footprint and overall lower energy cost and
investment in energy related infrastructure.
• It is to ensure sustainable development in the electricity
sector and many benefits of the all stakeholders.
4. GENERATION MIX OF ELECTRICITY
• Malaysia has a good mix of energy resources like oil, natural gas, coal and
renewable energies such as biomass, solar and hydro
8. ENERGY DEMAND
• 2009, energy demand is 16,132 MW, compared to 10
years before the demand of electricity is just 9690
MW.
• This rapid increase in demand is due to the high
economic development rate of Malaysia.
• For the last 30 years, average percentage increases of
electricity is 9.2 % yearly
9. MAJOR INCIDENTS AND LESSON LEARNED
• 13 January 2005, a power blackout on northern
peninsular Malaysia occurred when a transmission
line near Serendah, Selangor, had broken down.
• In 22 April 2008 Sabah had the worst power outage
since the commissioning of the east west power grid.
Suspected vandals are believed to have removed
steel pieces of a 132kV transmission tower that led
to its collapse, triggering a major power blackout.
• These incidents have called for TNB to initiate new
system to backup the existing power supply in order
to prevent power interruption or breakdown to the
system.
10. DRIVEN FACTORS FOR MALAYSIA NEW
SMART GRID
• Increasing reliability, efficiency and safety of the power grid.
• Enabling decentralized power generation so homes can be
both an energy client and supplier (provide consumers with
an interactive tool to manage energy usage, as net metering).
• Flexibility of power consumption at the clients side to allow
supplier selection (enables distributed generation, solar, wind,
biomass).
• Increase GDP by creating more new, green-collar energy jobs
related to renewable energy industry manufacturing, plug-in
electric vehicles, solar panel and wind turbine generation,
energy conservation construction
11. WHAT IS SMART GRID?
• In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network
utilizing digital technology.
• Its connects between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
• Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-
way digital communications to control appliances at
consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy,
reduce costs and increase reliability.
• A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that
lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or
millions of devices from a central location.
12. WHY WE SHOULD GO FOR SMART
GRID?
• Smart control of Energy Demand
• Reduce emitting green house gaseous
(GHG)
• Increase Power Quality
13. CONCEPT OF SMART GRID
• The basic concept of Smart Grid is to add
monitoring, analysis, control, and
communication capabilities to the national
electricity delivery system.
• This in turn can maximize the output of
equipment, help utilities lower costs, improve
reliability, decrease interruptions, and reduce
energy consumption.
15. THE FUNCTIONALITY OF SMART GRID
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
• Be able to heal itself
• Motivate consumers to actively participate in
operations of the grid
• Resist attack
• Accommodate all energy generation and storage
options
• High quality power
• Optimize asset to run more efficiently
• Enable high penetration of intermittent generation
sources
17. SUMMARY OF COMPONENTS OF SMART GRID
Main components Centralized Transmission / distribution End-user location
generation
Physical power assets Power plants - Power lines, substations, - Smart meter / wireless
(including transformers, etc devices
storage) - Sensors, security (networked - Microgeneration
cameras etc) - Storage
- Storage
Physical Power station - Access and transport network Home area network
communications assets communicatio (powerline, fixed or
ns network (fibre, powerline or wireless), wireless)
- switches and routers
Software and Distributed data processing - on-site, off-site and virtualised
applications
Grid management / load balancing / power Business and consumer
routing; end-user usage and billing; IT security; energy management
grid and communication network operation and
management systems (including protection and
control)
18. BENEFIT OF SMART GRID
Among the benefits as the followings:
• Enabling active participation by consumers.
• Enabling new products, services and markets.
• Providing power quality for the digital economy.
• Optimizing asset utilization and efficient
operation.
• Anticipating and responding to system
disturbances.
