I made this with my 3 partners for my CEC marks in 3rd sem of MCA. It includes information about HCI, definition, types, how it works, queries of it etc.
One can get idea easily about HCI after refering this presentation.
Interaction design involves designing interactive products and digital interfaces to support people's activities and needs. The goals of interaction design are to create usable, effective and enjoyable experiences for users by involving them in the design process. Key aspects of interaction design include understanding users, prototyping designs, evaluating usability throughout the process, and applying design principles such as visibility, feedback, consistency and mapping to create intuitive interfaces.
Chapter 3: The interaction
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
This document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI) as an academic discipline and design field. It discusses what students will learn, including understanding systems and humans through analysis, and applying that understanding to design solutions with a focus on real users. It outlines topic areas like design processes, underlying theories of human cognition, and specific domains. It also explores the roots of HCI in fields like psychology and computing. Finally, it discusses changes in the field with increasing device multiplicity, ubiquitous and wearable technologies, and a shift from computer dialogue to dialogue with the world.
Chapter 12: Cognitive models
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
The document discusses user-centered design (UCD), including its definition, principles, process, and advantages/disadvantages. UCD is defined as a process that involves users throughout a product's lifecycle from planning through post-release assessment. The key principles of UCD outlined are to understand users, design for the total user experience, evaluate designs with users, and continually observe users. The UCD process is iterative and includes requirements gathering, design, evaluation, and assessing competitiveness. Advantages of UCD include products that are easier to use and requiring less redesign, while disadvantages include increased costs and time required.
Design process interaction design basicsPreeti Mishra
This document provides an introduction to interaction design basics and terms. It discusses that interaction design involves creating technology-based interventions to achieve goals within constraints. The design process has several stages and is iterative. Interaction design starts with understanding users through methods like talking to and observing them. Scenarios are rich stories used throughout design to illustrate user interactions. Basic terms in interaction design include goals, constraints, trade-offs, and the design process. Usability and user-centered design are also discussed.
Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use, and the study of major phenomena surrounding them. The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and computers by making computers more user-friendly and responsive to user needs. Key aspects of HCI include usability testing interfaces for effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Emerging areas of HCI research include pervasive/ubiquitous computing which embeds technology in everyday objects and ambient intelligence which aims to make technology invisible to users.
Human Computer Interaction Notes 176.pdfvijaykumarK44
1. Human-computer interaction (HCI) studies the design and use of computer technology and aims to ensure interactions between humans and computers are as usable and understandable as possible.
2. A key goal of HCI is to minimize the barriers between what users want to accomplish and the computer's understanding of the task.
3. Early computer interfaces involved command-line text input which was difficult for many users. Graphical user interfaces using icons, windows, and pointing devices like mice revolutionized human-computer interaction by making interactions more intuitive and direct.
The document discusses Human Computer Interaction (HCI). It defines HCI as a discipline concerned with designing interactive computing systems for human use and studying phenomena around them. HCI draws from fields like computer science, behavioral sciences, and design. It aims to improve interactions between users and computers by making computers more usable and responsive to human needs. HCI involves methods for designing, implementing, and evaluating interfaces to minimize barriers between what users want to accomplish and how computers support users' tasks.
The document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI), including key definitions and concepts. It discusses how HCI draws from multiple disciplines including computer science, psychology, and ergonomics. The document also describes several HCI design models, including the waterfall model and star life cycle model. It explores different types of interfaces such as graphical user interfaces, virtual reality, and natural language interfaces. Eye tracking research methodology is also summarized as a way to study what users look at when interacting with computers.
This document discusses various aspects of face-to-face communication and how they compare to computer-mediated communication. It addresses topics like nonverbal cues, turn-taking, establishing common ground, and maintaining context in both synchronous and asynchronous text-based communication. Key challenges in computer-mediated communication include lack of nonverbal cues, weaker back channels, loss of granularity and pace, and difficulties maintaining sequencing and context in discussions.
This document discusses key human factors to consider for designing human-computer interfaces. It covers understanding how people interact with computers by examining why they have trouble, how they respond to poor design, and their tasks. It also covers important human characteristics in design such as perception, memory, and individual differences. The goal is to understand users and design intuitive, usable systems.
