The waste management system in the country is not proper, in order to provide a proper waste
management system we need to manufacture a machine that can sort the various waste constituents from
garbage which can be further processed and recycled to reduce the overall waste. So to achieve this, we are
manufacturing a waste segregator machine which is capable of separating wastes such as metals, non-metals,
plastic, etc. The design is the basic step for manufacturing of the machine if the design is proper and safe the
manufacturing goes smooth. We are manufacturing the machine to obtain the goal of separating the waste
which can be used by small scale as well as large scale industry effectively, which would directly add into
benefit for the society. The manufacturing the machine which would be easy to operate and simple in
construction. In short it would be affordable if produced in numbers.
Traxion'15 is the official SAE collegiate team of Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, which participated in "SAE Virtual Baja 2015" held at Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad.
For my Senior Design class, we built a formula style car and competed against 40 other schools from across the country. This presentation was for the design event where we had to "sell"our design to a group of mock investors describing our design\'s benefits.
Weight reduction technologies in the automotive industryAranca
The document discusses various weight reduction technologies used in the automotive industry to reduce vehicle weight and improve fuel efficiency. It provides statistics on average vehicle weight breakdown and examines strategies like using lightweight materials. Technologies covered include Volkswagen's super light car project, shape memory alloys, quick plastic forming of aluminum, and low-cost carbon fiber production. The summary concludes that automakers are focusing on powertrain, chassis, and body weight reduction using materials like aluminum, magnesium, and composites.
Design and Structural Analysis of a Frame of a Quad Bike (ATV)IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and structural analysis of a frame for a quad bike (ATV). The frame is designed to be rigid, safe, and comfortable for the driver over a variety of terrains. The frame is modeled in CAD software and analyzed using finite element analysis to optimize the design. Various impact tests are simulated, including frontal, side, and rear impacts exceeding typical impact forces. The results of the analysis show maximum stresses, deformations, and safety factors below material limits, indicating the designed frame is structurally sound and safe for its intended use.
The document provides technical specifications and design details for an electric vehicle called ANDROSPHIN. It includes the vehicle's dimensions, weight, performance characteristics, component designs, analysis, and project planning. Key details are the vehicle's wheelbase of 1517.41mm, max speed of 60kmph, stopping distance of 7.867m, and total weight of 294kg. The chassis is made of AISI 4130 steel alloy. Components like the suspension, brakes, steering, and powertrain are also described in detail along with analysis of stresses and forces. The project timeline is outlined in a Gantt chart spanning 2017-2018.
Team Traxion'15 - Virtual Baja 2015 PresentationDhamodharan V
Traxion'15 is the official SAE collegiate team of Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, which participated in "SAE Virtual Baja 2015" held at Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad.
For my Senior Design class, we built a formula style car and competed against 40 other schools from across the country. This presentation was for the design event where we had to "sell"our design to a group of mock investors describing our design\'s benefits.
Measurements and precision measuring devicesCraig Kielb
This document discusses various measurement devices and systems used in automotive repair. It describes the United States Customary and metric measurement systems, with the inch and meter as their base units respectively. It provides details on common measurement tools like rulers, feeler gauges, micrometers, dial indicators, calipers, and gauges for measuring pressure and vacuum. Proper tool selection and technique are emphasized for obtaining accurate measurements.
This document discusses various methods for measuring force, torque, power, flow, temperature, and their reliability and calibration. It describes direct and indirect force measurement techniques including equal arm balances, load cells, strain gauges, and accelerometers. It also outlines torque measurement using prony brakes, strain gauges, and torsion bars. Methods for measuring power, flow, and temperature are presented including dynamometers, orifice meters, venturimeters, thermocouples, and pyrometers. The document concludes with definitions and descriptions of reliability, calibration, readability, and reliability.
The document discusses suspension systems, providing details on key components and types. It defines a suspension system as connecting a vehicle to its wheels to provide a smooth ride while protecting the vehicle from damage. Common components are described like springs, shock absorbers, control arms and ball joints. Two main types of suspensions are highlighted: independent, which allows individual wheels to move without affecting the other; and non-independent/rigid suspensions where both wheels are attached to the same solid axle. The McPherson strut and double wishbone suspensions are given as examples of independent suspensions.