19. ISSUE ON SMART GRID
Among the issues as the followings:
• Lack of recognition or rewards on operational efficiency
• Customer concerns over privacy and transfer of data without their
knowledge,
• Fair distribution of electricity demand
• Social concerns over information abuses
• People are concerns on extra control of electricity that government
have
• Customers are concerns on computer security
• Malware and hacker threat
• Utilities hard to justify for investment on smart grid
• Problem over intermittent RE source – e.g. weather
• Outdate and old existing electrical facilities
20. CONCLUSION
• Smart Grid technology provides opportunity for Malaysia to
enhance the existing grid and preventing reoccurrences of
major incidents.
• Smart Grid technologies can improve the reliability, security,
and efficiency of current electrical grid.
• Intelligent devices can automatically adjust to changing
conditions to prevent blackouts and increase capacity.
• Before the implementation, Malaysia has to study and do
proper planning to ensure Smart Grid is executes smoothly
and comprehensively.
Malaysia has a good mix of energy resources like oil, natural gas, coal and renewable energies such as biomass, solar and hydro. In spite of this plenty of resources, the country is dependent on fossil fuel for industrial and transportation sector. In 2009, 94.5% of electricity is generated by using fossil fuel such as natural gas, coal, diesel oil and fuel oil. Currently, Malaysia owns three main networks of electricity grid which are situated at Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak [5].
The network covers the whole of Peninsular Malaysia, linking power generation stations owned by TNB and Independent Power Producers (IPP) to consumers. About 11, 000 km of transmission lines functioning at 132, 275, and 500 kV connects more than 400 transmission substations in Peninsular Malaysia. The 500 kV transmission network is the single largest transmission network to be developed in Malaysia. National Grid is linked to the transmission network of Singapore Power Limited at Senoko with a capacity to transmit 200 MW of power [8].
Electricity grid in Sabah is control by Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) which is a power generation, transmission, and distribution company. It is the only power utility firm in Sabah, Malaysia. It has 54 generating stations. SESB has capacity to generate 785 MW of power. The projected growth of demand of electricity is around 7.7% per year up to 2010. Power generation is chiefly from hydroelectric and thermal plants.
Sarawak electrical grid is control by Syarikat SESCO Berhad where SESCO is shortform for Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation. It generates, transmits, and distributes power to Sarawak state. SESCO supplies power to about 382,000 customers. There are 36 power stations with a capacity of 750 MW having 64% gas turbines, 18% thermal generators, and 18% hydro turbines that are set up all over the state. SESCO generates power chiefly from hydroelectric and thermal plants.
According to TNB, there are few factors that catalyzed them to move forward for smart grid which are as follows: - Electricity demand growth needs large resource because future demand is estimated to double within next 20 years- Energy security is constrained by costs with addition to that where government’s planning to restructure the subsidy for energy sector by 2015- Implementation of feed-in tariff (FiT) will generate growth of renewable energy which required specific technologies to stabilize and control the RE- Support government commitment to reduce emission by 40% by year of 2020
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers. In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
Variation of Energy demand – depending on consumption, in some sector they demand more energy while the others may utilizes less or can be reduced. With Smart Grid technology, we be able to manage the energy efficiently and maximize saving.Reduce emitting green house gaseous (GHG) – Currently, mostly the demanded energy satisfies by utilizing fossil fuel, nuclear, coal etc thus applying Smart Grid, we can reduce dependence on these resources and with proper integration between existing energy resources and renewable energy, we can reduce GHG emission to environment. Power quality – backup system in Smart Grid technology will minimize or zeroing power interruption which as well can leads to no blackout and seamless supply if proper planning and execution is done.