The document discusses models of interaction between users and computer systems. It describes Norman's seven-stage model of interaction which focuses on the user's perspective when interacting with an interface. It also discusses Abowd and Beale's framework which identifies the major components involved in interaction, including user input and system output. Different styles of interaction are examined, such as command line interfaces, menus, and WIMP interfaces.
The document discusses various topics related to interaction design basics including goals and constraints of design, understanding users through personas and scenarios, prototyping and iteration, navigation design, screen design principles, and more. It emphasizes the importance of an user-centered design approach and provides examples and guidelines to help design intuitive interactions.
This document provides an overview of the psychology of human-computer interaction. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes, which are to understand why psychologists should be involved in design, consider elements of HCI in relation to psychology, and how new technologies impact people. It then provides definitions of human-computer interaction and discusses relevant disciplines like computer science, psychology, and ergonomics. Examples of incidents involving poor interface design leading to issues like information overload are provided. The document also discusses goals of HCI like usability, effectiveness and different roles in the field like interaction designers.
This document discusses human-computer interaction (HCI). It defines HCI as the study of how humans interact with computer systems. The history and evolution of HCI is covered, from its origins in the 1970s-1990s to investigate desktop usability, to the modern fields of user experience (UX) design, human-robot interaction, and human data interaction. Key differences between HCI as a field of study and UX as an application of HCI theory are outlined. Finally, potential career paths for HCI graduates such as user researcher, product designer, and interface engineer are presented.
This document discusses the differences between graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and web interfaces. It describes some key characteristics of GUIs, including direct manipulation through pointing and clicking, visualization of objects and actions, and restricted sets of interface options. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of GUIs, such as faster learning but greater design complexity. It then covers characteristics of web interfaces, such as more variable presentation across devices and less constrained navigation compared to GUIs. The document concludes by contrasting interaction styles, response times, visual styles, and consistency between GUIs and web interfaces.
Design of an information system for HUNETsrffrankzr
The document proposes the design of a Bloom Filter-Based Publish/Subscribe (B-SUB) system for enabling infrastructure-less information sharing between mobile devices in a human network (HUNET). B-SUB uses Temporal Counting Bloom Filters (TCBF) to encode users' interests and facilitate efficient content-based routing and dissemination of information between devices without relying on a wireless infrastructure. The system selects socially active nodes to serve as brokers that store and propagate interests and messages using queries and forwarding between TCBFs during encounters. B-SUB aims to provide privacy-preserving interest propagation through mixing genuine and relayed interests in the TCBFs shared between nodes.
The document discusses various types of human-computer interfaces. It describes interfaces such as command line interfaces, menu driven interfaces, and graphical user interfaces. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The document also discusses other interfaces including natural language interfaces, virtual reality interfaces, and interfaces that can help disabled users interact with computers.
PPT of my technical Seminar titled Brain-computer interface (BCI). This is a collaboration between a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain to direct some external activity, such as control of a cursor or a prosthetic limb.
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Reprioritizing the Relationship Between HCI Research and Practice: Bubble-Up ...colin gray
There has been an ongoing conversation about the role and relationship of theory and practice in the HCI community. This paper explores this relationship privileging a practice perspective through a tentative model, which describes a “bubble-up” of ideas from practice to inform research and theory development, and an accompanying “trickle-down” of theory into practice. Interviews were conducted with interaction designers, which included a description of their use of design methods in practice, and their knowledge and use of two common design methods—affinity diagramming and the concept of affordance. Based on these interviews, potential relationships between theory and practice are explored through this model. Disseminating agents already common in HCI practice are addressed as possible mechanisms for the research community to understand practice more completely. Opportunities for future research, based on the use of the tentative model in a generative way, are considered.
Project management involves applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet requirements. The U.S. spends $2.3 trillion annually on projects, equal to 25% of GDP. More than 16 million people work in project management. It is a fast-growing field with an average salary of over $100,000 and a shortage of 1.2 million jobs per year. Project management aims to deliver unique products or services on time, on budget and according to specifications through planning, organizing, and controlling project scope, time, costs and quality.
Semantic web technologies pop up frequently in current computer science research, in particular in fields related to HCI. Although the semantic web itself has not yet been fully realized, the supporting technologies are mature enough to be used for other applications.