The document outlines the process and considerations for vehicle occupant packaging and ergonomic evaluations. It begins with establishing assumptions about the vehicle type and intended users. Exterior dimensions, seating position, controls layout, and visibility are then evaluated in detail. Tests are conducted to evaluate entry/exit, comfort, reach, visibility and more. The goal is to apply ergonomic principles to optimize the design for human use and performance.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on metrology and measurements. It covers 5 units: basics of metrology, measurement of linear and angular dimensions, tolerance analysis, metrology of surfaces, and advances in metrology. The objectives of the course are to prepare students to explain the importance of measurement, apply measurement principles and instruments, interpret tolerances, apply form and surface metrology, and use measurements for quality control. Key topics include measurement fundamentals, instruments, geometric tolerancing, surface measurement, lasers, CMM, and machine vision.
Vehicle Body Engineering Car Body ConstructionRajat Seth
The document discusses the construction of car bodies, describing various sub-assemblies that make up the body shell. These include the underbody assembly, body side assembly, shroud and dash panel assembly, roof and back window panels, center pillar, rear bulkhead, front end work, front wings, door panel assembly, bonnet assembly and more. Each sub-assembly is constructed separately then welded together to form the complete car body shell structure.
This document outlines the procedures and guidelines for maintaining the fleet vehicles of a fire department. It discusses why the fleet program exists, including to prolong vehicle life, ensure safety, keep costs low, and maintain pride in the department. Detailed maintenance procedures are provided for weekly vehicle checks, raising the truck cab, aerial ladder maintenance, washing procedures, and the repair request process. Guidelines are given for fluid levels, repairs personnel are authorized to perform, and vehicle conditions requiring being taken out of or altered service.
This document summarizes a class seminar on car crash testing. It discusses how crash tests are conducted by driving vehicles into barriers at high speeds and using crash test dummies equipped with sensors. The standard types of crash tests are frontal, side impact, and offset tests. Safety systems like seatbelts and airbags help absorb the kinetic energy during impacts. Crash test ratings provide probabilities of injury based on test outcomes. While crash testing has improved safety, the document notes that mandatory crash testing and safety standards are still lacking in India.
1. The document discusses the principles and techniques of interferometry and its applications in metrology. Interferometry makes use of the wave properties of light to produce interference patterns which can be used for highly accurate measurements.
2. Key techniques discussed include using a monochromatic light source to pass light through narrow slits to produce interference bands. Optical flats placed on reflecting surfaces also produce interference fringes that can measure flatness at the micron level.
3. Lasers are described as an important monochromatic light source for interferometry due to their coherence and ability to produce stimulated emission. The working principles of lasers including absorption, spontaneous emission, population inversion, and stimulated emission are summarized.
Wastewater is characterized as the stream of utilized water from homes, organizations, ventures, business exercises and foundations which are subjected to the treatment plants by a precisely planned and built system of funnels. There are no occasions for wastewater treatment, and most plants work 24 hours each day of the week. Wastewater treatment plants take a shot at basic purpose of the water cycle, helping nature shields water from the intemperate contamination. But the abundant amount of undesirables in the waste water such as solid wastes and other form of materials that do not form the waste water treatment can overwhelm the system at times due to rainfall and natural forces. In order to remove a certain amount of solid waste and undesirables from the waste water we use the automatic gutter cleaning machine which is intended to as a check point at various focus points where the waste get accumulated. Thus it reduces the work done by the treatment plan and facilitates smooth flow of waste water system by More Rohit Mohan, Sunagar Sachin Laxman, Shabade Rachana Subash and Masuti S. B 2018. Purification of Solid Waste from drainage. International Journal on Integrated Education. 1, 1 (Dec. 2018), 85-87 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/790/759 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/790
Plastic Recycling and Reuse Machine to Level Cavity/Holes on RoadIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a machine to recycle plastic waste by melting it and using it to fill potholes in roads. The machine uses a conveyor system to feed plastic bags into a combustion chamber where an induction coil melts the plastic. The molten plastic exits through an outlet and is mixed to create a homogeneous filler material. The objectives are to develop an affordable and user-friendly machine that repairs roads while reducing plastic waste. The document outlines the literature review conducted, methodology, design process including 2D and 3D modeling, fabrication steps, and concludes the machine achieves the goals of recycling plastic and repairing roads in a cost effective manner.
