In the current technological world, the technologies are evolving day by day. These developments
make human life easier and more enthusiastic. The new high-speed technologies & growing computer capacity
provides advancement in the field of control theory. In the modern world, there are continuous development of
the skyscraper buildings & dwellings which increases the risk of losing life by natural calamities and manmade
disasters. During earthquakes, landslides, and building collapse, a lot of times, humans are trapped under debris
and it becomes impossible to detect their presence by the rescue team. Sometimes, it is impossible to reach certain
locations in calamity affected zone. Many models have been proposed for detection of human’s presence under
the debris in affected zone. This paper analyses various models developed to find the alive human being during
natural calamities.
IRJET- Wireless Multifunctional Robot for Military Applications
This document describes a wireless multifunctional robot designed for military applications. The robot uses Wi-Fi connectivity to allow for remote monitoring and control via an Android application. Sensors including an IR sensor, metal detector, gas sensor and temperature sensor allow the robot to detect obstacles, metals, gases and fire. An RFID reader is used to identify soldiers. The robot is designed to perform hazardous duties like bomb detection and monitoring environmental conditions while protecting human soldiers. It aims to address limitations of other wireless technologies like limited control range.
this is ppt based on the multi-application military robot which has mainly three applications1)metal detection
2)temperature detection
3)humidity detection
4)smoke detection
This document summarizes a device called "Nirbhaya" that aims to improve women's safety in India. The device consists of a microcontroller, tap sensor, GPS module, siren, and shock circuit. It is designed to be worn by a woman. If she taps the sensor twice during an emergency, the device will send her location via GSM to emergency contacts and also sound an alarm and shock an attacker, giving her a chance to escape. The document reviews related prior work on women's safety devices and describes the proposed system in more detail with a block diagram. It is meant to automatically detect emergencies even if the woman cannot activate it herself.
This document describes a proposed system for detecting living humans in disaster areas using sensors, a microcontroller, GSM technology, and PLC systems. The system would use various sensors like PIR, temperature, vibration, IR, and ultrasonic detectors attached to an ATMEGA16 microcontroller to detect the presence of living humans. If humans are detected, the microcontroller would send an alert message via GSM to emergency responders. The system is intended to help rescuers locate survivors more quickly and efficiently in disaster sites. It aims to be low-cost, semi-autonomous, and easy to use through software interfacing.
Robotics has been a staple of advanced manufacturing for over half a century. As robots and their peripheral equipment become more sophisticated, reliable and miniaturized, these systems are increasingly being utilized for military and law enforcement purposes. Mobile robotics plays an increasingly important role in military matters, from patrol to dealing with potential explosives. With suitable sensors and cameras to perform different missions, mobile robots are operated remotely for reconnaissance patrol and relay back video images to an operator. With the development of modern technology such as zigbee technology aims to exchange data wirelessly at a short distance using radio wave transmission comprising features to create ease, perception and controllability. This paper presents a modern approach for surveillance at remote and border areas using multifunctional robot based on zigbee technology used in defense and military applications. The robotic vehicle works both as a manually controlled vehicle using zigbee as communication medium. This robotic vehicle has ability to substitute the solider at border areas to provide surveillance. The robotic vehicle works by manually controlling robotic vehicle by using zigbee as communication medium. And this multisensory robot is mainly used to detect bomb, defense soldier and it can act as a spy robot.
OUTDOOR MOBILE ROBOTIC ASSISTANT MICRO-CONTROLLER MODULE (ARDUINO), FIRMWARE ...ijaia
This paper presents an outdoor mobile robot that can be controlled remotely using an android phone. With
the help of the sensors, the robot was programmed to navigate within the bounded field, detectthe motion in
the surroundings and can also send an alarm. The robot was designed to be able to navigate to the
flowerpots placed in the zone and dispense water to those pots.The robot has proved capable of watering a
total of 600 ml to two different plants in a predefined area. The robot, if operating in a manual mode, can
be used to remotely water plants in a radius of 9 meters. On top of this, it emits no carbon and produces no
RoHS by-products and can thus be deemed 100% eco-friendly.
IRJET- Wireless Multifunctional Robot for Military ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document describes a wireless multifunctional robot designed for military applications. The robot uses Wi-Fi connectivity to allow for remote monitoring and control via an Android application. Sensors including an IR sensor, metal detector, gas sensor and temperature sensor allow the robot to detect obstacles, metals, gases and fire. An RFID reader is used to identify soldiers. The robot is designed to perform hazardous duties like bomb detection and monitoring environmental conditions while protecting human soldiers. It aims to address limitations of other wireless technologies like limited control range.
this is ppt based on the multi-application military robot which has mainly three applications1)metal detection
2)temperature detection
3)humidity detection
4)smoke detection
This document summarizes a device called "Nirbhaya" that aims to improve women's safety in India. The device consists of a microcontroller, tap sensor, GPS module, siren, and shock circuit. It is designed to be worn by a woman. If she taps the sensor twice during an emergency, the device will send her location via GSM to emergency contacts and also sound an alarm and shock an attacker, giving her a chance to escape. The document reviews related prior work on women's safety devices and describes the proposed system in more detail with a block diagram. It is meant to automatically detect emergencies even if the woman cannot activate it herself.
IRJET- PC Controlled Wireless Robot for Detecting Human PresenceIRJET Journal
This document describes a PC-controlled wireless robot designed to detect human presence. The robot uses Arduino, sensors including PIR, ultrasonic, and temperature, and wireless communication via XBee modules. It is intended to help with search and rescue operations in disaster areas by autonomously detecting survivors and reporting their locations. The robot was constructed, sensors were integrated and tested, and wireless control from a PC was implemented to allow remote monitoring and direction of the robot. The robot provides a solution for timely detection of survivors in dangerous areas that would be risky for humans to enter.
