Making Sense of Information Through Planetary Scale Computing
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Larry Smarr discusses how planetary-scale computing and high-speed networks enable data-intensive research through optical portals. This infrastructure allows remote visualization and analysis of large datasets across multiple sites in real-time. Examples include viewing microbial genomes, cosmological simulations, and remote instrument control. The infrastructure also aims to reduce carbon emissions through more efficient computing.
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Making Sense of Information Through Planetary Scale Computing
- 1. Making Sense of Information Through Planetary Scale Computing Invited Presentation to the Diamond Exchange—Brave New World Monterey, CA March 1, 2009 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
- 2. Data Mining a Decade Ago - NCSA Industrial Partner Projects Caterpillar Effluent Quality Control Smart Selling Warranty Claims Analysis Customer Value Analysis Ford Product Compatibility Harshness, Noise, Vibration Marketing Sears Transaction Management Boeing Post-Flight Diagnostics Allstate Medical Claims Financial Impact May Be Greater Than $30 Million Slide from NCSA 1998
- 3. JP Morgan Hero Risk Management Calculation Using NCSA Supercomputer Extended JPM's Risk Management Capabilities After Southeast Asia Meltdown Two Week Period in January 1998 NCSA and SGI Doubled Memory in a Week Hundreds of Market Scenarios Simulated HPC Strategic Business Analysis Calculations Used 128-Processor SGI Origin NCSA, Strategic Vendor (SGI), Industrial Partner (JPM) Existing Relationships Facilitated Quick Startup Win-Win-Win Result Andrew Abrahams, Jeff Saltz, JP Morgan Slide from NCSA 1998
- 4. NCSA / Allstate NT Cluster Data Refinery Terabyte “ Smart Bucket” Source: Allstate & Tilt Thompkins, NCSA CompaqNT Server External Networks CompaqNT Server 1000 Gigabytes of Allstate Claims Data Data Mine on Cleaned Gigabyte Samples NCSA 1998 Visualization Stations Parallel Compute Cluster
- 5. Academic Research “OptIPlatform” Cyberinfrastructure: A 10,000 Mbps (10Gbps) Lightpath Cloud National LambdaRail Campus Optical Switch Data Repositories & Clusters HPC HD/4k Video Images HD/4k Video Cams End User OptIPortal 10G Lightpath HD/4k Telepresence Instruments
- 6. Two New Calit2 Buildings Provide Laboratories for “Living in the Future” “ Convergence” Laboratory Facilities Nanotech, BioMEMS, Chips, Radio, Photonics Virtual Reality, Digital Cinema, HDTV, Gaming Over 1000 Researchers in Two Buildings Linked via Dedicated Optical Networks UC San Diego www.calit2.net Over 400 Federal Grants, 200 Companies
- 7. The Calit2 OptIPortals at UCSD and UCI Are Now a 2 Gbit/s HD Collaboratory Calit2@ UCSD wall NASA Ames Visit Feb. 29, 2008 UCSD cluster: 15 x Quad core Dell XPS with Dual nVIDIA 5600s UCI cluster: 25 x Dual Core Apple G5 Calit2@ UCI wall
- 8. Data Transmission: From Shared Internet to Dedicated Lightpaths
- 9. The Shared Internet is Fine for Email and Web - But It is Not Adequate for Data-Intensive Research Measured Bandwidth from User Computer to Stanford Gigabit Server in Megabits/sec http://netspeed.stanford.edu/ Computers In: Australia Canada Czech Rep. India Japan Korea Mexico Moorea Netherlands Poland Taiwan United States Data Intensive Sciences Require Fast Predictable Bandwidth UCSD Source: Larry Smarr and Friends Stanford Server Limit 100-1000x Normal Internet! Time to Move a Terabyte 10 Days 12 Minutes “ Broadband Internet”
- 10. Dedicated Optical Fiber Channels Makes High Performance Cyberinfrastructure Possible (WDM) WDM Enables 10Gbps Shared Internet on One Lambda and a Personal 10Gbps Lambda on the Same Fiber!