The semantic web initiative centers around knowledge representation and automated reasoning about knowledge. This concept is general enough to find its use in many different fields (ambient intelligence, service oriented computing, etc.).
I will give an overview of the basic concepts of the semantic web. Important semantic web standards such as RDF, RDFS and OWL will be covered as well.
Presented during a HCI chit-chat session at our institute on September 8th, 2006.
The document summarizes Lecture 3 of the Human-Computer Interaction Course 2014 given by Lora Aroyo. It discusses interaction design concepts like design principles, affordances, constraints, mappings, feedback and visibility. It also outlines four psychological principles of user interaction and how they can be applied in design. Specific concepts like consistency, affordances, mappings, feedback and cultural associations are explained in detail along with examples. Design guidelines, standards and principles for optimizing the user experience are also presented.
This document provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It discusses the history and development of BCI, including early work using electrodes implanted in monkeys. The document outlines different approaches to BCI, including invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive methods. Applications mentioned include providing communication assistance and environmental control for disabled individuals, enhancing video games, and monitoring brain states. Several current BCI projects are also briefly described, and the conclusion discusses BCI's potential therapeutic benefits and role in human enhancement.
This document discusses human-computer interfaces (HCI). It defines HCI as the process of information transfer between users and machines, and how users see and interact with computer systems. The document outlines different types of interfaces like command line, menu driven, and graphical user interfaces. It also discusses advances in HCI including wearable, wireless, and virtual devices. Multimodal interfaces that combine multiple input modes are presented as beneficial for disabled users.
The document discusses key aspects of human-computer interaction (HCI), including understanding HCI, types of user interfaces, guidelines for dialog design, and designing queries. It covers topics like ensuring usability and user experience in HCI, different types of user interfaces like menus, forms, and graphical user interfaces. It provides guidelines for meaningful communication, minimal user actions, and consistency in dialog design. It also discusses different types of queries that can be performed on databases and methods for building more complex queries.
This document provides an introduction to human-computer interaction. It defines HCI as the interaction between users and computer systems. The three fundamental components of HCI are the human user, computer system, and interactive process between them. The goals of HCI are to improve usability and design systems that minimize barriers between the human and computer models of tasks. User interface design is crucial to HCI as it mediates interaction and conceptual models. Input/output devices, interaction styles, and computer technologies influence the nature of interaction.
The document discusses usability and how it can be effectively incorporated into agile development processes, noting that user experience work should be done early and iteratively through techniques like design studios, prototyping, and usability testing to evolve the user interface alongside development in short iterations. It provides guidelines for usability best practices like optimizing the user experience, effective navigation and page design, screen controls, and testing to ensure the user interface is easy to use.
This document discusses the objectives and topics of the course CS814PE: Human Computer Interaction. The course aims to:
1) Provide an overview of HCI and user interface design alternatives beyond keyboard and mouse.
2) Develop an understanding of human cognitive systems and how to apply psychology models to predict user performance.
3) Focus on user-centered design methodology and ethics in technology design.
The course covers topics such as principles of user interface design, components of user interfaces like input and output, considerations for design, and benefits of good design like lower training costs. It aims to teach skills like applying HCI principles and designing tools to assist disabled users.
This document discusses the objectives and topics of the course CS814PE: Human Computer Interaction. The course aims to:
1) Provide an overview of HCI and user interface design alternatives beyond keyboard and mouse.
2) Develop an understanding of human cognitive systems and how to apply psychology models to predict user performance.
3) Focus on user-centered design methodology and ethics in technology design.
The course covers topics such as principles of user interface design, components of user interfaces like input and output, considerations for design, and benefits of good design like lower training costs. It aims to teach skills like applying HCI principles to accessibility tools.
This document discusses the objectives and topics of the course CS814PE: Human Computer Interaction. The course aims to:
1) Provide an overview of HCI and user interface design alternatives beyond keyboard and mouse.
2) Develop an understanding of human cognitive systems and how to apply psychology models to predict user performance.
3) Emphasize user-focused design methodology and social implications of technology.