The document discusses the design and development of a firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously using sensors to detect fires and a water pump or blower to put out the flames. It describes the components needed for the robot like microcontrollers, motors, sensors, and discusses how fuzzy logic can be used to control the robot. The overall purpose of the robot is to fight fires remotely to protect firefighters and limit property damage from fires.
IRJET- Gesture Controlled Robot with Obstacle Avoidance using Arduino and And...IRJET Journal
The document describes a gesture controlled robot with obstacle avoidance capabilities built using an Arduino, accelerometer, ultrasonic sensor, Bluetooth module, DC motors, and power supply. The robot can be controlled wirelessly by gestures detected by an Android mobile application. It also avoids obstacles autonomously using the ultrasonic sensor and overrides user commands if an obstacle is detected. The goal is to help people with disabilities or improve material handling. Future work could explore using WiFi, edge sensors, cameras, or applying it to wheelchairs.
The document describes the design of an autonomous navigation robot that can avoid obstacles. An ATmega328P microcontroller is used to process signals from ultrasonic sensors and direct the robot's movement. When an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller determines the distance and redirects the robot by turning or reversing direction to avoid collisions. The robot's movement is controlled by the microcontroller sending signals to motors through a motor driver. The goal is for the robot to intelligently navigate unknown environments without needing remote control by detecting obstacles with sensors and maneuvering autonomously.
Bluetooth controller Human detection car.Md Mintu Pk
This document describes a student project to create an Android-controlled car that can detect humans. The project uses a PIR sensor to detect humans, an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles, and a Bluetooth module to control the car remotely from an Android phone. The car is built using an Arduino Mega microcontroller and includes DC motors, a motor driver, and other hardware. The goal is to design a system that can detect humans for security purposes and transmit a live video stream of its surroundings.
This document is a project report for an IR obstacle detector integrated with a vacuum cleaner robot. It includes sections on the construction of the hardware and software units, describing the basic parts of the project including sensors, microcontroller, driver, motors and blower. It discusses problems faced in the making of the project, testing procedures, applications and future improvements. The report is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering.
IRJET- Robotic Hand Controlling using Flex Sensors and Arduino UNOIRJET Journal
This document describes a robotic hand that is controlled using flex sensors and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Flex sensors are placed on each finger of a glove to sense finger movement. The flex sensor data is sent to the Arduino Uno which processes the data and sends signals to servo motors controlling each finger of the robotic hand. The robotic hand is able to replicate movements of the human hand wearing the flex sensor glove up to 50 meters away using a wireless module. The design provides a low-cost way to control a robotic hand using flex sensors and microcontroller processing to map human finger motions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document describes an IOT based surveillance robot that can be remotely monitored and controlled. The robot uses a Raspberry Pi board connected to various sensors like a camera, gas sensor, PIR sensor, metal detector, and temperature/humidity sensor. The Raspberry Pi transmits real-time sensor data to a cloud platform over WiFi. A user can then access this data through a web application to monitor the robot's surroundings and control its movement remotely. The system is intended to help detect threats like terrorist attacks or landmines from a distance.
IRJET - Detection of Landmine using Robotic VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed robotic vehicle for detecting landmines using a metal detector sensor. The robotic vehicle is controlled using a blynk app and equipped with a metal detector, GPS module, and IP camera. When a landmine is detected, the robotic vehicle stops and the GPS module collects latitude and longitude coordinates of the landmine's position, which are sent to the blynk app. The IP camera provides live video streaming to allow the operator to remotely view the robotic vehicle's actions and movements. The proposed system aims to safely detect landmines without risking human casualties.
1. The document describes a pick and place robotic arm system mounted on a robotic vehicle that can be controlled wirelessly through an Android mobile phone using Bluetooth. The arm has a soft catching gripper and can pick and place objects.
2. The robotic system is intended to provide a safe way for bomb disposal squads to analyze and dispose of bombs remotely using the robotic arm rather than approaching bombs directly. It allows the squads to work from a safe distance.
3. Literature on similar bomb disposal robots is reviewed, describing wireless systems that allow remote control of a robotic arm and cameras using applications on mobile devices like Android phones to dispose of bombs safely.
This document describes a smartphone-controlled spy robot with video transmission and object collection capabilities. The robot uses an Arduino microcontroller interfaced with an HC-05 Bluetooth module to receive control commands from an Android smartphone app over Bluetooth. It has a camera for live video streaming and a servo-controlled "hand" for collecting and holding objects. The robot is designed to be remotely controlled and perform surveillance tasks while remaining hidden from detection within the Bluetooth network range.
IRJET- Amphibian Spy Robot for Continuous MonitoringIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of an amphibious spy robot. The robot is equipped with a camera, remote controller, batteries, four wheels for land movement, and two propellers for water movement. An ARM processor controls the robot and processes video captured by the camera. The camera transmits video wirelessly to a receiver for viewing. The robot can be used for surveillance, inspection, and in hazardous environments like disaster areas. Potential applications include military, security, and search and rescue operations. Future work may include integrating stepper motors and enabling remote control of the camera angle via a computer or mobile device.
The document describes the development of a human detection robot that uses PIR sensors to detect human presence within 12 feet, obstacle sensors to navigate autonomously without crashing, and an RF transmitter to send notification signals to a receiver side with a buzzer to alert users. The robot was tested and successfully detected humans within its range and avoided obstacles without crashing by changing directions. The document concludes the robot provides effective security by covering a large area and notifying users, and could be improved with a camera and sonar for additional detection capabilities.
EMERGENCY RESCUE ROBOT FOR HUMAN DETECTION DURING DISASTERSHariniChaganti1
In this project, I focus on a system named “human detection robot” which will work in disaster environments of manmade structures like collapsed buildings, war fields, etc.
It can be assisted by firemen, police, and disaster agencies with appropriate reconnaissance, site evaluation, human detection. In the existing technology, a Bluetooth module interfaced with Arduino is used.
The main aim of this project is to propose the multipurpose Robot which can be controlled
through PC or android using Bluetooth communication and navigates around the disaster areas and tries to find the humans who need help.