This document presents a technical seminar on the design and fabrication of a plastic bottle shredding machine. It aims to address the large amount of plastic waste generated in India by developing a low-cost machine that can shred plastic bottles into small granules. The objectives, methodology, design, parts, working mechanism, advantages, applications, conclusions and future scope of the project are described. The present barriers to completing the project are sourcing an appropriate motor and manufacturing the shredder blades due to the pandemic situation.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Waste Plastic Recycling MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a waste plastic recycling machine. The machine converts shredded waste plastic into useful products like tiles. Plastic is fed into a heating chamber where it is melted. A lever and plunger arrangement then injects the molten plastic into molds under pressure to form the tiles. The machine aims to provide a low-cost solution for recycling plastic at smaller scales, helping address the global problem of plastic waste. It was designed and modeled in CAD software, and its components like the barrel and molds are made from materials like aluminum and wood.
Design and Fabrication of Water Bottle CrusherIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an automated water bottle crusher machine. The machine was created to increase recycling habits and reduce waste. It uses an electric motor, crushing drums, gears, and a PCB with a microcontroller. Bottles are detected by a sensor and crushed between two rotating drums. A coin is dispensed as incentive for users. The crushed bottles reduce in volume by 60-70% and save space for transportation and storage. The machine is meant to be placed in public areas like parks and stations to make recycling more accessible and reduce litter. It provides an educational demonstration of conservation while creating a cleaner environment.
IRJET - Design and Fabrication of Plastic Bottle ShredderIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a plastic bottle shredder. Plastic waste is a major problem as plastic does not decompose and most ends up in landfills. The authors designed a low-cost and lightweight plastic bottle shredder to address this issue. Their shredder uses gears instead of a belt to power cutting blades and shred plastic bottles into small pieces that can be more easily transported and recycled. They modeled the shredder in Solidworks and selected materials and components to make it durable yet affordable. Calculations were performed to determine the required motor torque, production rate, and ensure structural integrity of parts like the shaft. The goal of the project was to develop an efficient and cost-effective way to process plastic waste locally
IRJET- Automatic Separation of Municipal Waste using PLC and Smart HopperIRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic system for separating municipal waste using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and smart hopper. The system separates waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. Municipal waste is poured into a special hopper controlled by a PLC. The hopper adds water and stirs the waste before separating out non-biodegradable items using a sweeper. Biodegradable waste is then placed on a conveyor belt to further remove small metal pieces for recycling purposes. The system aims to efficiently separate 70-80% of municipal waste with minimum human intervention for composting and recycling applications.
The document describes the design of a robot to clean solid waste and floating materials from water surfaces. The robot aims to clean ponds, lakes, and swimming pools in a cost-effective manner. It uses a conveyor belt mechanism to lift debris from the water surface. Sensors and motors allow it to navigate and collect floating substances efficiently. The robot is intended to improve water quality by reducing pollution and protecting aquatic life.
This document describes an automated waste segregator system that uses sensors and mechanical arms to sort household waste into three categories: metal waste, dry waste, and wet waste. An Arduino microcontroller is used to control the sensors and mechanical components. Infrared sensors detect the presence of waste, inductive proximity sensors identify metal waste, and moisture sensors distinguish wet waste. Small DC motors and servo motors move the waste into the appropriate collection bins. The system was tested and achieved high accuracy in sorting metal waste, with room for improvement in sorting dry and wet waste. The automated waste sorting system provides an efficient solution for household waste management.
DEVELOPMENT OF WASTE PLASTIC BOTTLE COLLECTING MACHINE THAT REWARDS THE RECYC...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a waste plastic bottle collecting machine that provides monetary rewards to recyclers. It uses proximity sensors to identify and count plastic bottles deposited into the machine. The bottles are crushed, and depositors can earn points in an account by providing an ID. When the machine's storage is full, it notifies authorities via an app. The machine aims to incentivize plastic bottle recycling by providing rewards that can be used to generate promo codes or other benefits for the user. It provides a more efficient recycling solution compared to previous designs.