Key topics that will be covered include principles of user interface design, components of user interfaces like input and output, why user interfaces are important, and considerations for designing good user interfaces.
This document discusses human-computer interaction and user interface design. It covers interaction design principles like understanding users and iteration. It also describes common interaction styles like command line interfaces, menus, forms, and the WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointer) style. User-centered design techniques are outlined, including data collection, analysis, modeling, prototyping and evaluation to create effective, efficient and satisfying user experiences.
This document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI) and user interface design. It defines HCI as focusing on optimizing how users and computers interact through designing interfaces that satisfy user needs. It describes different types of user interfaces like graphical, menu-driven, and command line interfaces. It also covers principles of user interface design like minimizing actions, keeping interfaces simple and consistent, and providing useful feedback. Finally, it lists some common job roles in user interface design.
This document discusses principles of user interface design for graphical user interfaces, web interfaces, and intranets. It defines key terms like user interface, input, output, and highlights the importance of good design. Benefits of good design include reduced errors, training costs and increased satisfaction. Characteristics of graphical interfaces are discussed like visual presentation, pick and click interaction, and object orientation. The popularity and differences between GUIs, the web, printed pages and intranets are also summarized.
Targeted documentation STC Houston, Mar 20, 2012STC_Houston
The document discusses the principles and goals of targeted documentation. It advocates writing less but better documentation that focuses on the essential information users need to achieve their goals. It emphasizes understanding users and their needs in order to provide the right content in the right format. The document provides guidance on techniques for targeted documentation including conducting a thorough task analysis, focusing on the most common tasks, and designing documentation around user goals rather than product features.
The document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI), including key definitions and concepts. It discusses how HCI draws from multiple disciplines including computer science, psychology, and ergonomics. The document also describes several HCI design models, including the waterfall model and star life cycle model. It examines different types of interfaces such as graphical user interfaces, virtual reality, and natural language interfaces. Eye tracking research methodology is also briefly discussed as a way to study what users look at when interacting with computers.
The document provides an introduction to human-computer interaction. It discusses key concepts like interaction design, the design process, understanding users, scenarios, navigation, iteration, prototypes, usability, and common interaction styles. The design process involves understanding constraints, the human and computer, and is iterative without a clear end. Interaction starts by learning about users and their context. Scenarios and navigation help address user needs. Prototyping and iteration are used to evaluate designs. Usability focuses on effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Common interaction styles include command lines, menus, forms, and the WIMP model using windows, icons, menus and pointers.
The document discusses principles of user interface design for information and communication technologies. It describes reasons for using cognitive models to understand how users interact with systems. Some key design principles are discussed like visibility, feedback, and consistency. Conceptual models aim to keep interfaces simple and map concepts to users' existing knowledge through metaphors. Direct manipulation is presented as an interaction style that allows users to directly act on interface objects, bridging the gulf of execution and evaluation. Advantages of direct manipulation include being easy to learn while disadvantages include difficulties in programming and suitability for small displays.
HCI is the study of how humans interact with computers and how computers can be designed for successful human interaction. HCI involves three main components - the user, the computer, and how they interact. The goals of HCI are to design usable, safe, and functional systems by understanding human factors and developing tools that prioritize people. HCI draws from many disciplines like cognitive psychology, social psychology, ergonomics, and computer science. Key topics in HCI include user customization, embedded computation, augmented reality, and brain-computer interfaces.
Software engineering 18 user interface designVaibhav Khanna
This document discusses user interface design for software systems. It notes that users often judge systems by their interfaces and poor interface design can lead to errors. Most business systems now use graphical user interfaces (GUIs) which are easy to learn and use. The document advocates for user-centered design where users' needs are paramount. It outlines the user interface design process and principles such as consistency, minimizing surprises, and supporting error recovery. Design principles also include making interfaces familiar to users and providing guidance for a diverse user base.
The document provides an overview of the key concepts in human-computer interaction (HCI). It defines HCI as the study of how humans interact with computers and how to design interactive systems that are usable by humans. The document outlines the main topics in HCI, including understanding users, designing interactions, prototyping, and evaluation. It discusses the goals of HCI, which include improving the safety, utility, effectiveness, efficiency, usability and appeal of computer systems for users.