- 11. Dedicated 10Gbps Lightpaths Tie Together State and Regional Fiber Infrastructure NLR 40 x 10Gb Wavelengths Expanding with Darkstrand to 80 Interconnects Two Dozen State and Regional Optical Networks Internet2 Dynamic Circuit Network Is Now Available
- 12. The OptIPuter Creates an OptIPlanet Collaboratory: Enabling Data-Intensive e-Research www.evl.uic.edu/cavern/sage “ OptIPlanet: The OptIPuter Global Collaboratory” – Special Section of Future Generations Computer Systems, Volume 25, Issue 2, February 2009 Calit2 (UCSD, UCI), SDSC, and UIC Leads—Larry Smarr PI Univ. Partners: NCSA, USC, SDSU, NW, TA&M, UvA, SARA, KISTI, AIST Industry: IBM, Sun, Telcordia, Chiaro, Calient, Glimmerglass, Lucent
- 13. Data Portals: From User Analysis on PCs to OptIPortals
- 14. The Rapid Growth in Scalable Visualization ORNL 35Mpixel EVEREST 2004 1999 LLNL 20 Mpixel Wall NCSA 4 MPixel NSF Alliance PowerWall TACC 307 Mpixel Stallion NSF TeraGrid 1997 1999 2004 2005 Calit2@UCI 200 Mpixel HiPerWall NSF MRI EVL 100 Mpixel LambdaVision NSF MRI 2008 A Decade of NSF Investment Two Orders of Magnitude Growth!
- 15. My OptIPortal TM – Affordable Termination Device for the OptIPuter Global Backplane 20 Dual CPU Nodes, 20 24” Monitors, ~$50,000 1/4 Teraflop, 5 Terabyte Storage, 45 Mega Pixels--Nice PC! Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment ( SAGE) Jason Leigh, EVL-UIC Source: Phil Papadopoulos SDSC, Calit2
- 16. Visual Analytics--Use of Tiled Display Wall OptIPortal to Interactively View Microbial Genome (5 Million Bases) Acidobacteria bacterium Ellin345 Soil Bacterium 5.6 Mb; ~5000 Genes Source: Raj Singh, UCSD
- 17. Use of Tiled Display Wall OptIPortal to Interactively View Microbial Genome Source: Raj Singh, UCSD
- 18. Use of Tiled Display Wall OptIPortal to Interactively View Microbial Genome Source: Raj Singh, UCSD
- 19. OptIPortals Scale to 1/3 Billion Pixels Enabling Viewing of Very Large Images or Many Simultaneous Images Spitzer Space Telescope (Infrared) Source: Falko Kuester, Calit2@UCSD NASA Earth Satellite Images Bushfires October 2007 San Diego
- 20. Calit2/EVL Varrier -- 60 Screen Panorama OptIPortal Dan Sandin, Greg Dawe, Tom Peterka, Tom DeFanti, Jason Leigh, Jinghua Ge, Javier Girado, Bob Kooima, Todd Margolis, Lance Long, Alan Verlo, Maxine Brown, Jurgen Schulze, Qian Liu, Ian Kaufman, Bryan Glogowski Mars Rendered at 46,000 x 23,000 pixels 360 Degree Mars Landscape Rover Spirit at McMurdo 2006 16384 by 4096 pixels Photo: Amy Bennion
- 21. Calit2 3D Immersive StarCAVE OptIPortal: Enables Exploration of High Resolution Simulations Cluster with 30 Nvidia 5600 cards-60 GB Texture Memory Source: Tom DeFanti, Greg Dawe, Calit2 Connected at 50 Gb/s to Quartzite 30 HD Projectors! 15 Meyer Sound Speakers + Subwoofer Passive Polarization-- Optimized the Polarization Separation and Minimized Attenuation
- 22. Calit2 VirtuLab- Our Visual Skunkworks Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2 Autostereo 4k VTC 3D TV 4k on OptIPortal
- 23. Analyzing Very Large Data Sets Remotely
- 24. Pattern Recognition Out of Massive Amounts of Cultural Data Software Studies Initiative, Calti2@UCSD Interface Designs for Cultural Analytics Research Environment Jeremy Douglass (top) & Lev Manovich (bottom) Second Annual Meeting of the Humanities, Arts, Science, and Technology Advanced Collaboratory (HASTAC II) UC Irvine May 23, 2008 [email_address] 200 Mpixel HIPerWall
- 25. Interactive Analysis of Time Evolving Cubes of Data: Cosmological Supercomputer Simulations Two 64K Images From a Cosmological Simulation of Galaxy Cluster Formation Mike Norman, SDSC October 10, 2008 log of gas temperature log of gas density
- 26. The New Science of Metagenomics “ The emerging field of metagenomics, where the DNA of entire communities of microbes is studied simultaneously, presents the greatest opportunity -- perhaps since the invention of the microscope – to revolutionize understanding of the microbial world.” – National Research Council March 27, 2007 NRC Report: Metagenomic data should be made publicly available in international archives as rapidly as possible.
