HTML5 e CSS3 (slides della sessione tenuta al DIMI di Udine)

Introduzione a HTML5 e CSS3
Gabriele Gigliotti
Dipartimento di Matematica – Università degli studi di Udine
April 20th 2011

[2] link to Google Images search result page

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
DOCTYPE: The Syntax

Doctype Made Easy
HTML5
<!DOCTYPE html>

A Bare HTML5 Doc
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
</html>
<head>
</head>
<title>A Funny Title</title>
<html lang=”en”>
<meta charset=”utf-8”>
<body>

</body>

Detecting HTML5 Powered Sites
Chrome Add-on: HTML5 powered
[3]

HTML Goes Multimedia (Natively)!
Brand new <video> and <audio> tags.
Natively embedding video and audio files in html
file (as you do with images).
No Flash, Silverlight or other proprietary plug-in

HTML <video>: The Syntax
<video src="video.webm" controls>

HTML <video>: The Syntax
<video src="video.webm" controls>
</video>
Your browser does not support video element.

The Codec War
WebM H.264
(mp4)
Ogg Theora
IE9 Manual
Install
yes no
FF4 yes no yes
Chrome yes About to
drop
yes
Opera yes no yes
Safari no yes no

The Codec War Effect
<video controls>
</video>
<source src="video.webm"
type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'>
<source src="video.mp4" type='video/mp4;
codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'>
Your browser does not support video element.

Flash vs HTML5 <video>
● Easy integration with other
web tech.
● No security issues.
● It delivers better semantic.
● Content Protection.
● Easily Manageble.
● No affected by codec war
<video>
Flash
[4] Taken from Sonny Piers Photostream on Flikr

Web Forms: New Input Types
Before HTML5
<input type=”text”>
Generic use

Web Forms: New Input Types
<form>
<input type=”search”>
...
</form>

New Input Types
<form>
<input type=”email”>
...
</form>
Semantic at work
(part 1)

New Input Types
<form>
<input type=”email”>
...
</form>
Semantic at work
(part 2)

New Input Types
<form>
<input type=”url”>
...
</form>

New Input Types
<form>
<input type=”tel”>
...
</form>
Delivering better
User experience
through semantic!

Input Type Number Attributes
<form>
<input type=”number”
min=”1”
max=”11”
step=”2”>
<input type="range" min="1" max="11"
step="2" value="3">
...
</form>

Input Type “Calendar Controls”
<input type="date"
min="2011-04-02"
max="2011-04-30"
step="2">

Input Type “Calendar Controls”
<form>
<input type=”time” value=”00:30” >
...
</form>

Web Forms 2.0: New Attributes
You can do in HTML what yo previously did
with JavaScript”
autofocus
<input type="text" id="hobby" autofocus>
autofocus through JavaScript (the old way)
<script>
// to be invoked on onload()
function giveFocus() {
document.getElementById("hobby").focus();
}
</script>

Web Forms 2.0: New Attributes
You can do in HTML what yo previously did
with JavaScript”
pattern
<input type="text" id="cap" name="cap"
pattern="[0-9]{5}">

The Canvas Element
A “place” where you can write: JavaScript
will be your pencil :)
<canvas></canvas>
Or
<canvas width=”300”
height=”300”></canvas>

The Canvas 2D API
See note [5]

The Canvas 2D API @ Work
[6] Developed by @hyperandroid

A Custom JavaScript Library

[7]

Semantic Rules
HTML5 new semantic tags.
<nav>
<footer>
<article>
<header>
<section>
<aside>
They bring a clear meaning to our pages.

Semantic Rules: <nav>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="archive.html">Old Posts</a></li>
<li><a href="last_post.html">Last Post</a></li>
<li><a href=”faq.html”>FAQ</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

Semantic Rules: <footer>
<footer>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="archive.html">Old Posts</a></li>
<li><a href="last_post.html">Last Post</a></li>
<li><a href=”faq.html”>FAQ</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</footer>

Semantic Rules: <article>
<article>
<header>
<h1>Open Data, free your dataset</h1>
<p>Written by Gabriele Gigliotti</p>
<p>Published on <time pubdate datetime="2010-10-
22T15:30+01:00">22-10-2010</time>.</p>
</header>
<p>article text</p>
</article>

Semantic Rules: <time>
<time pubdate
datetime="2011-04-20T15:00+01:00">
April 4th 2011
</time>

HTML5 Feature Detection
Modernizr: the easiest way to check for any HTML5 related
feature (and much more).
<script src="modernizr-1.7.min.js"></script>
[8]

Feature Detection With Modernizr
if (Modernizr.canvas) {
// create a canvas obj & get a 2d context
}
<script type="text/javascript" src="modernizr-1.7.js"></script>
// Testing for video and codec support:
if (Modernizr.video && Modernizr.video.webm) {
// preload webm video assets
}
else if (Modernizr.video && Modernizr.video.h264){
// preload h264 assets
}

Browser Detection (Pay Attention!)
Firefox 4.01 User-Agent String on Linux
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1
And then spoofing came along!
[9]

CSS3 Pseudo Classes
p:empty { margin: 20px; }
<p>here goes some text</p>
<p></p>
<p>other text goes here</p>

CSS3 Pseudo Classes
span:only-child { color: #f00; }
<p>I can resist <span>everything</span> except
<span>temptation.</span></p>
<p>I can resist everything <span>except</span>
temptation.</p>
Oscar Wilde

CSS3 Attribute Selectors
a[href^="mailto:"]
{text-decoration: none;}
<p>
Visit my website:
<a href="http://example.org">Acme</a> and
for any question feel free to drop me a line at
<a href="mailto:me@example.org">
me@example.org</a>
</p>

CSS3 Borders
div { border-radius: 20px; }

CSS3 Borders
div {
border-radius: 170px/60px;
}
[10]

CSS3 Cols
div { column-width: 200px; }

CSS3 Cols
div { column-count: 3; }

CSS3 Cols
div { column-gap: 10px; }
div { column-rule: 3px dotted
#000; }

CSS3 Transformations
img {
transform:
rotate(15deg);
}
[11]

CSS3 Transitions
div {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
transition-property: left;
transition-duration: 4s;
}
div:hover { left: 300px; }

CSS3 Transitions
div {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
transition-property: left;
transition-duration: 4s;
transition-timing-function: linear;
}
div:hover { left: 300px; }

Title: HTML5 e CSS3
Author: Gabriele Gigliotti
Editor: Apogeo
Website: http://www.gigliotti.it/
@: gabriele.gigliotti@gmail.com
Twitter: @ridillo

Links & References
[1]: http://www.w3.org/html/logo/
[2]: http://goo.gl/N8K5x
[3]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/klleofbhhghgacodijohlacbfhfcefom
[4]: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonnyp/5623796739/in/set-72157626384135737
[5]: Images taken from Chapter 6 “Canvas” “HTML5 e CSS3” Gigliotti G. - Apogeo Ed.
[6]: http://js1k.com/2010-first/demo/70
[7]: http://code.google.com/p/explorercanvas/
[8]: http://www.modernizr.com/
[9]: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/user-agent-switcher/
[10]: Fig 13.6 page 227 “HTML5 e CSS3” Gigliotti G. - Apogeo Ed.
[11]: Fig 14.2 page 243 “HTML5 e CSS3” Gigliotti G. - Apogeo Ed.

HTML5 e CSS3 (slides della sessione tenuta al DIMI di Udine)

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