This chapter discusses output and user interface design. It covers types of output like reports, screen design, and user interface elements. The chapter emphasizes user-centered design principles to understand users and make interfaces intuitive. Guidelines are provided for output design, reports, and reducing input errors through validation and limiting data entry fields. The overall goal is to design interfaces and outputs that meet user needs.
The document discusses principles of user interface design for software systems. It covers topics like user interaction styles, information presentation, and user support. Some key principles discussed are using familiar terminology for users, consistency across interfaces, minimizing surprises, allowing for error recovery, and providing guidance. Graphical user interfaces are now common and have advantages like being easy to learn and use while allowing multitasking. The design process involves analysis, prototyping, and evaluation with end users.
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
No, it's not a robot: prompt writing for investigative journalismPaul Bradshaw
How to use generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini to generate story ideas for investigations, identify potential sources, and help with coding and writing.
A talk from the Centre for Investigative Journalism Summer School, July 2024
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
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How to Install Theme in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
With Odoo, we can select from a wide selection of attractive themes. Many excellent ones are free to use, while some require payment. Putting an Odoo theme in the Odoo module directory on our server, downloading the theme, and then installing it is a simple process.
Views in Odoo - Advanced Views - Pivot View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, the pivot view is a graphical representation of data that allows users to analyze and summarize large datasets quickly. It's a powerful tool for generating insights from your business data.
The pivot view in Odoo is a valuable tool for analyzing and summarizing large datasets, helping you gain insights into your business operations.
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
The Jewish Trinity : Sabbath,Shekinah and Sanctuary 4.pdfJackieSparrow3
we may assume that God created the cosmos to be his great temple, in which he rested after his creative work. Nevertheless, his special revelatory presence did not fill the entire earth yet, since it was his intention that his human vice-regent, whom he installed in the garden sanctuary, would extend worldwide the boundaries of that sanctuary and of God’s presence. Adam, of course, disobeyed this mandate, so that humanity no longer enjoyed God’s presence in the little localized garden. Consequently, the entire earth became infected with sin and idolatry in a way it had not been previously before the fall, while yet in its still imperfect newly created state. Therefore, the various expressions about God being unable to inhabit earthly structures are best understood, at least in part, by realizing that the old order and sanctuary have been tainted with sin and must be cleansed and recreated before God’s Shekinah presence, formerly limited to heaven and the holy of holies, can dwell universally throughout creation
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
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2. Major Points
• Understanding Human-Computer Interaction
• Types of User Interfaces
• Guidelines for Dialog Design
• Designing Queries
2
3. Understanding Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI)
• Ensuring system functionality and usability, providing effective user
interaction support and enhancing a pleasant user experience.
• Its goal is to achieve Organizational and Individual use effectiveness
and efficiency.
• The main method of HCI in system analysis and design is to
frequently get feedbacks from users about their experiences with
prototyped design, refining the design based on the suggested
changes and doing this again and again until the design is
acceptable and feedback is being positive.
3
5. Fit:
• Basically a “ fit ” can be known as “ a perfect match ”.
• A good fit between the HCI elements of the human, the
computer and the task that needs to be performed leads to
performance and well-being.
• Better fit is meant to result in better performance and greater
overall well-being for the human involved system.
5
7. Task
• A task is a structure or unstructured , complex or simple
routine which is done under an environment.
• Complex tasks that require human, system, and task
interaction are supported by ecommerce and Web systems, ERP
systems, and wireless systems inside and outside of the
organization.
Performance
• A combination of the efficiency involved in performing a task
and the quality of the work that is produced by the task.
• If the performance in the task is good then the performance of
its outcome will be good as well.
7
8. Well-Being
• Concern for a human’s overall comfort, safety and health.
• Physical and Psychological aspects are also taken care.
•E.g. Using CASE Tools for producing DFDs on a computer
serves well-being to an analyst cause it’s a “ best fit “ of the
analyst, software objective and computer. An analyst is working
in an environment where s/he is physically comfortable and
psychologically inspired to be creative and productive.
8
9. The Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM)
• It was proposed by Davis in 1989 and was refined and improved by
Davis and others.
• Its an approach to organize thinking about whether the user will
accept and use the information technology.