- 27. Calit2 Microbial Metagenomics Cluster- Next Generation Optically Linked Science Data Server 512 Processors ~5 Teraflops ~ 200 Terabytes Storage 1GbE and 10GbE Switched / Routed Core ~200TB Sun X4500 Storage 10GbE Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC, Calit2
- 28. CAMERA’s Global Microbial Metagenomics CyberCommunity Nearly 2500 Registered Users From 55 Countries
- 29. OptIPuter Persistent Infrastructure Enables Calit2 and U Washington CAMERA Collaboratory Ginger Armbrust’s Diatoms: Micrographs, Chromosomes, Genetic Assembly Photo Credit: Alan Decker Feb. 29, 2008 iHDTV: 1500 Mbits/sec Calit2 to UW Research Channel Over NLR
- 30. Telepresence Meeting Using Digital Cinema 4k Streams Lays Technical Basis for Global Digital Cinema Sony NTT SGI Streaming 4k with JPEG 2000 Compression ½ Gbit/sec 100 Times the Resolution of YouTube! Calit2@UCSD Auditorium 4k = 4000x2000 Pixels = 4xHD Keio University President Anzai UCSD Chancellor Fox
- 31. Rendering Supercomputer Data at Digital Cinema Resolution Source: Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, Bob Wilhelmson, NCSA
- 32. Cisco CWave for CineGrid: A New Cyberinfrastructure for High Resolution Media Streaming* Equinix 818 W. 7th St. Los Angeles PacificWave 1000 Denny Way (Westin Bldg.) Seattle Level3 1360 Kifer Rd. Sunnyvale StarLight Northwestern Univ Chicago Calit2 San Diego McLean CENIC Wave Cisco Has Built 10 GigE Waves on CENIC, PW, & NLR and Installed Large 6506 Switches for Access Points in San Diego, Los Angeles, Sunnyvale, Seattle, Chicago and McLean for CineGrid Members Some of These Points are also GLIF GOLEs Source: John (JJ) Jamison, Cisco May 2007 * 2007 CWave core PoP 10GE waves on NLR and CENIC (LA to SD)
- 33. Open Cloud OptIPuter Testbed--Manage and Compute Large Datasets Over 10Gbps Lambdas HW Phase 1 (2008) 4 racks 120 Nodes 480 Cores 10+ Gb/s WAN Open Source SW Hadoop Sector/Sphere Thrift, GPB Eucalyptus B enchmarks Phase 2 (2009) will add additional racks to current sites and increase number of sites Source: Robert Grossman, UIC NLR C-Wave MREN CENIC Dragon
- 34. Terasort on Open Cloud Testbed Sorting 10 Billion Records (1.2 TB) at 4 Sites (120 Nodes) Sustaining >5 Gbps--Only 5% Distance Penalty
- 35. OpenCloud Testbed Wins Against All Comers! Supercomputing 2008
- 36. Cyberinfrastructure Integration: Integration of Data Generators, Transmission, and Portals
- 37. Just in Time OptIPlanet Collaboratory: Live Session with NASA Ames from Calit2 Source: Falko Kuester, Calit2; Michael Sims, NASA View from NASA Ames Lunar Science Institute Mountain View, CA Virtual Handshake HD compressed 6:1 From Start to This Image in Less Than 2 Weeks! Visit Yesterday by JPL’s Firouz Naderi Feb 19, 2009
- 38. Remote Control of Scientific Instruments: Live Session with JPL and Mars Rover from Calit2 Source: Falko Kuester, Calit2; Michael Sims, NASA September 17, 2008
- 39. EVL’s SAGE OptIPortal VisualCasting Multi-Site OptIPuter Collaboratory CENIC CalREN-XD Workshop Sept. 15, 2008 EVL-UI Chicago U Michigan Streaming 4k Source: Jason Leigh, Luc Renambot, EVL, UI Chicago At Supercomputing 2008 Austin, Texas November, 2008 SC08 Bandwidth Challenge Entry Requires 10 Gbps Lightpath to Each Site Total Aggregate VisualCasting Bandwidth for Nov. 18, 2008 Sustained 10,000-20,000 Mbps!