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
Referring to below Figure 6, a Smart Grid involve an open standard for communications with devices within the network that comprises of transmission and distribution, smart metering, two-way communications between a utility and its customers, and smart interconnections to distributed energy resources.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings [10,12]:1. Be able to heal itself Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures. 2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.3. Resist attack Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice. 5. High quality powerOutages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of its system integration that links all the power generation stations, transmission and distribution centers.6. Optimize asset to run more efficiently A smart grid can optimize capital assets while minimizing operations and maintenance costs. Optimized power flows reduce waste and maximize use of lowest-cost generation resources. Harmonizing local distribution with inter-regional energy flows and transmission traffic improves use of existing grid assets and reduces grid congestion and bottlenecks, which can ultimately produce consumer savings. 7. Enable high penetration of intermittent generation sources Climate change and environmental concerns will increase the amount of renewable energy resources. These are for the most part intermittent in nature. Smart Grid technologies will enable power systems to operate with larger amounts of such energy resources since they enable both the suppliers and consumers to compensate for such intermittency
Main component of Smart Grid as follows:1. Smart metersThe foundation of the smart grid is the smart meter, consisting of:metrology components used to measure energy usagebuilt-in microprocessors to carry out data management and control functiontwo-way communications capability to receive and transmit data.In addition to these features, smart meters are usually fitted with a data display and security protocols. This advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) devices can communicate over the grid at regular intervals, to send data in real time to the utility’s head-end systems and to customer display devices. 2. CommunicationsThe communications infrastructure in Smart Grid is real-time, two-way high-end communications technology between each of the components using technologies such as wireless (RF) mesh or powerline carrier (PLC), or provided using existing public communications infrastructure, such as GSM/GPRS or Wi-Fi networks. This lines should be secured to safeguard sensitive consumer data as it is transmitted throughout the grid. Home area networks (HANs), which connect smart meters and other smart devices within a home or business, are also needed for home energy management purposes.3. Grid managementIn a smart grid, sensors and distributed computing turn grid assets, such as substations, transformers and power switches, into intelligent elements capable of communicating with head-end systems. The grid can report problems in real time, as well as pinpoint, isolate and fix them. Other benefits include being able to direct the flow of electricity in response to demand patterns and to integrate large-scale generation from renewable sources. Grid management refers to the software that controls the grid infrastructure. Grid management systems must be able to handle various functions, such as load balancing, handling information on grid assets, managing input from distributed power sources, and communication between back-office systems and smart meters.4. Demand responseMetering, communications and grid management enable greater levels of control over the grid. This allows utilities to charge differing rates for peak and off-peak usage, to incentivize customers to reduce their energy usage during peak times. This requires provision of regularly updated supply of information to consumers about both usage and prices of electricity. 5. Energy storageStoring surplus energy for release to the grid when needed is expected to be an integral part of the completed smart grid. As utilities increase their use of renewable energy sources, they will need to have reserve sources of power for when outputs from solar and wind plants drop. Energy-storage technologies include compressed air storage, hydroelectric pumped storage, battery storage and thermal-mass storage. Micro-storage in homes and businesses will also become more prevalent. For example, it will be possible to use plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), which are on the roadmap of all major car manufacturers, as micro-storage facilities, with consumers able to feed back excess power into the grid.6. SecurityThe smart grid’s physical components and management data need to be protected from attack; consumer data also needs to be safe – and to be seen to be safe – in order for smart grids to be acceptable to users and governments. Security systems of different kinds will be integrated into the grid’s data management and communications systems.7. The smart homeThe smart meter will be the foundation of tomorrow’s smart home. Over time, more and smarter devices will be added to the home, including remote thermostats, in-home data displays, and smart domestic appliances equipped with two-way communications and control, air conditioning units, solar panels and other microgeneration sources, and PHEVs. The smart meter and other smart devices will be interconnected by a HAN. This will enable near-real-time monitoring of energy consumption and power-management functions, such as switching on appliances at off-peak times to benefit from cheaper rates. Home energy management will enable consumers to understand their energy consumption better and change their usage to save power and money [14].A Smart Grid will also facilitate the market adoption and interconnection of plug-in hybridelectric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles that can be plugged into electrical outlets for recharging.
