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Microservices for building an IDE
The innards of JetBrains Rider
Maarten Balliauw
@maartenballiauw
JetBrains Rider
demo
Rider
Cross-platform, full-stack .NET IDE
All languages, all frameworks
Even WinForms (on Windows)
Rider C++ in preview
Lightweight, fast & yet a full IDE!
Built on IntelliJ IDEA and ReSharper
Helps you be more productive as a developer
Free trial! https://RiderIDE.net/maarten
History

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In 2017…
“When will JetBrains come with its own .NET IDE?”
ReSharper constrained by Visual Studio environment
32-bit process resource constraints
Changes in VS impact ReSharper
.NET Core
No good and consistent cross-platform IDE
Cross-platform...
...means a cross-platform UI toolkit is needed!
ReSharper UI built with WinForms and WPF
Existing ReSharper UI would need converting
WinForms? (Mono sort of has it)
GTKSharp?
Qt?
IntelliJ Platform
Foundation of all of our IDE’s
Project view, code completion, UI toolkit
+ Platform plugins such as version control, terminal, ...
+ JetBrains <product name> IDE plugins
Open source (build your own IDE – e.g. Android Studio, Comma IDE & others)
https://github.com/JetBrains/intellij-community
Windows, Linux, Mac – already cross-platform thanks to JVM
IntelliJ Platform + R# ?
IntelliJ Platform
Great foundation to build on
Windows, Linux, Mac
JVM
ReSharper (R#)
All of those .NET inspections, refactorings, code
generation, project model, ...
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Options!
Rewrite R# in Java?
16 years of implementation and knowledge
Would bring 2 R# implementations... Automatic conversion?
Run R# as a command-line process
Already possible (thanks, 2004!)
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Headless R# as a language server
Cross-platform (.NET on Windows, .NET Core on macOS/Linux)
No constraints
It is ReSharper! 2 products, 1 code base
IntelliJ as a thin UI
Control the R# process
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R# handles almost everything
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How to handle concurrency?
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Data types aren’t that complex...
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A tree of id, name and icon nodes
Inspections
A set of name, icon, severity, tooltip, text range
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IntelliJ is our view, ReSharper provides the model
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Project.Files["Foo.cs"].Inspections.Add(
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Conflict resolution...
Changes to data in shared model can come from IJ and R#
Can still cause conflicts due to features or timing/GC issues
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R#: “I just refactored foo.cs”
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Signal Event that is fired when something happens
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Field Immutable value
Call/callback RPC-style call, needed from time to time
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Observable/observer
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}
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}
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interfaceISignal<T>:ISource<T>,ISink<T> { }
Property
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Lifetime to manage subscription
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Method
Document
Inspections
...
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No need to think about multiple processes, state, conflict resolution, ...
Cross-language, cross-platform
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Sockets can be on multiple machines
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: base(lifetime, ...) {
AddHeader("Tool settings");
AddToolPathFileChooserOption(lifetime, commonFileDialogs);
AddEmptyLine();
AddStringOption((CSIOptions s) => s.ToolArguments,
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Which NuGet package was that type in again? In this session, let's build a "reverse package search" that helps finding the correct NuGet package based on a public type. Together, we will create a highly-scalable serverless search engine using Azure Functions and Azure Search that performs 3 tasks: listening for new packages on NuGet.org (using a custom binding), indexing packages in a distributed way, and exposing an API that accepts queries and gives our clients the best result.

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azurendc oslonuget
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Speaking from experience building a SaaS: users are insane. If you are lucky, they use your service, but in reality, they probably abuse. Crazy usage patterns resulting in more requests than expected, request bursts when users come back to the office after the weekend, and more! These all pose a potential threat to the health of our web application and may impact other users or the service as a whole. Ideally, we can apply some filtering at the front door: limit the number of requests over a given timespan, limiting bandwidth, ... In this talk, we’ll explore the simple yet complex realm of rate limiting. We’ll go over how to decide on which resources to limit, what the limits should be and where to enforce these limits – in our app, on the server, using a reverse proxy like Nginx or even an external service like CloudFlare or Azure API management. The takeaway? Know when and where to enforce rate limits so you can have both a happy application as well as happy customers.