• It can be used before the system is developed or after the system is
developed but for both the purpose is different.
9
10. • If TAM is used before development of system
then it will be accomplished on the 2 keys.
– Ease of use
– Usefulness
• If TAM is used after development then it will be
used to shape a training program.
10
11. Designing for cognitive styles of
individual users
• Making sure data is made available in different forms
– Tables
– Graphs
– Text
11
12. Pivot Tables
• Allows a user to arrange data in a table in any way they choose
• Gives users greater control over how they look at data in different
ways within a table.
12
14. Physical Considerations in HCI
Design
• Vision
– HCI prospective tells to think on the limitation of human vision.
– Factors such as distance from display to a person, angle of vision, color, font
size, type of display, uniformity and placement etc.
• Hearing
– In an office noisy dot matrix printers and phone conversation will lead to
overload hearing and personnel ipod players or noise canceling headphones
will diminish their skill of work.
– Analyst needs to consider noise while designing the office system.
14
15. Physical Considerations in HCI
Design
• Touch
– Touch is all about the input devices that are used to enter data in a system.
– For this the well know interfaces are Key board, mouse, touch screen, stylus
touch etc.
– According to the requirement these devices are updated to serve well-being
to the users.
15
16. Considering Human
Limitations, Disabilities, and Design
• Users of a computer system may be having some disabilities or
some physical limitation.
• HCI approaches special software packages, hardware devices and
concepts that can serve well-being to such special users.
16
17. • Blind or those with low vision
– Braille keyboards
– Special software that reads Web pages and other
documents aloud
– Screen magnifiers
• Deaf or impaired hearing
– Include access to written versions of the audio
material
– Headphones
17
18. • People with limited mobility
– Use of speech input rather than keyboard
– Use of see spot in place of mouse (Bio Medical)
18
19. Implementing good HCI practices
• Matching the user interface to the task.
• Making the user interface efficient
• Providing appropriate feedback to users
• Generating usable queries
19
20. Interface Design Objectives
• Match the user interface to the task
• Make the user interface efficient
• Provide appropriate feedback to users
• Generate usable queries
• Improve productivity of computer users
20
21. Types of User Interfaces
• Natural-language interfaces
• Question-and-answer interfaces
• Menus
• Form-fill interfaces
• Command-language interfaces
21
23. Natural-Language Interfaces
• Permit users to interact with the computer in their everyday or
"natural" language
• Implementation problems and extraordinary demand on computing
resources have so far kept natural-language interfaces to a
minimum
23
24. Question-and-Answer Interfaces
• The computer displays a question to the user on the display
• The user enters an answer through mouse click or keyboard
stroke
• The computer acts on that input information in a preprogrammed
manner
• Users unfamiliar with applications may find question-and-answer
interfaces most comfortable
24
26. Menus
• Provides the user with an onscreen list of available selections
• Not hardware dependent
• Can be put aside until the user wants to use them
• Can be nested within one another to lead a user through
options in a program
• GUI menus
• Object menu
26
28. GUI menus are used to control PC
software and have following guidelines:
• The main menu bar is always displayed
• The main menu uses single words for menu items. Main menu
options always display secondary pull-down menus.
• The drop-down menus that display when a menu item is clicked
often consist of more than 1 word.
• Menu items in grey are unavailable for current activity.
28
29. Form-Fill Interfaces
(Input/output Forms)
• Onscreen forms or Web-based forms displaying fields containing data
items or parameters that need to be communicated to the user
• Advantage
– The filled-in form provides excellent documentation
• Disadvantage
– Users experienced with the system or application may become
impatient
29
31. Command-Language Interfaces
• Allows the user to control the application with a series of
keystrokes, commands, phrases, or some sequence of these
• Affords the user more flexibility and control
• Require memorization of syntax rules
• May be an obstacle for inexperienced users
31
33. Graphical User Interfaces
• Provide users constant feedback on task accomplishment
• Continuous feedback on the manipulated object means that
changes or reveals in operations can be made quickly without
incurring error messages
• An appropriate model of reality or an acceptable conceptual model
of the representation must be invented
33
34. Other User Interfaces
• Pointing devices
• Touch-sensitive screens
• Speech recognition and synthesis
34
35. Guidelines for Dialog Design
Key-points for designing good dialogs:
• Meaningful communication
• Minimal user action
• Standard operation and consistency
35
36. Meaningful communication
• It is because the computer understand what the people are entering
and people understand what the computer is presenting. (e.g.)