In the proposed technology a human body detection Embedded system using a reliable specific set of sensors like PIR, and DHT11 sensor to know the presence of human and robot and user application to acquire humidity-related information and to alert the rescue team. This proposed system is less cost-effective than the existing technology.
The document describes a proposed system for an autonomous robotic vehicle that can help detect live humans during earthquake rescue operations. It uses a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to detect the thermal radiation emitted by live human bodies. The robot is controlled by a microcontroller and uses motors, wireless communication, and other hardware components to maneuver autonomously in earthquake areas. It aims to help identify survivors faster than conventional manual search methods, in order to save more lives through timely detection and rescue. The system is intended to make rescue operations safer and more effective during earthquake disasters.
This document describes a proposed system for an autonomous robotic vehicle that can detect live humans and assist with earthquake rescue operations. The robot would use a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to detect thermal radiation from live human bodies. It would then immediately alert rescue authorities so help could quickly reach survivors. The robot would be able to maneuver in earthquake areas using motors and precise control. Its goal is to help detect survivors faster than manual search methods, potentially saving lives. It would communicate wirelessly with a control station using Zigbee transmitters. The document outlines the system components, software, advantages like improved safety and accuracy, and potential future enhancements.
IRJET- Rescue Robot using ESP MicrocontrollerIRJET Journal
This document describes a rescue robot designed to transmit essential information during disasters. It is equipped with sensors like a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, motion sensor, metal detector, and ultrasonic sensor. The robot can be controlled wirelessly via an Android application. It uses an ESP microcontroller to process sensor data and transmit it via an IoT network. The robot allows monitoring of conditions in hazardous areas and helps with rescue operations by identifying survivors and environmental conditions. The document discusses the system components, communication network, working, and potential applications to improve disaster management.
VARIOUS SENSOR USED IN ROBOTICS WITH APPLICATIONS | J4RV3I12003Journal For Research
This paper gives brief introduction about various sensors used in robotics and their applications. A sensor is a device that detects the changes in electrical or physical or other quantities and thereby produces an output and whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronic devices. Robotic sensors are used to estimate robots condition and environment. Sensors in robots are based on the functions of human sensory organs. Sensors used in robots provide intelligence to the robot and improve their performance.
Live Human Detecting Robot for Earthquake Rescue Operationijcnes
Natural calamities do occur and they are unstoppable. But humans are becoming increasingly aware in the concept of intelligent rescue operations in such calamities so that precious life and material can be saved though calamities cannot be stopped. Still there are lots of disasters that occur all of a sudden and Earthquake is one such thing. Earthquakes produce a devastating effect and they see no difference between human and material. Hence a lot of times humans are buried among the debris and it become impossible to detect them. A timely rescue can only save the people who are buried and wounded.Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming and due to the vast area that gets affected it becomes more difficult. So the project proposes an autonomous robotic vehicle that moves in the earthquake prone area and helps in identifying the alive people and rescue operations.
Comparative Study on Advanced Farm Security System Using Internet of Things a...vivatechijri
Internet of Things consists of two words Internet and objects. The term objects in IoT refers to various IoT devices that have unique identities and are capable of making remote sensing, performing and live monitoring of certain types of data. IoT devices enable other devices connected to the app directly or indirectly, and send data to various servers and combining IoT with Image processing in the agriculture sector can lead to a more technology driven system in terms of agriculture security which can create a Smart Agricultural Security System.
The major problem in today’s agriculture sector is protecting crops from local animals and thieves because it is not possible for every farmer to barricade the entire field or stay on the field 24 hours and guard it. So, to overcome this problem there must be an automated crop protecting system which uses leading technologies like IoT and Image Processing. The advantage of using this system can help farmer to monitor the farm even if farmer is away from field by installing various sensors in farm to detect motion of local animal and sent data to farmer app directly and also farmer can see live streaming of the farm with help of camera installed in farm. This ensures complete safety of crops from animals and thieves thus increasing financial gain with a proper security surveillance system.
Wireless AI based industrial security robotVarun B P
This document provides an overview of an intelligent robot project that detects dangerous gas/smoke. It includes 9 chapters that describe: the existing system and proposed project (Chapter 1); a literature review (Chapter 2); the overall project description and block diagram (Chapter 3); the software and hardware components including a microcontroller, sensors, camera and other devices (Chapter 4); how the system will be implemented (Chapter 5); the advantages and disadvantages (Chapter 6); potential applications (Chapter 7); and conclusions (Chapter 8). An abstract is also provided.
This document proposes a new wireless multifunctional smart robot system for border security surveillance with real-time object recognition. The robot uses multiple sensors including PIR, ultrasonic, flame, temperature, gas sensors and a camera for surveillance at borders. It can detect intrusions, obstacles, fires, toxic gases and track its location using GPS. When any dangerous situations are sensed, it sends alerts to authorities. This automated system can continuously monitor large border areas and save human lives compared to human surveillance. The proposed smart robot is intended to improve security at borders by remotely detecting threats in real-time.
This document describes the development of an all-terrain offensive and defensive robot. The robot uses an Arduino microcontroller, DC motor drivers, a servo motor driver, a laser module, a wireless camera, and a Bluetooth module. It is designed to move in various terrains like forests and hilly areas. The robotic arm can pick up and drop bombs which are monitored by the wireless camera. The whole system is controlled via an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot was successfully implemented and able to move in different directions and use the laser module and robotic arm as intended. It has potential applications in military operations and hazardous environments.
Snake Detection in Agricultural Fields using IoTIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses a system to detect snakes in agricultural fields using IoT technology and deep learning techniques. Sensors placed around field borders can detect snake movements and capture images, which are then analyzed using convolutional neural networks to identify if the snake is venomous.
2. If a venomous snake is detected, farmers would be alerted using a buzzer to take precautions. The system aims to reduce snake bite deaths among farmers and conserve snake populations in the area.
