IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
HIERARCHICAL DESIGN BASED INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS AD HOC SENS...IJNSA Journal
In recent years, wireless ad hoc sensor network becomes popular both in civil and military jobs. However, security is one of the significant challenges for sensor network because of their deployment in open and unprotected environment. As cryptographic mechanism is not enough to protect sensor network from external attacks, intrusion detection system needs to be introduced. Though intrusion prevention mechanism is one of the major and efficient methods against attacks, but there might be some attacks for which prevention method is not known. Besides preventing the system from some known attacks, intrusion detection system gather necessary information related to attack technique and help in the development of intrusion prevention system. In addition to reviewing the present attacks available in wireless sensor network this paper examines the current efforts to intrusion detection
system against wireless sensor network. In this paper we propose a hierarchical architectural design based intrusion detection system that fits the current demands and restrictions of wireless ad hoc sensor network. In this proposed intrusion detection system architecture we followed clustering mechanism to build a four level hierarchical network which enhances network scalability to large geographical area and use both anomaly and misuse detection techniques for intrusion detection. We introduce policy based detection mechanism as well as intrusion response together with GSM cell concept for intrusion detection architecture.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An intranet is a private computer network within an organization that uses internet protocols for communication. It allows communication internally through leased lines rather than the public internet for security purposes. A firewall protects the intranet from outside intrusion and comes in three main types: packet filters that accept or reject packets based on rules, application gateways that apply security to specific apps like FTP, and circuit gateways that apply security at the connection level.
This document provides background information on the history and importance of network security. It discusses how the advent of the internet led to security becoming a major concern, as the internet's architecture allowed for many security threats. The document outlines the internet and network security timeline, from the creation of the ARPANET in 1969 to the crimes of Kevin Mitnick in the 1990s that heightened awareness of information security. It also examines the differences between data security and network security, and how a layered security model corresponds to the OSI model layers.
This document discusses security issues related to wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and an overview of security challenges due to limited sensor node capabilities. It then summarizes common attacks on different layers of wireless sensor networks and discusses security objectives. The document outlines key areas of research on sensor network security including key management, secure time synchronization, and secure routing. It provides details on different key management schemes, time synchronization protocols, and discusses vulnerabilities of existing synchronization schemes to various attacks.
This document summarizes security issues and threats related to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks deployed in hostile environments are vulnerable to attacks due to resource limitations. Common attacks include falsifying data, extracting private information, compromising network readings, and denial of service attacks. The document also analyzes security requirements at the link layer, including access control, message integrity, confidentiality, and discusses specific attacks like selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, and HELLO flooding.
This document discusses security threats and attacks in wireless ad hoc networks. It begins by introducing ad hoc networks and some of the challenges in providing security in these networks due to their dynamic nature and lack of centralized authority. It then categorizes attacks as either passive or active, with passive attacks including eavesdropping and traffic analysis, and active attacks including masquerading, replay attacks, message modification, and denial-of-service attacks. The document reviews several security requirements and proposes hashing techniques as a potential solution to help secure routing protocols against various attacks. Specifically, it suggests using hash functions and hash chains to authenticate routing information and detect unauthorized modifications. The goal is to develop an efficient security approach that addresses issues like authentication, integrity
This document summarizes security schemes for wireless sensor networks, including TinySec, IEEE 802.15.4, and others. It discusses the challenges of WSNs like power constraints and limited resources. It also outlines common security threats to WSNs such as denial of service attacks, attacks on information in transit, Sybil attacks, black hole/sinkhole attacks, and hello flood attacks. The document evaluates the feasibility of applying basic security schemes like cryptography and steganography to WSNs given their unique constraints and requirements.
Wireless Sensor Network: Internet Model Layer Based Security Attacks and thei...IRJET Journal
The document discusses security attacks on wireless sensor networks, describing various types of attacks like jamming, impersonation, replay attacks, and denial of service attacks that can occur at different layers of the network. It analyzes key security objectives for wireless sensor networks like availability, authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. The document also outlines the architecture of wireless sensor networks, including the five layers of the OSI model and three cross-layer planes, and components of sensor nodes.