azurecloudweb
Every IDE as both a client and server
Front-end and back-end: separate process & memory
Whatever happens in the backend, the frontend can process the user's typing
Bring this technology to other IDE’s?
Reuse WebStorm's HTML/CSS/JS functionality in ReSharper
(e.g. Visual Studio + R# using WebStorm in back-end mode)
Summary
Conclusion
Rider is an IDE built on
two IDE’s
two technology stacks
Rich and easy programming model was needed to bridge the two
Protocol gave rise to
more than two processes
more than one machine
micro UI
Free trial! www.jetbrains.com/rider
Thank you!
https://blog.maartenballiauw.be
@maartenballiauw

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Microservices for building an IDE - The innards of JetBrains Rider - NDC Oslo 2020

  • 1. Microservices for building an IDE The innards of JetBrains Rider Maarten Balliauw @maartenballiauw
  • 3. Rider Cross-platform, full-stack .NET IDE All languages, all frameworks Even WinForms (on Windows) Rider C++ in preview Lightweight, fast & yet a full IDE! Built on IntelliJ IDEA and ReSharper Helps you be more productive as a developer Free trial! https://RiderIDE.net/maarten
  • 5. JetBrains Founded 2000 in Prague (Czech Republic) 2000 IntelliJ Renamer 2001 IntelliJ 2004 ReSharper 2020 20+ IDE’s and other developer tools
  • 7. ReSharper IDE Project was halted (but not gone to waste) Keep functionality separate from the actual IDE Same core, IDE interoperability layer on top Visual Studio 2010, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019 ReSharper command line tools (CLI) Several concepts and architecture remained
  • 8. “When will JetBrains come with its own .NET IDE?”
  • 9. Why build a .NET IDE? In 2017… “When will JetBrains come with its own .NET IDE?” ReSharper constrained by Visual Studio environment 32-bit process resource constraints Changes in VS impact ReSharper .NET Core No good and consistent cross-platform IDE
  • 10. Cross-platform... ...means a cross-platform UI toolkit is needed! ReSharper UI built with WinForms and WPF Existing ReSharper UI would need converting WinForms? (Mono sort of has it) GTKSharp? Qt?
  • 11. IntelliJ Platform Foundation of all of our IDE’s Project view, code completion, UI toolkit + Platform plugins such as version control, terminal, ... + JetBrains <product name> IDE plugins Open source (build your own IDE – e.g. Android Studio, Comma IDE & others) https://github.com/JetBrains/intellij-community Windows, Linux, Mac – already cross-platform thanks to JVM
  • 12. IntelliJ Platform + R# ? IntelliJ Platform Great foundation to build on Windows, Linux, Mac JVM ReSharper (R#) All of those .NET inspections, refactorings, code generation, project model, ... .NET
  • 13. Options! Rewrite R# in Java? 16 years of implementation and knowledge Would bring 2 R# implementations... Automatic conversion? Run R# as a command-line process Already possible (thanks, 2004!) “Just need our own UI on top”
  • 14. IntelliJ Platform + R# ! Headless R# as a language server Cross-platform (.NET on Windows, .NET Core on macOS/Linux) No constraints It is ReSharper! 2 products, 1 code base IntelliJ as a thin UI Control the R# process
  • 15. Both sides are an IDE... Is IntelliJ IDEA really a thin UI? Three sorts of features... IJ handles everything R# handles almost everything Both IDE’s make a more awesome IDE
  • 16. 1 + 1 = 3 demo
  • 17. How to make them talk? Inter-process communication
  • 18. Example: Context actions (Alt+Enter) IntelliJ Text editor, caret(s) Alt+Enter key binding “Language infrastructure” + C# facade ReSharper C# language, inspections, actions IntelliJ Render actions, may add own entries Data: a tree of id, name and icon nodes
  • 19. 1. Bi-directional User can be typing A refactoring or completion may be injecting code at the same time 2. Can be implemented with delta’s IntelliJ pushes delta to R# R# pushes delta to IntelliJ Can’t really do RPC (user experience would be bad) How to handle concurrency? Data: a delta (from line + column, to line + column, text to insert) Example: Writing code
  • 20. Data types aren’t that complex... Context actions A tree of id, name and icon nodes Inspections A set of name, icon, severity, tooltip, text range Writing code Delta with from line + column, to line + column, text to insert Fairly simple messages! We can make this generic enough! e.g. make one inspection work  make them all work
  • 21. Which protocol do we use? Re-use Language Server Protocol (LSP)? Great in itself – IDE concepts like window, editor, language, diagnostics, ... We would need customizations for R# feature set Or build a custom REST-like protocol? Experimented with JSON, ProtoBuf, request/response style
  • 22. Request-action-response LSP and custom protocol are mostly request/response Every call needs context (which solution, project, file, location in code, ...) Realization: Why use this “request-action-response” flow? Why RPC? Both IDE’s share a similar model and architecture Messages are simple, but for RPC they would need context (which solution, which file, state info, ...) – overhead!