3. The document reviews several related works involving using sensors and deep learning to detect animals harming agriculture, monitor home intrusions, and identify snake species for medical treatment.
Smart surveillance system using passive infrared sensorsourabhgnit
This document describes a smart surveillance system using passive infrared sensors that was developed by a group of students. The system uses a PIR sensor to detect motion and trigger a camera to take photos, which are then stored on an SD card. When motion is detected, the camera, an LED for lighting, and a buzzer are activated. The system is controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The document outlines the components, connection architecture, theory of operation, and applications of the system, concluding that it provides a low-cost security solution.
IoT based Multipurpose Surveillance RobotIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based multipurpose surveillance robot designed by students at NIE Institute of Technology in Mysuru, India. The robot uses sensors like IR, gas, and metal detectors along with a camera to perform surveillance and rescue operations in hazardous environments. It can be controlled remotely via an Android application using IoT technology, allowing real-time video streaming to the user. The robot is intended to reduce risks to human life during military and disaster relief operations by sending footage from hard to access areas.
IRJET- A Review Paper on IoT based Cognitive Robot for Military SurveillanceIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on developing an IoT-based cognitive robot for military surveillance. It discusses designing a miniature robot that can autonomously move through an area, sensing environmental conditions, detecting humans and metals. The robot would transmit real-time sensor data to soldiers and command centers using IoT protocols. This would allow continuous remote monitoring of conditions and threats, improving situational awareness. Previous studies explored wearable health monitors for soldiers, surveillance robots with video feedback, and low-power wireless sensor networks for target detection. The proposed cognitive robot aims to integrate multiple sensors to generate predictive data, create an episodic memory, and enhance surveillance system efficiency.
IJMRR is an international forum for research that advances the theory and practice of management. All papers submitted to IJMRR are subject to a double-blind peer review process. Authors are invited to submit theoretical or empirical papers in all aspects of management, including strategy, human resources, marketing, operations, technology, information systems, finance and accounting, business economics, and public sector management.
HUMAN DETECTION SYSTEM USING DRONE FOR DISASTER RESCUE OPERATIONGodwinRaj3
we are proposing a human detection quad-copter which can detect alive humans in debris so that timely help can be made available to the victims. The proposed alive human being detection system contains Passive infrared sensor (PIR) which gives the information about the presence of alive human body
1. A group of students developed a social distance monitoring robot to help enforce social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic, as crowds in queues are hotspots for virus transmission.
2. The robot uses infrared sensors to detect the distance between individuals in a queue, and will sound an alarm and display a warning message if two people are less than one meter apart.
3. The robot moves autonomously along the queue using line-following sensors, and is intended to constantly monitor queues and remind people to practice social distancing, in order to reduce virus spread where human monitoring is not always possible.
The Night Patrol Car Robot is an advanced robotic system engineered for night...yeshwanth27naidu
night patrol car robot
The Night Patrol Car Robot is an advanced robotic system engineered for night time surveillance and security tasks. This robot is equipped with cutting-edge night-vision cameras, infrared sensors, and efficient communication modules, enabling it to operate effectively in low-light environments.
The future of policing may well be shaped by these technological advancements. Sensor Improvement Enhance the capabilities of sensors for better night vision, thermal imaging, and environmental awareness. Improve algorithms for real-time decision-making, threat assessment, and predictive policing
IRJET - Automatic Gun Control using Motion Detection SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document describes an automatic gun control system using motion detection that aims to securely protect borders with programmed and computerized methods, reducing human impacts.
2. The system can operate in two modes - automatically tracking targets using image processing algorithms or allowing manual control by the user to select and shoot targets if needed.
3. The process involves using a video camera to capture footage, selecting targets for tracking using image processing techniques like morphological operations, and having a microcontroller decide whether to shoot unauthorized people or activities detected within range by moving the mounted gun and camera.
Similar to Detecting Alive Human Using Robot for Rescue Operation (20)
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This document discusses the importance of leadership in leading an organization towards improvement and development. It states that leadership is responsible for providing a clear vision and strategy to successfully achieve that vision. Effective leadership can impact the success of an organization by controlling its direction and motivating employees. Leadership is different from traditional management in that it guides employees towards organizational goals through open communication and motivation, rather than simply directing work. The paper concludes that only leadership can lead an organization to change according to its evolving environment, while management may simply follow old rules. Leadership is key to adapting to new market needs and trends.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
The document summarizes research on a nano composite polymer gel electrolyte containing SiO2 nanoparticles. Key points:
1. Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene polymer was used as the base polymer mixed with propylene carbonate, magnesium perchlorate, and SiO2 nanoparticles to synthesize the nano composite polymer gel electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte was characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR which confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles and increased amorphous nature of the electrolyte, enhancing its ion conductivity.
3. XRD showed decreased crystallinity and disappearance of polymer peaks upon addition of SiO2. SEM revealed
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer, printer, switch, router, tablets, smartphones or any other device that is part of a TCP/IP-based network.
Types of IP address-
Dynamic means "constantly changing “ .dynamic IP addresses aren't more powerful, but they can change.
Static means staying the same. Static. Stand. Stable. Yes, static IP addresses don't change.
Most IP addresses assigned today by Internet Service Providers are dynamic IP addresses. It's more cost effective for the ISP and you.
A brief introduction to quadcopter (drone) working. It provides an overview of flight stability, dynamics, general control system block diagram, and the electronic hardware.
A vernier caliper is a precision instrument used to measure dimensions with high accuracy. It can measure internal and external dimensions, as well as depths.
Here is a detailed description of its parts and how to use it.