Overview on security and privacy issues in wireless sensor networks-2014Tarek Gaber
Lecture Outlines
Why Security is Important for WSN
WSNs have many applications e.g.:
military, homeland security
assessing disaster zones
Others.
This means that such sensor networks have mission-critical tasks.
Security is crucial for such WSNs deployed in these hostile environments.
Why Security is Important for WSN
Moreover, wireless communication employed by WSN facilitates
eavesdropping and
packet injection by an adversary.
These mentioned factors require security for WSN during the design stage to ensure operation safety, secrecy of sensitive data, and privacy for people in sensor environments.
Algorithms to achieve security services
Symmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption
Hash Function/Algorithm
Digital Signature
Why Security is Complex in WSN
Because of WSNs Characteristics:
Anti-jamming and physical temper proofing are impossible
greater design complexity and energy consumption
Denial-of-service (DoS) attack is difficult
Sensor node constraints
Sensor nodes are susceptible to physical capture
Deploying in hostile environment.
eavesdropping and injecting malicious message are easy
Using wireless communication
Why Security is Complex in WSN
Because of WSNs Characteristics:
maximization of security level is challenging
Resource consumption
asymmetric cryptography is often too expensive
Node constraints
centralized security solutions are big issue
no central control and constraints, e.g. small memory capacity.
Cost Issues
Overall cost of WSN should be as low as possible.
Typical Attacks to WSN
Physical Attacks
Environmental
Permanently destroy the node, e.g., crashing or stealing a node.
Attacks at the Physical Layer
Jamming: transmission of a radio signal to interfere with WSN radio frequencies.
Constant jamming: No message are able to be sent or received.
Intermittent jamming: Nodes are able to exchange messages periodically
Jamming Attack Countermeasure
Physical Attacks
Node Capture Attacks
routing functionalities
Countermeasure
tamper-proof features
Expensive solution
Self-Protection
disable device when attack detected
Attacks on Routing
Sinkhole attack
attacker tries to attract the traffic from a particular region through it
Solution:
Watchdog Nodes can start to trace the source of false routing information
Attacks on Routing
Sybil attack (Identity Spoofing)
attacker claims to have multiple identities or locations
provide wrong information for routing to launch false routing attacks
Solutions:
Misbehavior Detection.
Identity Protection
Privacy Attacks
Attempts to obtain sensitive information collected and communicated in WSNs
Eavesdropping
made easy by broadcast nature of wireless networks
Traffic analysis
used to identify sensor nodes of interest (data of interest),
WSN Privacy Issues Cont.
WSN Privacy Issues Attack
Trust and reputation in WSN
WSN Traditional Security Techniques
Cryptographic primitive
Attacks and counterattacks on wireless sensor networksijasuc
WSN is formed by autonomous nodes with partial memory, communication range, power, and bandwidth.
Their occupation depends on inspecting corporal and environmental conditions and communing through a
system and performing data processing. The application field is vast, comprising military, ecology,
healthcare, home or commercial and require a highly secured communication. The paper analyses different
types of attacks and counterattacks and provides solutions for the WSN threats.
This document discusses firewalls and their types. It begins by explaining that firewalls protect networks by guarding entry points and are becoming more sophisticated. It then defines a firewall as a network security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on rules. The document outlines different generations of firewalls and describes four main types: packet filtering, stateful packet inspection, application gateways/proxies, and circuit-level gateways. It details the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of each type. Finally, it emphasizes that networks are still at risk of attacks and that firewalls have become ubiquitous, so choosing the right solution depends on needs, policies, resources.
A firewall manages secure network traffic flow between trusted and untrusted networks. It monitors traffic and acts as a barrier. Firewalls differ from antivirus software which protects against internal threats rather than external network attacks. Firewall types include packet filtering, stateful inspection, proxy, and next generation firewalls. A firewall's functions are to securely allow authorized network traffic while restricting unauthorized access and monitoring all network activity.
