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HCI

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Saqib Shehzad

The document discusses principles of user interface design for information and communication technologies. It describes reasons for using cognitive models to understand how users interact with systems. Some key design principles are discussed like visibility, feedback, and consistency. Conceptual models aim to keep interfaces simple and map concepts to users' existing knowledge through metaphors. Direct manipulation is presented as an interaction style that allows users to directly act on interface objects, bridging the gulf of execution and evaluation. Advantages of direct manipulation include being easy to learn while disadvantages include difficulties in programming and suitability for small displays.

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Information and Communication Technologies(ICT) Principles and Perspectives Lecture 7
Case Study • ABCbookshop.com • Discussing points raised in previous lectures w.r.t this website
Design for use • Use vs functionality • Design not for a single user • Social, environmental, cultural, psychological factors • Linguistics
Reasons for using cognitive models 1. Understand what is going on when users use system 2. Predict how users will behave 3. Identify & explain problems 4. Provide knowledge what use can or cannot be expected to do 5. Take advantage of particular aspects of user skills and abilities
Design Principles • Visibility • Feedback • Constraint • Consistency • Affordance Tradeoff
Conceptual Model • A high-level description of how a system is organized and operates. What people can do with a product and what concepts are required to understand how to interact with it? • Goals • Keep it simple as much as possible • Few or No concept from outside of task domain
Core Components of Conceptual Model • Metaphors and analogies • Concepts exposed through product • Relationships between these concepts • Mapping between these concepts
Interface Metaphor • An Interface metaphor is a set of user interface visuals, actions and procedures that exploit specific knowledge that users already have of other domains. • Examples • Folders • Bin (Recycle Bin) • Shopping cart
Benefits of Interface metaphor • Makes learning new systems easier • Helps users understand the underlying conceptual model • Can be very innovative and enable the realm of computers and their applications to be made more accessible to a greater diversity of users
Input & Output Technologies • Input: the process that occurs as information from inside the user’s head or from the environment is transformed into the sort of data that computers can use • Output: the process of re-representing computer data into a form that the user can comprehend and make use of.
Interaction Styles • all the ways the user can communicate or otherwise interact with the computer system 1. Command Language 2. Menu Selection 3. Form fill-in 4. Natural Language 5. Direct Manipulation
Direct manipulation • Visibility of objects of interests • Rapid , reversible incremental actions performed directly on them • Replacement of complex command language by direct manipulation object of interest • Direct manipulation tries to bridge gulf of execution and evaluation
Direct Manipulation (Advantages) • Visually presents task concepts. • Easy to learn. • Errors can be avoided more easily. • Encourages exploration. • High subjective satisfaction. • Recognition memory (as opposed to cued or free recall memory)
Direct Manipulation (Disadvantages) • May be more difficult to program • Not suitable for small graphic displays. • Spatial and visual representation is not always preferable. • Metaphors can be misleading since the essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another • Compact notations may better suit expert users
Direct Manipulation

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HCI

  • 2. Case Study • ABCbookshop.com • Discussing points raised in previous lectures w.r.t this website
  • 3. Design for use • Use vs functionality • Design not for a single user • Social, environmental, cultural, psychological factors • Linguistics
  • 4. Reasons for using cognitive models 1. Understand what is going on when users use system 2. Predict how users will behave 3. Identify & explain problems 4. Provide knowledge what use can or cannot be expected to do 5. Take advantage of particular aspects of user skills and abilities
  • 5. Design Principles • Visibility • Feedback • Constraint • Consistency • Affordance Tradeoff
  • 6. Conceptual Model • A high-level description of how a system is organized and operates. What people can do with a product and what concepts are required to understand how to interact with it? • Goals • Keep it simple as much as possible • Few or No concept from outside of task domain
  • 7. Core Components of Conceptual Model • Metaphors and analogies • Concepts exposed through product • Relationships between these concepts • Mapping between these concepts
  • 8. Interface Metaphor • An Interface metaphor is a set of user interface visuals, actions and procedures that exploit specific knowledge that users already have of other domains. • Examples • Folders • Bin (Recycle Bin) • Shopping cart
  • 9. Benefits of Interface metaphor • Makes learning new systems easier • Helps users understand the underlying conceptual model • Can be very innovative and enable the realm of computers and their applications to be made more accessible to a greater diversity of users
  • 10. Input & Output Technologies • Input: the process that occurs as information from inside the user’s head or from the environment is transformed into the sort of data that computers can use • Output: the process of re-representing computer data into a form that the user can comprehend and make use of.
  • 11. Interaction Styles • all the ways the user can communicate or otherwise interact with the computer system 1. Command Language 2. Menu Selection 3. Form fill-in 4. Natural Language 5. Direct Manipulation
  • 12. Direct manipulation • Visibility of objects of interests • Rapid , reversible incremental actions performed directly on them • Replacement of complex command language by direct manipulation object of interest • Direct manipulation tries to bridge gulf of execution and evaluation
  • 13. Direct Manipulation (Advantages) • Visually presents task concepts. • Easy to learn. • Errors can be avoided more easily. • Encourages exploration. • High subjective satisfaction. • Recognition memory (as opposed to cued or free recall memory)
  • 14. Direct Manipulation (Disadvantages) • May be more difficult to program • Not suitable for small graphic displays. • Spatial and visual representation is not always preferable. • Metaphors can be misleading since the essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another • Compact notations may better suit expert users

Editor's Notes

  1. http://boxesandarrows.com/conceptual-models-in-a-nutshell/