  • 23. Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) IntelliJ is our view, ReSharper provides the model Protocol is the ViewModel, sharing lightweight data Project.Files.Add("Foo.cs") Project.Files["Foo.cs"].Inspections.Add( "Possible null reference", "Warning", 20, 30, 20, 42); Both processes can react to such change (observable + observer)
  • 24. Conflict resolution... Changes to data in shared model can come from IJ and R# Can still cause conflicts due to features or timing/GC issues IntelliJ: “I just deleted file foo.cs” R#: “I just refactored foo.cs” Solutions! Locking? (freezes, how to handle deadlocks?) Conventions!
  • 25. Conflict conventions! View + Model (or client: IntelliJ + server: ReSharper) Each value stored in the view model has a version Updates by the view/client increment the version Updates by the model/server do not Only accept changes if version is the same or newer If not, the change is discarded
  • 27. Obligatory diagram Ideally, our developers do not have to know the details of this. Just create view models.
  • 28. Rider protocol “Reactive Distributed communication framework for .NET, Kotlin, JS, C++” Open source - https://github.com/jetbrains/rd 1. Include protocol libraries and build tools on all sides 2. Write view model in special DSL 3. Generate code 4. Work with generated model .NET/Kotlin/JS/... code generator Model definition DSL Primitives Conflict resolution, serialization, ... Sockets, batching, binary wire protocol
  • 29. Rider protocol Only need to know about a few data types & create model Conflict resolution, wire protocol, timeouts, ... handled by protocol Code generated based on the defined view model Bonus points: no reflection/introspection needed on every run Hierarchical + lifetimes
  • 30. Primitives Primitive Description Signal Event that is fired when something happens Property Observable value List/set/map Observable collections Field Immutable value Call/callback RPC-style call, needed from time to time byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean, string, securestring, void, enum, ... Primitives and special types Aggregatedef/classdef/structdef A node in the viewmodel
  • 31. Signal (event) Producers/subscribers Observable/observer Using lifetime to manage subscription // Produceevent interfaceISource<T>{ voidFire(T value); } // Subscribetoevent interfaceISink<T> { voidAdvise(Lifetimel,Action<T> handler); } // Event interfaceISignal<T>:ISource<T>,ISink<T> { }
  • 32. Property Signal implementation Lifetime to manage subscription // Observableproperty interfaceIProperty<T>: ISink<T> { T Value{ get;set;} voidAdvise(Lifetimel,Action<T> handler); voidView(Lifetime l,Action<Lifetime,T>handler); }
  • 33. Hierarchical + lifetimes Cleanup and resource management Objects attach to lifetime Lifetime destroys attached objects Parent lifetime destroys children NuGet: JetBrains.Lifetimes publicclassLifetime: IDisposable{ privateStack<Action> resources = newStack<Action>(); publicvoidAttach(Actionresource){ resources.Push(resource); } publicvoidAttach(IDisposabledisposable){ resources.Push(disposable.Dispose); } publicvoidDispose(){ while(resources.Count> 0) { varresource= resources.Pop(); resource(); } } }
  • 34. Hierarchical + lifetimes Solution NuGethost Project Document Inspections PSI (Program StructureInterface) Class Field Method Document Inspections ... Project Local history NuGettool window Project Editor tab Inspections Language Editor tab Inspections Language viewmodel(Riderprotocol)