Natural Is The Best: Model-Agnostic Code Simplification for Pre-trained Large...YanKing2
Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLM) have achieved remarkable successes in several domains. However, code-oriented LLMs are often heavy in computational complexity, and quadratically with the length of the input code sequence. Toward simplifying the input program of an LLM, the state-of-the-art approach has the strategies to filter the input code tokens based on the attention scores given by the LLM. The decision to simplify the input program should not rely on the attention patterns of an LLM, as these patterns are influenced by both the model architecture and the pre-training dataset. Since the model and dataset are part of the solution domain, not the problem domain where the input program belongs, the outcome may differ when the model is trained on a different dataset. We propose SlimCode, a model-agnostic code simplification solution for LLMs that depends on the nature of input code tokens. As an empirical study on the LLMs including CodeBERT, CodeT5, and GPT-4 for two main tasks: code search and summarization. We reported that 1) the reduction ratio of code has a linear-like relation with the saving ratio on training time, 2) the impact of categorized tokens on code simplification can vary significantly, 3) the impact of categorized tokens on code simplification is task-specific but model-agnostic, and 4) the above findings hold for the paradigm–prompt engineering and interactive in-context learning and this study can save reduce the cost of invoking GPT-4 by 24%per API query. Importantly, SlimCode simplifies the input code with its greedy strategy and can obtain at most 133 times faster than the state-of-the-art technique with a significant improvement. This paper calls for a new direction on code-based, model-agnostic code simplification solutions to further empower LLMs.
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aimed to profile the coffee shops in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, to develop a standardized checklist for aspiring entrepreneurs. The researchers surveyed 10 coffee shop owners in the municipality of Talavera. Through surveys, the researchers delved into the Owner's Demographic, Business details, Financial Requirements, and other requirements needed to consider starting up a coffee shop. Furthermore, through accurate analysis, the data obtained from the coffee shop owners are arranged to derive key insights. By analyzing this data, the study identifies best practices associated with start-up coffee shops’ profitability in Talavera. These findings were translated into a standardized checklist outlining essential procedures including the lists of equipment needed, financial requirements, and the Traditional and Social Media Marketing techniques. This standardized checklist served as a valuable tool for aspiring and existing coffee shop owners in Talavera, streamlining operations, ensuring consistency, and contributing to business success.
Detecting Alive Human Using Robot for Rescue Operation
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 3 (2020)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. 3
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Detecting Alive Human Using Robot for Rescue Operation
Deepakkumar Gupta1
, Prakash Gupta2
, Rakesh Yadav3
, Prof. Umesh Mohite4
1
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
2
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
3
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
4
(Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract: In the current technological world, the technologies are evolving day by day. These developments
make human life easier and more enthusiastic. The new high-speed technologies & growing computer capacity
provides advancement in the field of control theory. In the modern world, there are continuous development of
the skyscraper buildings & dwellings which increases the risk of losing life by natural calamities and manmade
disasters. During earthquakes, landslides, and building collapse, a lot of times, humans are trapped under debris
and it becomes impossible to detect their presence by the rescue team. Sometimes, it is impossible to reach certain
locations in calamity affected zone. Many models have been proposed for detection of human’s presence under
the debris in affected zone. This paper analyses various models developed to find the alive human being during
natural calamities.
Keywords – Alive Human Detection, Microcontroller, Natural Calamities, PIR Sensor, Web Camera.
1. INTRODUCTION
In current era, natural calamities like Earthquakes, building collapse or manmade disasters often occur
and they cannot be stopped. They produce a devastating effect and find no difference among human and material.
Hence, many times humans are buried under the detritus and it becomes impossible to detect their presence.
Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming and due to the vast area, that gets affected it becomes more
difficult. Almost all the proposed models were developed using a microcontroller and some set of sensors which
commonly includes PIR sensor, Ultrasonic sensor and IR sensor. PIR technology analyses its environment and
looks for a change in present heat signatures. The Ultrasonic sensor and IR sensor are used for proper navigation
of the robot in the affected zone.
2. LITERATURE STUDY
Zia Uddin, et. al. [1] has developed a robot which is able to find a live human being with the help of PIR
sensor from deep point of the disaster area. It uses a Joystick & RF technology to control robot and work with the
control point. Ultrasonic sensor is placed for detecting obstacle for navigation of robot and has a gas sensor to
detect gas leak in the affected area. IP Camera is integrated to analyse the conditions which will assist human
detection with the highest chance of success in such a situation. The first level includes a PIR sensor that detect
human presence by radiated infrared wave & second level is IP camera that confirms the presence of humans in
the affected area. Because of the two levels human detection system the system is reliable for rescue missions.
The microcontroller is programmed using the C language and ARDUINO IDE. The system provides good results
and it is cost effective. Since it has joystick mechanism, hence it is handy to use.
Murulidhara T C, et. al. [2] proposed the design and implementation of an Unmanned Vehicle using
ARM7 microcontroller along with web camera, pulse sensor and temperature sensor to detect the affected human
beings in disaster environment. IR sensor is included in the model to avoid obstacles in its navigation path. The
vehicle navigates through the debris automatically to check the presence of human life. As soon as it detects the
presence of human, it checks the accident person’s pulse rate, body temperature and sends these data along with
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GPS location information to the base station through ZigBee Transceiver. ZigBee is used to send & receive data
between robot and control unit. The base station receives the longitudinal and latitudinal location of affected
humans through ZigBee Transceiver and display this information on monitor to speed-up the rescue operation.
The hardware design consists of low cost, easily available & reliable components.
Rahu Krishna K, et. al. [3] has developed an autonomous robotic vehicle that moves in the earthquake
prone area and helps in identifying alive people. It has sensors that detects the presence of the human being and
indicates the presence to user. As stay the human body emits thermal radiation, which is received & manipulated
with the aid of PIR sensor to detect human presence. Once the human located, it immediately gives and audio &
visual alerts to the authorities. The PIR sensor is assembled on a robot which can operate in the areas which are
prone to earthquakes. The robot has a 3-wheel geared driver & DC motors attached for forward, reverse, left &
right actions. The controlling device of the system is a Microcontroller to which RF receiver, PIR sensor & DC
motors are connected. The remote control has control buttons interfaced to RF transmitter. Whenever a button
pressed, the data related to that button transmitted through RF transmitter to microcontroller. The microcontroller
processes this data and acts accordingly and sends required control signals to the robot's motor drivers. PIR sensor
is interfaced to the microcontroller which continuously monitors human presence and indicates to the controller.