Review Paper on Implementation Technology to Repair Pothole Using Waste PlasticIRJET Journal
The document describes a system for repairing potholes using waste plastic. Potholes form due to factors like water absorption in cracks and heavy vehicle traffic. The system would detect potholes using ultrasonic sensors, melt shredded waste plastic using induction heating, and pour the molten plastic into potholes. Using plastic to fill potholes could extend road lifespan from 3 to over 5 years. It addresses both the problems of pothole formation and plastic waste accumulation, providing a cheaper and longer-lasting alternative to traditional pothole repair methods.
IRJET- Smart Waste Segregator and Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart waste segregator and monitoring system that was developed. The system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over garbage bins to detect garbage levels and compare it to bin depths. An Arduino microcontroller, LCD screen, WiFi modem, and buzzer are used. The LCD screen displays bin levels and a web page shows status to users monitoring it. This system provides automatic waste segregation to reduce manual sorting efforts and notifies users when bins are full through an alert system. It was found to work as designed after implementation and testing. Future work includes large scale implementation and improving collection efficiency based on bin status.
This document describes the design and development of a moss removal machine. The machine uses rotating brushes powered by a battery-operated DC motor to scrub moss off surfaces. A secondary brush pushes the removed moss into a collection tray. The machine is portable and requires less human effort than traditional moss removal methods. It provides an efficient and chemical-free way to remove moss and keep surfaces dry to prevent slipping.
IRJET- Review on Calcination Drum & Solid Waste ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses solid waste management and the calcination drum device. It provides background on solid waste classification and issues with disposal. It then describes the calcination drum, which separates waste materials and helps produce methane. The drum has an inlet where waste enters and an outlet where fine particles exit. Initial tests found failures in the drum's support roller assembly and guide ring. The document reviews previous literature focused on solid waste management technologies, rotary kiln construction, and stress analysis of kiln components like riding rings.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Beach Sand Cleaning MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a beach sand cleaning machine. It discusses how similar machines are used to separate garbage from sand by collecting the sand and raking or sifting out foreign materials like sticks and rubbish. The machine is manually operated by pushing it along the beach. The document then reviews different beach cleaning methods like mechanical raking and sifting. It provides details on the design of the machine in Solidworks and analyzes its structure and ability to withstand loads. The machine is concluded to be eco-friendly since it requires no motor or battery and only small manual effort to operate.
IRJET - Post Flood Indoor Cleaning VehicleIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a post-flood indoor cleaning vehicle designed by students to assist with cleaning after flooding.
2. The vehicle features a bucket, pump, and brush to remove accumulated mud, water, and debris from flooded homes in a safer and more efficient manner than manual cleaning.
3. The vehicle is intended to reduce the physical burden on cleanup crews and minimize health risks from prolonged exposure during cleaning after flooding.
IRJET- Theoretical Study of the Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable SegregatorIRJET Journal
This document presents a theoretical study on a biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste segregator. It discusses the need for automating waste sorting to reduce manual labor. The proposed system uses sensors, a conveyor belt, and a metal separator to sort municipal solid waste into biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and metallic fractions. A Raspberry Pi microcontroller is used to control the automation using inputs from ultrasonic and camera sensors to identify waste items and direct the robotic arm and gripper to properly separate and dispose of the different waste types.
1. The document describes a proposed robotic trash boat system to automatically collect floating debris from urban sewer pipes in order to reduce blockages.
2. The robotic boat uses a Raspberry Pi camera and image processing to detect trash, then an automated robotic arm collects the trash and stores it in a cylinder on the boat.
