How Class Data Sharing Can Speed up Your Jakarta EE Application Startup

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Java Byte code is OS independent, which means that your application's startup takes more time than a native image. Using the Class Data Sharing functionality introduced in more recent versions of the JVM, you can prepare your application so that it will load very fast. In this presentation, I'll go into more detail what Class Data Sharing is and the differences between the OpenJDK and OpenJ9 versions. With some Jakarta EE demo applications, you will see gains that you can achieve and reduce memory footprint a lot in Docker containers by sharing memory.

How Class Data Sharing Can
Speed up Your Jakarta EE
Application Startup
Rudy De Busscher

How Class Data Sharing Can Speed up Your Jakarta EE Application Startup

Rudy De Busscher
• Payara
• Technical Sales
• Developer Advocate
• Involved in
• Committer of MicroProﬁle
• Committer in Eclipse EE4J groups
• Java EE Security API Expert group member
@rdebusscher
https://blog.payara.ﬁsh/
https://www.atbash.be

Agenda
• JVM internals related to Class
• Why fast startup important?
• Class Data Sharing
• Basics
• Demos
• Conclusion

Using a class
• new MyClass();
• Load Java Byte code (through the Classloader)
• Verification of Byte code
• Class file derivation (can result in IncompatibleClassChangeError)
• Preparation (~ variable initialisation)
• Resolution (resolve symbolic references)
• Interpreter uses code

Improvements?
• Can we improve this?
1. —noverify option
• Opens door for malicious byte code.
2. Native compilation
• Slow
• Lower peak performance
• Obscurity with reflection
• No JVTMI, Java Agents, …
3. Class Data Sharing - CDS

Why Fast Startup Important?
• Large surge in requests
• React fast
• Avoid refused connection during scale up.
• (Not cold startup problem with serverless)

Class Data Sharing - CDS
• Load, verify, derive
• Perform upfront
• Store info in memory mapped read-only file
• Loading class is much faster
• Memory requirements are lower (can be shared)
• Hello world -> 437 classes
• Payara Micro -> 15.000 classes

appCDS
• CDS
• JVM classes only (~ rt.jar)
• AppCDS
• Including your class-path

Using CDS
• OpenJDK
• -XX:DumpLoadedClassList=
• -XX:SharedArchiveFile=
• -XX:share:dump|on
• OpenJ9
• -Xshareclasses

Gain
• OpenJDK
• OpenJ9
Startup Time Memory
Plain 8,2 sec 49,8 Mb
CDS 5,2 sec 49,5 Mb
Startup Time Memory
Plain 7,9 sec 45.4 Mb
CDS 5,1 sec 42,9 Mb
35%

Docker images
• Several steps required
• Multi stage Docker file
• Shared Archive file can be in Image
• Layer is reused
• Shared Archive file can be outside
• On a volume
• Extra step in build or use podman build

“Pitfalls”
• Class path issues
• Classpath must be identical when using CDS than when CDS is
prepared
• Dynamic proxies can’t be used
• Pre 1.6 class formatted files can’t be used.
• Investigate issues -> -Xlog:load+class
• Shared Archive file is version and OS dependent

We’ll Support You With:
Let us help you spread the word about our open source software. Join the Reef!
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• Freebies, swag, handouts, speakers
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• Community forum
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