The controller alerts through buzzer if human presence is detected.
Sabyasachi Bhowmick, et. al. [4] designed a simple Robot that detect the human with a new way. System
has an input that are a PIR sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, IR sensor. Ultrasonic sensors & IR sensor used for navigation
of the Robot. PIR Sensor is used for searching human presence. RF transmitter is used to send the information of
human presence & is received the information through the receiver circuit. Next receiver immediately generates
output which turns the buzzer/alarm and it displays ON. A program is written and executed for the purpose of
using AVR Microcontroller. Two DC motors are connected with wheels, & one castor wheel is connected to help
the robot in navigation. 9V battery was connected as power source. While testing the robot, many obstacles were
placed in the path and the ROBOT detected those obstacles successfully and the Ultrasonic Sensor was able to
detect its path every time. At the second part when a human was in the range of 4 ft. of the PIR Sensor, PIR sensor
make a robot stopped and started analysing the output and turning the RF transmitter ON. On the other hand, the
RF receiver received the transmitted signal showing an output to the LCD as ‘Human Detected’.
Saravana Kumar K, et. al. [5] proposed a robot which is used to detect human to overcome robbery and
to enhance security measures. The robot has receiver side and the transmitter side. The transmitter is of
ATMEGA328 microcontroller PIR sensor takes a input of microcontroller, and an Obstacle sensor. The outputs
are displayed on RF transmitter & L293D motor drive module that is connected to DC motor. The DC motor is
there to move the robot in left, right and forward and backward directions. PIR sensor is used to detect presence
of human. The PIR sensor has limited range up to 12ft and has an angle of rotation 180 degree. At receiver end
has of ATMEGA328 microcontroller. Its input & output are buzzer and a RF receiver. After reviving the signal
by the RF receiver, it notifies the Arduino. Arduino sends a signal to the buzzer, which makes the buzzer to sound
continuous beeps. This beeping shows that there is a human to the rescue team. This system is capable of detecting
the presence of human in the range of 10-12ft successfully.
M.Brem Kumar, et. al. [6] proposed a system that uses camera module and ultrasonic sensors that
analyses the conditions to find the presence of human. The proposed model is used to detect human and uses a
low- cost camera that helps to video the scene as needed. Additionally, other sensors include temperature, fire and
metal detector works as bomb sensor to detect the presence of bomb in war field & in rescue operations. As soon
as it detects a sign of a living human, the ultrasonic sensor triggers the camera to stream live scene. The video is
then displayed on the screen. This approach needs a relatively small number of data to be acquired & processed
during the whole operation. Like this, the real-time cost of processing and data transmission is considerably
reduced. This system has the potential to achieve high performance in detecting alive humans in affected
environments quickly and cost effectively. The detection depending on multiple factors such as the body position
and the light intensity of the scene. Results show that the system provides an efficient way to track human motion
in devastated environment.
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Mr. S.P Vijayaragavan, et. al. [7] has developed an autonomous robot that moves within the affected
earthquake prone areas which helps in identifying the humans. The system is developed using Embedded
Microcontroller PIC16F877A, ZigBee Transmitter and Receivers, PIR sensor and also other supporting
components. The benefits of using PIC16F877A is that it provides maximum clock frequency up to 20MHz and
faster than other controllers. ZigBee transceiver is used to transmit and receive data between robot and therefore
the control unit. Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor is used to detect alive human. As live physical body emits thermal
heat Radiation which is captured by PIR sensor to identify alive humans. They also developed an on-screen
application to manage the robot using Visual basic. The system is safe for the user due to use of robotics and no
manual work. The user just has got to control the robot and do necessary action as soon as user receives the
positive signal from the system.
Mohit Bais, et. al. [8] discussed a new approach for detection of alive human beings in natural calamities
and man-made disasters using a specific set of sensors, ATMEGA16 Microcontroller, GSM technology and PLC
systems. The proposed alive human being detection system is developed using a specific set of sensors which
includes PIR, temperature, vibration, IR, Ultrasonic detector, Bluetooth module HC05 transmitter & receivers.
They all together give the information about the presence of a living human body in calamity affected zone. PIR
and IR sensors are used to detect the presence of humans. Obstacle sensors detect the obstacle & the analog signals
are received by AVR microcontroller. AVR is programmed to send the human presence information to remote
control place using the GSM modem. Signals from PIR sensors are transmitted to the microcontroller which will
digitize the signal and transmit it to the RF Transceiver Bluetooth module. RF transceiver is used to transmit and
receive data between robot and the control unit.
Shwetha R, et. al. [9] aims to develop a cost-effective robot, which works using AVR microcontroller,
PIR sensor, IR sensor etc. The system is employed in areas where rescue is required. The robot senses the body
heat temperature using PIR sensor and alarm which indicates the signal when it detects alive physical body, then
message is shipped through SMS through GSM technology to enable operation. PIR sensor is directly connected
to the digital pins which is operating at 5V DC. The motion is to be detected by checking for a sudden change
within the affected area. Obstacle sensors are used to detect the obstacle and is used to send the analog signals to
AVR Microcontroller. AVR controller is programmed to navigate and manage the robot automatically counting
on obstacle detected. PIR sensor detects the human at affected area which are alive and signal is given to AVR
microcontroller. AVR is programmed to send the alive human presence information to remote place using the
GSM Modem. The system is remote controlled & designed for limited range. RF frequency range is 434 MHz
and remote controlling is meant for limited distance.