  • 36. Rider protocol Kotlin-based DSL - easy to work with for our developers Update view model, generate code, work with generated code Find Usages, Navigation, ... work while crafting model No need to think about multiple processes, state, conflict resolution, ... Cross-language, cross-platform Plugin model for Rider is more complex (IJ and R# parts may be needed) https://github.com/JetBrains/fsharp-support https://github.com/JetBrains/resharper-unity https://github.com/JetBrains/azure-tools-for-intellij
  • 38. Two processes! Isolation! Each has their own 64 bit memory space Also their own, separate GC Multi-core machines Start/stop independently
  • 39. Debugging? Four processes. Rider (IntelliJ + ReSharper) Debugger worker process Your application
  • 40. Multiple processes... What if certain features were running in their own process? No need to run all the time Own memory constraints Start/stop/crash independently
  • 41. Shared view model Pass around a shared view model to interested parties Example: Roslyn analyzers/inspections Pass around “reference” of [ { name, icon, severity, tooltip, text range } ]
  • 43. Multiple machines Socket-based wire protocol Sockets can be on multiple machines Example: Docker debugging Remote debugging
  • 44. Unity game engine www.unity3d.com Extension to view model Rider plugin Unity editor plugin https://github.com/JetBrains/resharper-unity https://twitter.com/kskrygan/status/1064950644094705664
  • 47. Model the view as well public CSharpInteractiveOptionsPage(Lifetime lifetime, ...) : base(lifetime, ...) { AddHeader("Tool settings"); AddToolPathFileChooserOption(lifetime, commonFileDialogs); AddEmptyLine(); AddStringOption((CSIOptions s) => s.ToolArguments, "Tool arguments:", "Additional tool arguments"); AddHeader("Tool window behavior"); AddBoolOption((CSIOptions s) => s.FocusOnOpenToolWindow, "Focus tool window on open"); AddBoolOption((CSIOptions s) => s.FocusOnSendLineText, "Focus tool window on Send Line"); AddBoolOption((CSIOptions s) => s.MoveCaretOnSendLineText, "Move caret down on Send Line"); // ... }
  • 48. Multiple machines WPF on macOS/Linux Rendering on Windows Front-end on one machine, back-end on another ...
  • 49. Every IDE as both a client and server Front-end and back-end: separate process & memory Whatever happens in the backend, the frontend can process the user's typing Bring this technology to other IDE’s? Reuse WebStorm's HTML/CSS/JS functionality in ReSharper (e.g. Visual Studio + R# using WebStorm in back-end mode)
  • 51. Conclusion Rider is an IDE built on two IDE’s two technology stacks Rich and easy programming model was needed to bridge the two Protocol gave rise to more than two processes more than one machine micro UI Free trial! www.jetbrains.com/rider

Editor's Notes

  1. This talk is about: How Rider came to be How protocol allowed us to gain additional knowledge and ideas of separating parts of our IDEs and building TOWARDS microservices This talk is also about building a new product based on many years of previous investments
  2. Open ContosoUniversity in Rider Show solution explorer Show editor where you can type, show inspections, navigation, refactoring Mention debugging Mention tools like database Mention cross platform
  3. Now that we have seen a bit of the IDE, let’s look at some history first.
  4. Talk about history of JetBrains a bit, mention Eclipse in 2002, need for a new product. Mention ReSharper plugin to VS..