Security Issues & Challenging Attributes in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET)IRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues and challenges in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an introduction to MANETs and their key features. It then discusses different types of security attacks on MANETs, including active attacks like black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and flooding attacks. It also covers passive attacks like eavesdropping. It analyzes security threats at different layers of the OSI model. Some of the major security challenges in MANETs are the lack of centralized monitoring, dynamic network topology, and limited resources. The document concludes that security is a major concern for applications using MANETs and more work is needed to develop efficient security algorithms for these networks.
Security in MANET based on PKI using fuzzy functionIOSR Journals
This document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and proposes a security model based on public key infrastructure (PKI) using fuzzy logic. Specifically, it first provides background on MANETs and discusses their key characteristics and security challenges due to their dynamic topology and lack of infrastructure. It then introduces the concept of using PKI and asymmetric encryption with public/private key pairs to distribute session keys between nodes. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate length of session keys based on discrimination of different attack types on the network. Experimental results show that the fuzzy-based security approach can enhance MANET security.
A firewall is a network security device that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of security rules. It protects internal networks from unauthorized external access. There are three main types of firewalls: network layer firewalls that filter traffic at the IP level, application layer firewalls that filter traffic by application, and proxy firewalls that intercept traffic and act as an intermediary. Firewalls use packet filtering, proxy services, or stateful inspection to screen traffic and enforce the security policy of an organization. They help control access between networks with different trust levels, such as between the highly trusted internal network and the less trusted internet.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses using a static var compensator (SVC) to improve power system stability in a long transmission line system. It describes how SVCs can effectively control dynamic performance and regulate system voltage. The document presents a MATLAB model of a two-area power system with an SVC installed. Simulation results show that the SVC improves transient stability by reducing rotor angle differences and regulating real and reactive power flows. In conclusion, properly modeling SVC controllers can provide benefits for power system stability studies.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) The document proposes a wireless sensor network framework for real-time forest fire detection and monitoring using sensor nodes to measure temperature, humidity, and flammable gases.
2) The sensor nodes transmit the collected environmental data via Bluetooth modules to a monitoring host computer for analysis and early detection of potential forest fires.
3) The system is intended to address the shortcomings of traditional forest fire monitoring approaches and easily forecast fires before they spread uncontrollably through continuous remote monitoring of factors that influence fire risk.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This study investigated the impact of Facebook usage on the academic performance of undergraduate students at Irbid National University in Jordan. A survey was conducted of 480 undergraduate students. The key findings were:
1) 77% of students reported having a Facebook account. Males spent more time on Facebook than females.
2) There was a significant negative correlation between time spent on Facebook and student academic performance as measured by GPA. Students who spent less time on Facebook had higher GPAs.
3) A significant relationship was found between gender and Facebook usage/number of friends, with males having more Facebook friends and using Facebook more than females.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
[PT] trendwatching.com’s MI CASA ES TU CASATrendWatching
Muitos dos consumidores que recentemente adquiriram poder (não apenas econômico, mas também tecnológico, social e político) nas Américas do Sul e Central* consideram o materialismo desenfreado como algo um tanto insatisfatório – se não totalmente egoísta – quando a sociedade continua acometida pela insegurança e pela desigualdade**.
E é por isso que um número muito maior de consumidores na região irá adotar a tendência MI CASA ES TU CASA e e dar apoio entusiasmado a marcas que não fecham os olhos para a desigualdade social e (melhor ainda) oferecem aos consumidores a chance de fazer o seu papel para solucionar os problemas sociais.
Se pretende transportar 50 ton/hr de un material sólido de densidad 1700kg/m3 usando un transportador sin fin de 30m de longitud horizontal, elevarlo 5m con una inclinación de 10° y luego elevarlo 30m más con un transportador de cangilones para su almacenamiento. Se debe calcular la potencia necesaria para cada etapa del transporte y proponer dimensiones para el tornillo sinfín y la banda transportadora de un material clase B.
This document discusses firewall vulnerabilities and proposes a new approach to classifying them. It begins by providing background on firewalls and their increasing importance for network security. The document then reviews different types of firewalls and their functions. Next, it categorizes common firewall vulnerabilities according to their nature and the firewall type. Some current approaches for mitigating vulnerabilities are also mentioned. The document concludes by briefly introducing the technique of firewall fingerprinting, which can allow attackers to identify a firewall's properties to exploit known vulnerabilities.