3. Once the cylinder is full, as detected by an IR sensor, the boat uses GPS to return to a collection hub and dump the trash. This system aims to improve drainage systems and public health by removing trash more efficiently than manual methods.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic to Electricity using Pyrolysis ProcessIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to convert plastic waste into electricity using a pyrolysis process. Plastic waste is a significant problem as plastic takes thousands of years to degrade. The project involves designing a portable machine that uses pyrolysis to break down plastic waste in a heated chamber. This produces a gaseous output that is passed through a turbine to generate electricity. The process also produces pyrolysis oil and carbon black as byproducts. The document outlines the design of the machine including the heating chamber, pyrolysis chamber, turbine, and generator. It also discusses the methodology used to design, fabricate, and test the machine. The results show that the portable unit can effectively utilize plastic waste to generate electricity and other useful products in an econom
This document describes a drainage water cleaner machine designed to clean drainage systems of waste such as plastic and thermocol. It consists of a motor, sprockets, chains, bearings and adjustable plates to automatically collect floating waste in drainage channels. The system aims to reduce human labor and increase waste collection rates. Key components are selected based on factors like strength, weight and cost. The expected applications are in municipal corporations and plastic industries to separate waste from water before treatment.
Similar to A CONCEPT ON FABRICATION AND TESTING OF WASTE SEGREGATOR MACHINE (20)
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This document discusses the importance of leadership in leading an organization towards improvement and development. It states that leadership is responsible for providing a clear vision and strategy to successfully achieve that vision. Effective leadership can impact the success of an organization by controlling its direction and motivating employees. Leadership is different from traditional management in that it guides employees towards organizational goals through open communication and motivation, rather than simply directing work. The paper concludes that only leadership can lead an organization to change according to its evolving environment, while management may simply follow old rules. Leadership is key to adapting to new market needs and trends.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
The document summarizes research on a nano composite polymer gel electrolyte containing SiO2 nanoparticles. Key points:
1. Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene polymer was used as the base polymer mixed with propylene carbonate, magnesium perchlorate, and SiO2 nanoparticles to synthesize the nano composite polymer gel electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte was characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR which confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles and increased amorphous nature of the electrolyte, enhancing its ion conductivity.
3. XRD showed decreased crystallinity and disappearance of polymer peaks upon addition of SiO2. SEM revealed
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
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A CONCEPT ON FABRICATION AND TESTING OF WASTE SEGREGATOR MACHINE
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 2 (2019)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. 4
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A CONCEPT ON FABRICATION AND TESTING OF WASTE
SEGREGATOR MACHINE
Sonu P. Singh1
1
(Mechanical Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Saurav V. Singh2
2
(Mechanical Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Mithilesh J. Singh3
3
(Mechanical Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Pratik Raut4
4
(Mechanical Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract: The waste management system in the country is not proper, in order to provide a proper waste
management system we need to manufacture a machine that can sort the various waste constituents from
garbage which can be further processed and recycled to reduce the overall waste. So to achieve this, we are
manufacturing a waste segregator machine which is capable of separating wastes such as metals, non-metals,
plastic, etc. The design is the basic step for manufacturing of the machine if the design is proper and safe the
manufacturing goes smooth. We are manufacturing the machine to obtain the goal of separating the waste
which can be used by small scale as well as large scale industry effectively, which would directly add into
benefit for the society. The manufacturing the machine which would be easy to operate and simple in
construction. In short it would be affordable if produced in numbers.
Keywords –waste segregator machine, safe, effective manufacturing, affordable, waste management.
1. INTRODUCTION
Rapid population growth, urbanization and industrial growth have led to severe waste management
problems in the cities of developing countries like India. The large quantity of waste generated necessitates a
system of collection, transportation and disposal. It requires knowledge of what the wastes are comprised of, and
how they need to be collected and disposed. Recycling of waste, energy generation and employment
opportunities from waste management also have immense potential. However, it has been widely observed that
the Municipal Corporations in India do not have adequate resources or the technical expertise necessary to deal
with the problem. Successful waste management requires the participation of citizens, local governments, and
private entrepreneurs.
Waste segregation is the process in which the different constituents of waste are separated and to
achieve this waste sorting machine is used. This will help us to sort the various elements present in the waste
like plastics, metals, bricks and stones and other substances out from the garbage, to improve the reusing and
recycling of waste. At the same time, the separated waste materials can be further re-processed into useful
resources. So, the main purpose of the automatic waste sorter is reduction in processing and turning waste into
treasure.