Geetha Bharathi, et. al. [10] developed a mobile controlled robotic vehicle which moves in the disaster-
prone area & it detects alive human presence in such devastating environments and helps to identify the live
people and rescue operations. In this project Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor has been used. The system consists of
a Robot section and Control section. Robot section consists of a movable unit, which has Bluetooth module, GPS
Receiver, an LCD display, PIR sensor mount on it and a microcontroller ATMEGA-328. Control unit consists of
a manual control using a remote to control the movement of the robot and a PC interfaced with the robot section
using Bluetooth to get the output of GPS receiver. i.e. to find the exact location of the human. Initially, the Robocar
navigates in an open field and PIR sensor checks for the alive human. If result is yes, then the GPS shows the
exact location of the human in the PC screen that is in the Control section, with the rescuers. This Robot has
camera, so as to record and display data when sensor triggers it. As soon as it detects human in its range, the
message “Human Detected” is shown on the LED screen.
Shuddha Chowdhury, et. al. [11] developed a Robot model, which roams around the war field, any
disaster affected area to detect the presence of alive human in that calamity zone. The robot is designed with full
360-degree movement to move into the war filed, earth quake affected area, to find out the Alive or Survived
Human beings. They used 8-bit microcontroller AT89S52, PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor and IR sensor as
highlight components and they are configured with other components. PIR Sensor is sensitive to heat or rather the
infrared light that is emitted by warm or hot objects like humans. The most often use of the PIR sensor is as an
area sensor, which detects someone moving in the front yard. The logic of PIR sensor is that it must detect
significant change of the normal level of heat in the field of its view. The model consists of an IR based human
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radiation sensor, which picks up signals from human body radiations and gives a signal output. The human body
radiates infrared waves with wavelengths of around 8-12 micrometres. Whenever a human being comes under the
vicinity of the system, the IR system gives the signal. The robot also has a wireless RF transmitter which sends
the message to the remote location whenever it finds any alive human.
Krashna V. Panpaliya, et. al. [12] proposed a robotic system for military zone to detect alive human body.
The system has a specific sensors PIR sensor, IR sensor, Heartbeat sensor etc. In addition, has a wireless camera
module. PIR sensor is a motion sensor that detects the motion of the human with the thermal temperature of the
environment. It has two modes where robotic system is working i.e. it has a manually operated mode and user
controllable mode. System operates on manual mode in which all the used sensors are capable for automatic
action, in user controllable mode user, gives the signal to the system that uses RF module, and control it manually.
The operations that the system perform is on embedded PIC microcontroller and ZigBee transmitter and receiver.
The battery backup is week, due to which they have to use a solar panel. In addition, the system is on GSM
technology by using image processor. In camera module, web camera is used and it is used on the robot. By having
a camera, the video is transmitted to the receiver and it will transmit the video coverage of the paths that is to be
taken. This system works perfectly fine and it can take actions automatically or can be controlled manually.
Asha Gupta, et. al. [13] discussed a new methodology for detection of alive human beings in natural or
man-made disasters using some specific set of sensors which includes ATMEGA16 Microcontroller, GSM
technology and PLC systems. PIR sensor is there to detect the presence of human. PIR sensor helps to detect the
human presence by detecting the thermal radiations emitted by human body. The PIR sensor has a limited range
up to 12ft & it can rotate up to 180 degrees. The motive of the system is to develop wireless robot that can be
operated via desktop using ZigBee transceiver & it is able to navigate in the disaster environment & try to find
human being who need help. Victims may be trapped under debris or in voids, making it difficult to find them and
determine their state of health. That’s why it is important to select a set of different sensors that are complementary
and are able to operate in these conditions. The system also uses WPL soft which is a software for PLC
(Programmable logic controller), PROTEUS which is a best simulation software for various designs with
microcontroller, BASCOM which is a very powerful and easy to use compiler for the AVR series of micro
controllers which are developed by Atmel. It is very much important to choose a set of different sensors which
are complementary and are able to operate in the provided conditions.
Midhat Noor Kiyani, et. al. [14] proposed a model which is able to take two maps i.e. localize map and
the global map. Using these maps, it generates a shortest path. The proposed system is given a map of the arena
to localize itself & plan the path. Map of the area is given to robot before the start of its search and rescue operation.
Two maps are used by the robot i.e. primary map and secondary map. Primary map is given in the form of a matrix
in which a node represents each block. It can also do obstacle removing from its path. By using this, they map the
position of walls and outer rims, and colour of the floor of the affected area. The paper involves the robot design
which is can localize self in the familiar environment but the not known location. A technique of comparison of
primary and secondary matrices was applied for localization, and modified version of Dijkstra technique was
implemented for shortest path determination. The robot is able to search for the objects & move them to their
respective final destination point in the known environment. As the robot needs to go through the rough terrains
and unlevelled surfaces in the real-time event, it must be light as well as small enough even to go through the
narrow places.
A. Shobika et. al. [15] proposed a human detection quad-copter which is able to detect alive human being
in debris so that timely help can be provided to the victims. The proposed system comprises of Passive Infrared
sensor (PIR) that provides the information about the presence of alive human being. Radio Frequency (RF)
Technology is used to control the quad-copter. ATMEGA8A microcontroller gives an alerting message for the
rescuer of the affected sites, so that they can give proper rescue to the victims. In disaster environment, it is great
help to rescuers in detection of alive humans in the proper time. The system is user-friendly, semi-autonomous,
economical & efficient. The system is a quad-copter that fly in a disastrous environment and helps in identifying
the alive people and rescue operations. A PIR sensor is used, it emits infrared radiations for the detection of
humans. Alive human body emits thermal radiations which is received & manipulated by PIR sensor for detection
of humans. Once human is located, it immediately gives audio alert to the rescuer, so that help can be provided to
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the live person very fast. This PIR sensor is placed on a moving each direction quad-copter which can fly in the
earthquake prone areas.
3. ANALYSIS TABLE
The Table given below is a summary of research papers on assisting visually challenged. It states the
different techniques used for assisting sightless and also highlights their advantages and disadvantages.