A firewall is a system or set of rules designed to permit or deny computer applications access to networks based on a set of rules. Firewalls can be implemented through software or hardware and work by examining network packets and blocking or allowing passage based on the packet's contents. There are several types of firewalls including network layer, application layer, circuit layer, and stateful multi-layer inspection firewalls. Firewalls help secure private networks from unauthorized access from other networks like the internet.
A firewall is hardware or software that filters network traffic by allowing or denying transmission based on a set of rules to protect networks from unauthorized access. There are two main types - network layer firewalls which filter at the IP address and port level, and application layer firewalls which can filter traffic from specific applications like FTP or HTTP. A DMZ (demilitarized zone) is a physical or logical sub-network exposed to an untrusted network like the internet that contains external-facing services, protected from internal networks by firewalls. Firewalls provide security benefits like restricting access to authorized users and preventing intrusions from untrusted networks.
This document discusses firewalls and intrusion prevention systems. It begins by outlining the need for firewalls due to the evolution of networked systems and increased internet connectivity. It then describes different types of firewalls including packet filtering firewalls, stateful inspection firewalls, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also discusses firewall basing options and configurations such as DMZ networks, VPNs, and distributed firewalls. The document concludes by covering intrusion prevention systems and their host-based, network-based, and distributed implementations.
Lakshmi.S presents information on firewalls including definitions, types, and concepts. A firewall filters internet access to protect private networks. There are software and hardware firewalls. Types include packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls concentrate security, filter unnecessary protocols, hide internal information, and require connections through the firewall. While firewalls improve security, they can hamper some network access and concentrating security in one location means compromising the firewall poses risks.
Whenyour computer isconnected to the Internet, you expose your computer to a variety of potentialthreats. The Internet isdesigned in such a waythat if you have access to the Internet, all other computers on the Internet canconnect to yourcomputer.Thisleavesyouvulnerable to variouscommonattacks. This isespeciallytroubling as severalpopular programs open services on your computer thatallowothers to view files on your computer! Whilethisfunctionalityisexpected, the difficultyisthatsecurityerrors are detectedthatalwaysallow hackers to attackyour computer with the ability to view or destroy sensitive information stored on your computer. To protectyour computer fromsuchattacksyouneed to "teach" your computer to ignore or resistexternaltestingattempts. The commonname for such a program is Firewall. A firewall is software thatcreates a secureenvironmentwhosefunctionis to block or restrictincoming and outgoing information over a network. These firewalls actually do not work and are not suitable for business premises to maintain information securitywhilesupporting free exchange of ideas. Firewall are becoming more and more sophisticated in the day, and new features are beingadded all the time, sothat, despitecriticism and intimidatingdevelopmentmethods, they are still a powerfuldefense. In thispaper, weread a network firewall thathelps the corporateenvironment and other networks thatwant to exchange information over the network. The firewall protects the flow of trafficthrough the internet and limits the amount of external and internal information and provides the internal user with the illusion of anonymous FTP and www online communications.
This document discusses firewalls, including their definition, history, types, and purposes. A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network based on a set of security rules. There are different types of firewalls, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to restrict network access and protect internal systems by only allowing authorized traffic according to a security policy.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document discusses different types of firewalls. It begins by defining a firewall as a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's security policies. It acts as a barrier between an internal network and the public internet, allowing safe traffic in while keeping dangerous traffic out. The document then discusses the history of firewalls and lists several common types, including packet filtering, circuit-level gateway, application-level gateway, stateful inspection, next-generation, software, hardware, and cloud firewalls. It explains that firewalls are important as the network's first line of defense, helping to identify and block threats to decrease risks to the internal network. Specifically, it provides details on how packet filtering
This document discusses evaluating the performance of a DMZ (demilitarized zone) network configuration. It begins with an introduction to DMZs and their purpose of adding an additional layer of network security. It then reviews related work that has evaluated DMZ performance and firewall performance but not specifically DMZ performance. The document aims to explore evaluating DMZ performance using network simulation software. It provides background on common firewall types - packet filtering, stateful inspection, and application-proxy gateways - before discussing ways to test DMZ configurations and analyze the effects on network performance.