  5. ReSharper 1.0 -> 2.0 – let’s do a full IDE Rely on being a plugin to VS? Or build a full .NET IDE? It was never released, but a fully functional prototype. Provided a solution explorer, an editor, find usages, code completion and refactorings. Built on .NET WinForms and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) wasn’t around. Project halted – VS plugin seemed best way to go
  6. Project halted (but not gone to waste) Concepts and architecture remained Action system Text control implementation Several tool windows and toolbar controls Unit test runner ReSharper command line tools (CLI) Keep functionality separate from the actual IDE Helped future versions of ReSharper: Visual Studio 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017 Same core, IDE interoperability layer on top
  7. Headless R# as a language server Cross-platform (.NET on Windows, Mono on Linux and macOS) No constraints (64 bit process, and its own memory space) It is ReSharper! 2 products, 1 code base IntelliJ as a thin UI Control the R# process Client/server or IPC communication
  8. Is IntelliJ really a thin UI? Full IDE for its own languages, no need for R# there Combined languages (e.g. JS/TS/HTML in IJ and R#) Change tracking, VCS, REST client, tool windows, ... Three cases... Features where IJ handles everything Features where R# handles almost everything Features where both IDE’s make an awesome IDE Both sides are an IDE! Same concepts, but not the same knowledge about the project
  9. Open ContosoUniversity in Rider Navigate to *.html – Navigation already includes all flows! Files in IJ, symbols in IJ, symbols in R# HTML editor is purely IntelliJ Navigate to *.cshtml – Again both IDE’s at work CSHTML is both C# and HTML – now what? Both IDE’s! Navigate to HomeController C# is al ReSharper. Or is it? Show database tools + language injection with database query. Mention local history – tracked by IJ but R# needs to know about this too, e.g. in a big refactoring
  10. If we are going to make them talk, let’s look at how we could model the data that goes over the wire.
  11. Re-use Language Server Protocol (LSP)? Great in itself – IDE concepts like window, editor, language, diagnostics, ... Built for/with VS Code and the ideas in that IDE. Not bad! PoSh plugin uses this, and works fine! But feature set is a bit more limited than what we have in R#. We would need customizations... LSP is lowest common denominator – some R# refactorings can not be done Mixed languages? e.g. CSHTML which can be HTML + CSS + JS + C#/VB.NET Build a custom REST-like protocol? Experimented with JSON, ProtoBuf, request/response style Slow, hard to customize, hard to develop with when all is in motion
  12. Objects bind to other objects, instead of parent keeping track of just direct children
  13. Open empty project in Rider, install a NuGet package, show log tab Open Rider in IntelliJ IDEA NuGetModel.kt – explain it Extends the solution node in the model Has a bunch of inner classes, and properties Interesting is sink(“log”) Generated version: RdNuGetHost – Kotlin implementation of our view model In RiderNuGetLogPanel – init -> facade.host.log.advise(facade.lifetime) Open ReSharperHost.Generated.sln in Rider Generated version: RdNuGetHost – C# implementation of our model In NuGetNativeLogger, public override void Log(ILogMessage message) => myHost.Log.Fire( new NuGetLogMessage(message.Time, NuGetLogContext.NuGet, Convert(message.Level), message.Message)); Open Rider in IntelliJ IDEA NuGetModel.kt – find property("configFiles", immutableList(classdef("RdNuGetConfigFile") { RiderNuGetSourcesPanel – init - facade.host.configManager.configFiles.advise(facade.lifetime) { newFiles -> Similar construct to subscribe to sources being added to the view model Open ReSharperHost.Generated.sln in Rider In NuGetCredentialProviderHost, show lifetime example – when solution closes the lifetime closes, so this thing cleans up as well
  14. Mention WPF, WinForms
  15. Thought experiments: WPF/XAML renderer
  16. Rider and Unity Editor can be started independently, but this does not prevent us from both processes to look for each other’s Rider Protocol connection. When both are launched and the connection is allowed, Rider can share its view model with Unity Editor and vice-versa. This lets Rider control play/pause/and stop buttons in Unity, and also provides the ability to debug code in Rider, even though it is running in the Unity Editor.
  17. Rider and Unity Editor can be started independently, but this does not prevent us from both processes to look for each other’s Rider Protocol connection. When both are launched and the connection is allowed, Rider can share its view model with Unity Editor and vice-versa. This lets Rider control play/pause/and stop buttons in Unity, and also provides the ability to debug code in Rider, even though it is running in the Unity Editor.
  18. Also way forward with R# OOP
  19. Thought experiments: WPF/XAML renderer