Table 1: Analysis Table
Sr.
No.
Paper Name Technique Used Advantages Disadvantages
01.
Search and Rescue
System for Alive Human
Detection by Semi-
autonomous Mobile
Rescue Robot.[1]
Arduino, PIR sensor,
Ultrasonic sensor, RF
technology, Camera
module.
The robot is controlled
using joystick
mechanism which is
handy to control. It is 2
level detection system
and cost effective.
PIR sensor can
detect humans only
if he is somewhat
visible. The sensor
has the rotation
range of 180 degree.
02.
Unmanned Vehicle to
Detect Alive Human
During Calamity.[2]
ARM 7 controller, IR
sensor, Viola Jones
algorithm.
The vehicle sends the
Longitudinal &
Latitudinal information
about location of
affected human with
his/her pulse rate, body
temperature.
This
implementation
requires a computer
system to get the
desired output.
03. Wireless Human
Detection Robot. [3]
PIR sensor, RF
transmitter and
receiver, three-
wheeler robot.
The system proposes a
wireless robot which
can be mobilized. The
system can monitor the
environment in real
time.
The system is cost
in-effective due to
use of expensive
components in the
controller.
04.
An Approach to Design a
Simple Human Detecting
Robot for Cost Effective
Home Security System as
well as Various Rescue
Missions. [4]
ATMEGA-32, PIR
sensor, Ultrasonic
sensor, RF transmitter
and receiver, LCD.
It can detect human in
any environment
irrespective it is day or
night.
The system is
unable to detect
humans in debris.
05.
Human Detection Robot
using PIR Sensors Device.
[5]
ATMEGA328
microcontroller, PIR
sensor, RF Transmitter
and receiver.
PIR sensor helps to
detect the human
presence by detecting
the heat.
The accuracy of the
system reduces in
open channel due to
PIR sensor.
06.
Alive Human Body
Detection system using an
Autonomous Mobile
Rescue Robot.[6]
Ultrasonic sensor,
Temperature sensor,
Fire sensor, Bomb
sensor, RF module.
The system requires
small amount of data to
be acquired for
processing purpose.
The system has
cost, size and
environment related
difficulties.
07.
Live Human Detecting
Robot for Earthquake
Rescue Operation.[7]
Microcontroller
PIC16F877A, ZigBee
Transmitter and
Receivers, PIR sensor.
The System is safe even
for the user because of
the use of robotics and
no manual work.
Battery backup and
cost are the major
issues with the
proposed system.
6. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 3 (2020)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. 3
PP 1-7
6
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
08.
Alive Human Detection
Robot.[8]
P89V51RD2BN
Microcontroller, PIR
sensor, IR sensor, PLC
logical programming.
The system is developed
using specific set of
sensors, ATMEGA
microcontroller etc. The
system uses
transceiver which is
Reliable and accurate.
Battery backup for
camera module is
weak. The cost of
using high range
sensors may be
high.
09.
Automatic and Manual
controlled Alive Human
Detection Robot during
disaster management.[9]
PIR sensor, IR sensor,
AVR microcontroller
GSM technology.
The system uses GSM
technology to get the
live location of affected
human.
The system does not
provide the exact
position of human
in the debris or
buildings.
10.
Alive Human Detection in
Disaster zones using
manually controlled
robots.[10]
Microcontroller
ATMEGA-328, PIR
sensor, GPS module,
Bluetooth module.
The proposed system
uses PIR sensor for
human detection. It is
cost effective than
existing system.
It requires a
computer system to
be installed at
disaster prone area.
11.
A Proposal of User
Friendly Alive Human
Detection Robot to Tackle
Crisis Situation.[11]
Microcontroller
AT89S52, PIR sensor
and IR sensor.
The robot has 360o
rotation mechanism.
The use of IR sensor
with PIR sensor
increases accuracy of
the system.
The system is
unable to provide
the location of
human because
there is no GPS
module in it.
12.
Detection of Alive Human
body in Military area.[12]
PIC micro-controller,
PIR sensor, RF
module, GSM
technology.
The system can perform
the actions
automatically or can be
controlled by any user.
The system is
designed for limited
distance only. The
battery backup is in-
efficient.
13.
Live Human Detection
Robot.[13]
ATMEGA16
microcontroller, PIR
Sensor, Ultrasonic
Sensor.
PIR sensor helps to
detect the human
presence by detecting
the thermal radiations
emitted by human body.
The accuracy of the
system reduces
when temperature is
high in
surroundings.
14.
A Prototype of Search and
Rescue Robot.[14]
Dijkstra’s Algorithm,
Map-matching
Algorithm,
Route Planning.
The robot was easily
able to localize itself in
the known environment
when its image matrix is
given.
The model is not
robust that is it can’t
be used in the non-
ideal actual
operations. The
major difficulty in
the rescue robot is
the robot’s design.
15.
Human Detection System
Using Drone for
Earthquake Rescue
Operation.[15]
ATMEGA8A
microcontroller,
PIR sensor,
Brushless DC motor,
RF transmitter and
receiver.
The system is user
friendly, economical,
semi-autonomous and
efficient for human
detection. Since the
system is a quad-copter,
it is easy for navigation.
As the system’s
main component is
PIR sensor, it may
fail in changing
environment
conditions.
7. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 3 (2020)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. 3
PP 1-7
7
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
4. CONCLUSION
In the modern era, we lose a lot of lives due to natural calamities or manmade disasters. The rescue team
apply a lot of efforts to reduce the devastating effect of the calamity. To help the rescue team in searching the
buried people inside the debris, various models were developed. These models are most commonly a robot and
are consists of a microcontroller and some set of sensors. The objective of all the proposed models are more or
like identical having different set of features. The model gives a considerable amount of accuracy. In the paper,
we studied & analysed various models that have been advanced to discover the human’s presence underneath
detritus. The growing technology will come up with more reliable models having more features and better
accuracy.
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