Firewalls monitor and filter network traffic based on security policies. There are different types of firewalls that use various methods like packet filtering, application-level gateways, stateful inspection, and more. Firewalls are necessary to protect networks from threats and work by allowing approved traffic while blocking dangerous traffic according to pre-set policies. They defend networks by detecting and responding to malware and other attacks across the entire system.
A Complete Guide To Firewall How To Build A Secure Networking System.pptxBluechipComputerSyst
In today's interconnected world, the value of a secure networking system cannot be overstated. In a digital landscape where businesses
https://www.bluechip-gulf.ae/guide-firewall-build-secure-networking-system/
The document provides an overview of information technology and firewalls. It discusses what a firewall is, the history and types of firewalls, how firewalls work, the need for firewalls, advantages and disadvantages of firewalls, and real-time applications of firewalls. The types of firewalls discussed include packet filtering firewalls, stateful firewalls, application firewalls, and next generation firewalls. Examples are given of how firewalls can protect corporate networks, government organizations, service providers, small enterprises, home networks, and industrial control systems.
Firewalls are hardware or software tools that control access between private networks and public networks like the internet. There are several types of firewalls including packet filtering, circuit-level gateways, application gateways, and stateful multilayer inspection firewalls. Packet filtering firewalls work at the network layer and filter based on packet attributes. Application gateways filter at the application layer using proxies. Stateful multilayer inspection firewalls combine aspects of the other types and track communication sessions. Firewalls provide security benefits like blocking vulnerable services, enforcing access policies, and concentrating security management, but also have disadvantages like potentially limiting network access and concentrating risk.
The document discusses different types of firewalls including hardware and software firewalls, and describes their purposes and functions. It outlines the history of firewalls from their origins in the late 1980s to prevent unauthorized access. The document also defines various firewall techniques like packet filtering, application gateways, and proxy servers; and types such as stateful inspection firewalls, unified threat management firewalls, and next-generation firewalls.
The Ultimate Guide to Network Firewalls_ Everything You Need to Know.pdfCyberPro Magazine
Network firewalls provide multiple layers of security, significantly enhancing your network’s ability to resist cyber threats. They offer comprehensive protection against a wide range of attacks, from simple malware to complex, multi-vector threats.
The document discusses firewalls and their purpose, types, and effects. A firewall is intended to prevent unauthorized traffic from traveling between trusted and untrusted networks, typically between a private network and the public internet. There are three main types of firewalls: packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls can have positive effects like user authentication, but also negative effects such as potential network disruption if the firewall crashes. They also have technical, social, economic, and legal impacts and outcomes. Common firewall software and hardware are then listed.
Fluttercon 2024: Showing that you care about security - OpenSSF Scorecards fo...Chris Swan
Have you noticed the OpenSSF Scorecard badges on the official Dart and Flutter repos? It's Google's way of showing that they care about security. Practices such as pinning dependencies, branch protection, required reviews, continuous integration tests etc. are measured to provide a score and accompanying badge.
You can do the same for your projects, and this presentation will show you how, with an emphasis on the unique challenges that come up when working with Dart and Flutter.
The session will provide a walkthrough of the steps involved in securing a first repository, and then what it takes to repeat that process across an organization with multiple repos. It will also look at the ongoing maintenance involved once scorecards have been implemented, and how aspects of that maintenance can be better automated to minimize toil.
UiPath Community Day Kraków: Devs4Devs ConferenceUiPathCommunity
We are honored to launch and host this event for our UiPath Polish Community, with the help of our partners - Proservartner!
We certainly hope we have managed to spike your interest in the subjects to be presented and the incredible networking opportunities at hand, too!