Among the benefits as the followings [11]:1. Enabling active participation by consumers.Two-way communication between utilities and consumers will enabling consumers to monitor their usage of energy in real-time and feedback to utilities on their requirements. Consumers will be able to manage their energy costs proactively including selling energy back to the utility for revenue while for utility providers, will be able to help balance supply and demand and ensure reliability by modifying the way their customer use and purchase electricity. 2. Enabling new products, services and markets.In overlaying intelligence across the national grid, Smart Grid principles and technologies support the creation of well-integrated electricity markets that attract new market participants to open the door to new ideas, products and services.3 Providing power quality for the digital economy.Growing demand of digital economy likes servers, telecommunications, brokerage operation etc will require digital-quality power. The Smart Grid will be able to supply varying grades of power quality with a variety of pricing options. It will also detect and correct poor power quality before its effects become significant, dramatically reducing customer losses due to power quality issues and increasing overall quality control of the grid. 4. Optimizing asset utilization and efficient operation.The Smart Grid will be able to exploit proven technologies to optimize the use of its assets i.e. power plants, distribution substations and other critical infrastructure. Such improvements will result in more power flowing through existing assets as well as giving utilities more precise insight into the need for additional power plants. Operational improvements will range from improved load factors to lower system losses. The result: A net reduction in utility costs, and maximization of efficiencies throughout the system.5. Anticipating and responding to system disturbances.By performing continuous self-assessments, the Smart Grid will be able to prevent disruptions rather than simply react to them and act faster than operators ever could in resolving fast moving problems.
Beside the benefits, some peoples are concern on the disadvantages that can be surfaced from application Smart Grid. In Europe and USA, significant impediments exist to the widespread adoption of Smart Grid technologies, including:- Except for certain award by US government, most regulatory environments don't reward utilities for operational efficiency, - Due to information technology embedded in Smart Grid, consumers are more concerns over privacy and transfer of data without their knowledge,- Because Smart Grid manages the energy by controlling the usage of consumer, there are social concerns over "fair" availability of electricity where customers afraid that unequal shares of electricity may occurs especially between low-energy-usage users and hi-energy-usage users.- Social concerns over Enron style abuses of information leverage,- People are concerns over giving the government mechanisms to control the use of all power using activities, and- Customers are concerns on computer security for example, one of the key capabilities of smart grid is the ability to remotely switch off power supplies, enabling utilities to quickly and easily cease or modify supplies to customers who default on payment. If the system is under attack, it will collapse the entire network. - Aside from computer infiltration, there are also concerns that computer malware like Stuxnet, which targeted systems on the SCADA software language widely used in industry, could do to a smart grid network.- Investment on Smart Grid may be difficult for certain utility providers due to cost justification. In example, for smart metering or any type of smart system, it must make a business case for the investment. In addition some of component required high initial investment but are needed only during emergencies and only effective if integrating with other suppliers on the network, thus, without any incentive to install them, power suppliers would choose not to install. Most utilities find it difficult to justify installing a communications infrastructure for a single application (e.g. meter reading). Because of this, a utility provider must typically identify several applications that will use the same communications infrastructure; for example, reading a meter, monitoring power quality, remote connection and disconnection of customers, enabling demand response, etc. - For the smart grid, the weather is major obstacle because most of the renewable energy source likes solar and wind are heavy relaying with the condition of nature. Without proper planning on distribution of power generation; both of traditional and RE, if one of them is fails and the backup system unable to support the demand i.e. unbalance power, this will leads to power interruption. - Most of the countries facing problem with old and worn out electricity delivery system e.g. transmission lines and some may be due to over used because of growing energy demand from human activities. In addition, increasing utilization of electronic devices such as computers, high-definition TV’s, microwave ovens, etc that are more sensitive to variations in electric voltage will leads to electrical grid is becoming more fragile. As a result, the reliability of electrical power will decline [4].Of the above, Smart Grid having some issues that should be addressed and overcome in order to fully capitalized on this technology. A new approach required to identify and manage the issue as well as significantly increases the efficiency of the entire electrical delivery system and meeting the objective or goals of Smart Grid.