• The system should present information clearly to the user.
• An appropriate title for each display, minimizing the use of
abbreviations and providing clear user feedback.
• Data in an edited format. (e.g. date , amount fields)
• The cursor may change shape depending on the work being performed.
36
37. • Web-sites must display more text and instruction to guide the user
through the sites.
• Images must be used with the pop-up text or little bit description and
all images must be labeled.
• Status line is an another way of providing instruction for users.
• Tool-tip is helpful to identifying the function of a command button.
37
38. Minimal User Action
• Keying codes instead of whole words (e.g.)
• Entering data that are not already stored on files (e.g.)
• Supplying the editing characters (e.g. date , amount field)
• Using default values for fields on entry screens
• Designing an inquiry, change, or delete program so that the user needs
to enter only the first few characters of a name or item description
• Providing keystrokes for selecting pull-down menu options
38
39. • Use radio buttons and drop-down lists to control displays of new Web
pages or to change Web forms
• Provide cursor control for Web forms and other displays so the cursor
moves to the next field when the right number of characters has been
entered
39
40. Standard operation and consistency
• Locating titles, date, time, and operator and feedback messages in the
same places on all displays
• Exiting each program by the same key or menu option
• Canceling a transaction in a consistent way
• Obtaining help in a standardized way
• Standardizing the colors used for all displays or Web pages
40
41. • Standardizing the use of icons for similar operations
• Using consistent terminology in a display or Web site
• Providing a consistent way to navigate through the dialog
• Using consistent font alignment, size, and color on a Web page
41
42. Description:
This tab control dialog box has seven tabs. The chosen tab
“Paper” appears as if it is in front of the other tabs
42
back
47. Designing Queries
• Help reduce users’ time spend in querying the database
• Help them find the data they want
• Six different types of queries are among the most common
47
48. It Is Possible to Perform Six Basic Types of Queries on a Table that
Contains Entities, Attributes, and Values
48
49. Query Types
Query Type 1
• What is the value of a specified attribute for a particular entity?
• The purpose of the query is to find the value.
• Query Notation
• V (E, A)
49
50. V (E, A)
Query Type 1 – What did employee number 72888 make in year 2009?
50
51. Query Types
Query Type 2
• What entity has a specified value for a particular attribute?
• Because values can also be numeric, it is possible to search for a value
=,>,>=,<,<= etc…
• Query Notation
• E (V, A)
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52. E (V, A)
Query Type 2 – What employee(s) earned more than $50,000 in 2009?
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53. Query Types
Query Type 3
• What attribute(s) has a specified value for a particular entity?
• Query Notation
• A (V, E)
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54. A (V, E)
Query Type 3 – What years did employee number 72845 make over
$50,000?
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55. Query Types
Query Type 4
• List all the values for all the attributes for a particular entity.
• Query Notation
• All V (E, all A)
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56. all V (E, all A)
Query Type 4 – list all the details in the earnings history file for employee
number 72888.
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57. Query Types
Query Type 5
• List all entities that have a specified value for all attributes.
• Query Notation
• All E (V, all A)
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58. all E (V, all A)
Query Type 5 – List all employees whose earnings exceeded $50,000 in
any of the years available.
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59. Query Types
Query Type 6
• List all the attributes that have a specified value for all entities.
• Query Notation
• All A (V, all E)
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60. all A (V, all E)
Query Type 6 – List all the years for which earnings exceeded $40,000 for
all employees in the company.
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61. Building More Complex Queries
• Arithmetic operations are performed first
• Exponentiation
• Either multiplication or division
• Addition or subtraction
• Comparative operations are performed
• GT, LT , and others
• Boolean operations are performed
• AND and OR
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62. Query Methods
• Query By Example (QBE)
– The database fields are selected and displayed in a grid, and
requested query values are either entered in the field area or below
the field.
• Structured Query Language (SQL)
– uses a series of words and commands to select the rows and
columns that should be displayed in the resulting table.
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