- 40. U Michigan Virtual Space Interaction Testbed (VISIT) Instrumenting OptIPortals for Social Science Research Using Cameras Embedded in the Seams of Tiled Displays and Computer Vision Techniques, we can Understand how People Interact with OptIPortals Classify Attention, Expression, Gaze Initial Implementation Based on Attention Interaction Design Toolkit (J. Lee, MIT) Close to Producing Usable Eye/Nose Tracking Data using OpenCV Source: Erik Hofer, UMich, School of Information Leading U.S. Researchers on the Social Aspects of Collaboration
- 41. The Green IT Challenge
- 42. The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the Climate-Tipping V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Additional Warming over 1750 Level 90% of the Additional 1.6 Degree Warming Will Occur in the 21 st Century
- 43. The IPCC Recommends a 25-40% Reduction Below 1990 Levels by 2020 On September 27, 2006, Governor Schwarzenegger signed California the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 Assembly Bill 32 (AB32) Requires Reduction of GHG by 2020 to 1990 Levels 15% Reduction from 2008 Levels 4 Tons of CO 2 -equiv. for Every Person in California The European Union Requires Reduction of GHG by 2020 to 20% Below 1990 Levels (12/12/2008) Australia has Pledged to Cut by 2020 its GHG Emissions 5% from 2000 Levels via the World's Broadest Cap &Trade Scheme (12/15/08) [~5% Below 1990 Levels] Neither the U.S. or Canada has an Official Target Yet President Elect Obama Has Endorsed the AB32 2020 Goal
- 44. ICT is a Critical Element in Achieving Countries Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets Applications of ICT could enable emissions reductions of 7.8 Gt CO 2 e in 2020, or 15% of business as usual emissions. But it must keep its own growing footprint in check and overcome a number of hurdles if it expects to deliver on this potential. www.smart2020.org
- 45. The Global ICT Carbon Footprint Roughly the Same as the Aviation Industry Today www.smart2020.org
- 46. ICT Industry is Already Acting to Reduce Carbon Footprint
- 47. Electricity Usage by U.S. Data Centers: Emission Reductions are Underway Source: Silicon Valley Leadership Group Report July 29, 2008 https://microsite.accenture.com/svlgreport/Documents/pdf/SVLG_Report.pdf
- 48. The UCSD GreenLight Project: Instrumenting the Energy Cost of Computational Science Focus on 5 Communities with At-Scale Computing Needs: Metagenomics Ocean Observing Microscopy Bioinformatics Digital Media Measure, Monitor, & Web Publish Real-Time Sensor Outputs Instrument Eight Racks of Compute, Storage, Routers Outputs Available Via Service-oriented Architectures Allow Researchers Anywhere To Study Computing Energy Cost Develop Middleware that Automates Optimal Choice of Compute/RAM Power Strategies for Desired Greenness Partnering With Minority-Serving Institutions Cyberinfrastructure Empowerment Coalition Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI
- 49. Application of ICT Can Lead to a 5-Fold Greater Decrease in GHGs Than its Own Carbon Footprint Major Opportunities for the United States* Smart Electrical Grids Smart Transportation Systems Smart Buildings Virtual Meetings * Smart 2020 United States Report Addendum www.smart2020.org While the sector plans to significantly step up the energy efficiency of its products and services, ICT’s largest influence will be by enabling energy efficiencies in other sectors, an opportunity that could deliver carbon savings five times larger than the total emissions from the entire ICT sector in 2020. --Smart 2020 Report
- 50. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in California by Source 2006
- 51. UCSD is Installing Zero Carbon Emission Solar and Fuel Cell DC Electricity Generators San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant Produces Waste Methane UCSD 2.8 Megawatt Fuel Cell Power Plant Uses Methane 2 Megawatts of Solar Power Cells Being Installed Available Late 2009
- 52. Launch of ZEVnet Fleet of Wireless Cars-- First Calit2 Testbed for Intelligent Transportation April 18, 2002 Irvine, CA www.zevnet.org
- 53. Reducing Traffic Congestion: Calit2 California Peer-to -Peer Wireless Traffic Report Citizen to Citizen Accident Reports Real-Time Freeway Speeds “ Leave Now” Paging Services San Diego (866) 500 0977 LA & OC (888) 9 CALIT2 Bay Area (888) 4 CALIT2 http://traffic.calit2.net Source: Ganz Chockalingam, Calit2 20,000+ Users > 1000 Calls Per Day
- 54. Using High Definition to Link the Calit2 Buildings: Living Greener June 2, 2008 LifeSize System
- 55. UCSD is Becoming a “Living Laboratory of the Green Future www.gogreentube.com/watch.php?v=NDc4OTQ1
- 56. International Symposia on Green ICT [email_address]
- 57. Electricity Usage Per Capita California vs. U.S. 50% Increase!
- 58. California Energy Savings from Efficiency Programs and Standards
- 59. Decoupling Economic Growth From Greenhouse Gas Emissions—the California Story
- 60. Toward a Zero Carbon Economy Carbon Emissions/$GDP
- 61. “ It Will Be the Biggest Single Peacetime Project Humankind Will Have Ever Undertaken”
Editor's Notes
- This is a production cluster with it’s own Force10 e1200 switch. It is connected to quartzite and is labeled as the “CAMERA Force10 E1200”. We built CAMERA this way because of technology deployed successfully in Quartzite