1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
As the waste management system in India is not effective which leads to environment and health issues.
As India is price based market so the main obstacle in designing is the product cost, its compactness, efficiency
and also its reliability.
2. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 2 (2019)
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Separating the different metals found in waste.
Separating plastic from the waste.
Recycling of waste
Use of organic waste
Disposal of harmful waste
Separation of electronic waste
All the above mentioned problems are affecting the daily life of human being and results decrease in life.
Therefore above mentioned problems should be eliminated by designing a mechanical system.
2. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Steps to be followed while manufacturing
Step 2:
Design
Step 3:
Solid Model
Step 4:
Dummy model
Yes
ErrorGoto step 2
Step 9:
Finish
Step 8:
Model Testing
Step 7:
Assembly
Step 6:
Fabrication
Step 5:
Material
Procurement
Step 1:
Market Survey
NO
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Step 1: Market survey
This is basically done to how and where we can find parts like electric motor, L-Channel, conveyor
belt, bearing, blower, pulley, M.S plate, M.S Square tubing etc.to manufacture the machine and machining
operations required while manufacturing.
Step 2: Design
After completing the market survey we begin with the design of waste segregator machine. Here we
calculated the dimensions and tolerances of different parts of the system like conveyor belt, conveyor structure,
shaft, bearing, pulley, V-belt, roller, bag opener etc.
Step 3: Solid Model
According to our design calculation we made a solid model of our machine.
Fig.: Solid Model.
Step 4: Dummy Model
Dummy model is basically a replica of the solid model to check the feasibility of the machine. It was
built up of wood (acting as frame), plastic (acting as bins) and paper (acting as conveyor belt) to a suitable scale
proportionate to the actual one. After making this model, we got the idea and errors which was rectified and
necessary changes were done in the respective dimensions and design was finalized.
Step 5: Material Procurement
After knowing the technical parameters of the machine like type of motor to be used for driving the
machine, magnet for eddy current separator, bearing for giving a frictionless motion, blower for creation of air
flow, pulley for power transmission, conveyor belt for transmission purpose, bins for collection of waste, M.S
sheet for body of machine, L- channel for frame or stand, plastic roller for eddy current separator etc. we
procured material.
Table: Part List
Sr. no Item Name Quantity
1 Drive motor 3
2 Neodymium magnets 20
3 Linear Bearing 6
4 Blower 1
5 Pulley 4
6 Conveyer belt 1
7 Bin 4
8 MS sheet 25kg
9 L channel 45kg
10 Plastic roller 1
11 Metallic roller 1
Step 6: Fabrication
Manufacturing the machine as per the dimensions and specifications mentioned on the engineering
drawing sheet begins here. Cutting operation was done by sawing, shearing, lathe turning, lathe milling etc.
Manual bending of M.S. sheet for bag opener was done, welding of the entire structure etc. work were
done.
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The parts which were manufactured are as follows.
Conveyor:
Initially we started with the making of conveyor base which comprises of L-channels and 2 rollers
were mounted on either side of the conveyor.
Bag Opener:
At one end there will be a bag opener for opening the garbage bag which will be fed into it. There are
number of blades mounted on a shaft of bag opener at a predefined distance and orientation.
Eddy current separator
At the end of main conveyor belt, we placed a hollow roller made up of PVC pipe to get better results
and inside it there is a shaft passing through the hollow roller and the shaft is concentric to the roller. The roller
and the shaft are moving at different speeds with the help of two different induction motors.
Roller is the core component of eddy current separator composed of 20 pairs Neodymium permanent
magnets around by the PVC drum mounted on the shaft. The permanent magnets were alternately configured by
S-N-S direction.
Step 7: Assembly
All the parts which were manufactured are finally assembled according to the design specifications.
Step 8: Testing
Now, the machine was tested and some minor changes were made to achieve our objectives of
manufacturing the machine and then results were recorded multiple times.
3. WORKING
First the plastic bag containing different constituents like plastic, paper, ferrous, non-ferrous, wood, etc.
are dropped into the bag opener. The bag opener is only used to open the plastic bag. After opening the plastic
bag all the waste present in it will fall on the conveyor.
The conveyor will move all the waste towards the blower and all the materials like light plastics; paper
will be blown off by the blower. The blown material will be collected in a collecting bin. The remaining waste
will move towards the end of the conveyor, here we have our eddy current separator.
Here with the help of eddy current separator, ferrous (due to attraction of the magnets) and non-ferrous
materials (due to wedge or repulsive force created by the magnets) are separated apart. Due to the wedge action,
non-ferrous metal will be thrown off and collected in respective bin and because of the magnetic effect of the
eddy current separator the ferrous metal will stick to surface of the conveyor belt and will be collected in
respective ferrous bin.
Opening of garbage bag
Separating light materials using
blower
Separating ferrous & non-ferrous
metals using eddy current separator
Collecting waste in their respective
bin
Insert waste into the hopper
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The remaining waste like hard plastic, wood, etc. will be collected in between the ferrous and non-
ferrous bin. By this way all the constituents will be separated from the waste.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the eight step methodology implemented in the previous chapter, the results obtained are
listed below:
Result Table
Type of solid waste Total Waste (in %) Waste segregated (in %)
Paper 11.7 11.5
Light plastic (polythene bags) 4 3.9
Ferrous materials 35 35
Non-ferrous materials 22.5 20
Solid Plastic 15 15
Wood 11.8 11.8
Total 100 97.2
5. CONCLUSION
With drastic change in urbanization and rise in industries, India is facing voluminous waste
management challenge. There is no adequate plan or system to sort, recycle or reuse the waste being generated.
So we have successfully manufactured a machine which is capable of segregating different constituents present
in the waste like paper, plastic, ferrous, non-ferrous, wood etc. Our machine is efficient, compact in size and
most importantly affordable by any small scale industry or even by any housing society. Thus, by active citizen
participation one can built small but effective waste segregating machine which is capable of segregating the
waste.
1. Separation of ferrous, non-ferrous, plastics, wood etc. from the waste.
2. Designing a compact and affordable machine.
3. The recycled waste can be further sent for recycling.
4. Decreasing the chances of hazardous condition for land and labour.
REFERENCES
[1] P Baishya, S B Singh, and D K Mahanta, 2015, “Fabrication And Testing Of Dry Waste Sorting Machine,” IRJET.
[2] M O Rahman, A Hussain, and H Basri, 2013, “A Critical Review On Waste Paper Sorting Techniques,” IJEST.
[4] S B Singh, B Roy, and A H Chaudhary, 2016 “Design Of Municipal Dry Waste Segregating Machine Using Conveyor,” IJIRSET.
[5] Khalfan, 2002, “Optical Paper Sorter,” United States Patent.
[6] Gschweitl, H., and Heinz, K, 1988, “Method for Sorting Waste Paper” European Patent
6. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 2 (2019)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. 4
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[7] B G Petrucci, 1977, “Waste Sorting Machine,” United States Patent.
[8] Pehlivan E., 1995. “Examine of the Recyclable Materials”, Yıldız Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, Master
Thesis, stanbul
[9] Cascadia Consulting Group, Inc., 2004. Statewide Waste Characterization Study, pp. 90-105.
[10] Dubanowitz, A.J., 2000. “Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) for Processing the Recyclable Materials of New York City’s
Municipal Solid Waste”, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, pp. 10-27.
[11] State Institute of Statistics of Turkey (SIS), 1993. Environmental Statistics, Household Solid Waste Composition Survey
[12] State Institute of Statistics of Turkey (SIS), 1994. Municipal Environmental Inventory, Fundamental Environment Indicator
[13] State Institute of Statistics of Turkey (SIS), 2001. Environmental Statistics, Household Solid Waste Composition Survey
[14] State Institute of Statistics of Turkey (SIS), 2004. Municipal Environmental Inventory, Fundamental Environment Indicator
[15] Metin, E. And Eröztürk, A. and Neyim, C., 2003. “Solid Management Practices and Review of Recovery and Recycling Operations in
Turkey”, Waste Management 23 (2003) 425-432.