Check out our proposed agenda below 👇👇
08:30 ☕ Welcome coffee (30')
09:00 Opening note/ Intro to UiPath Community (10')
Cristina Vidu, Global Manager, Marketing Community @UiPath
Dawid Kot, Digital Transformation Lead @Proservartner
09:10 Cloud migration - Proservartner & DOVISTA case study (30')
Marcin Drozdowski, Automation CoE Manager @DOVISTA
Pawel Kamiński, RPA developer @DOVISTA
Mikolaj Zielinski, UiPath MVP, Senior Solutions Engineer @Proservartner
09:40 From bottlenecks to breakthroughs: Citizen Development in action (25')
Pawel Poplawski, Director, Improvement and Automation @McCormick & Company
Michał Cieślak, Senior Manager, Automation Programs @McCormick & Company
10:05 Next-level bots: API integration in UiPath Studio (30')
Mikolaj Zielinski, UiPath MVP, Senior Solutions Engineer @Proservartner
10:35 ☕ Coffee Break (15')
10:50 Document Understanding with my RPA Companion (45')
Ewa Gruszka, Enterprise Sales Specialist, AI & ML @UiPath
11:35 Power up your Robots: GenAI and GPT in REFramework (45')
Krzysztof Karaszewski, Global RPA Product Manager
12:20 🍕 Lunch Break (1hr)
13:20 From Concept to Quality: UiPath Test Suite for AI-powered Knowledge Bots (30')
Kamil Miśko, UiPath MVP, Senior RPA Developer @Zurich Insurance
13:50 Communications Mining - focus on AI capabilities (30')
Thomasz Wierzbicki, Business Analyst @Office Samurai
14:20 Polish MVP panel: Insights on MVP award achievements and career profiling
Best Programming Language for Civil EngineersAwais Yaseen
The integration of programming into civil engineering is transforming the industry. We can design complex infrastructure projects and analyse large datasets. Imagine revolutionizing the way we build our cities and infrastructure, all by the power of coding. Programming skills are no longer just a bonus—they’re a game changer in this era.
Technology is revolutionizing civil engineering by integrating advanced tools and techniques. Programming allows for the automation of repetitive tasks, enhancing the accuracy of designs, simulations, and analyses. With the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning, engineers can now predict structural behaviors under various conditions, optimize material usage, and improve project planning.
Sustainability requires ingenuity and stewardship. Did you know Pigging Solutions pigging systems help you achieve your sustainable manufacturing goals AND provide rapid return on investment.
How? Our systems recover over 99% of product in transfer piping. Recovering trapped product from transfer lines that would otherwise become flush-waste, means you can increase batch yields and eliminate flush waste. From raw materials to finished product, if you can pump it, we can pig it.
The Rise of Supernetwork Data Intensive ComputingLarry Smarr
Invited Remote Lecture to SC21
The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis
St. Louis, Missouri
November 18, 2021
Blockchain technology is transforming industries and reshaping the way we conduct business, manage data, and secure transactions. Whether you're new to blockchain or looking to deepen your knowledge, our guidebook, "Blockchain for Dummies", is your ultimate resource.
An invited talk given by Mark Billinghurst on Research Directions for Cross Reality Interfaces. This was given on July 2nd 2024 as part of the 2024 Summer School on Cross Reality in Hagenberg, Austria (July 1st - 7th)
How Social Media Hackers Help You to See Your Wife's Message.pdfHackersList
In the modern digital era, social media platforms have become integral to our daily lives. These platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat, offer countless ways to connect, share, and communicate.
Transcript: Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - T...BookNet Canada
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Link to presentation recording and slides: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
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** Episode Overview **
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⦿ Why is patent quality important?
⦿ How to balance quality and budget
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https://www.aurorapatents.com/patently-strategic-podcast.html
Quality Patents: Patents That Stand the Test of Time
Cr32585591
1. Iman Kashefi, Maryam Kassiri, Ali Shahidinejad / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.585-591
A Survey on Security Issues in Firewalls: A New Approach for
Classifying Firewall Vulnerabilities
Iman Kashefi*, Maryam Kassiri**, Ali Shahidinejad***
*(Faculty of Computing (FC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia,)
**(Faculty of Computer Engineering, Robat Karim Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,)
***(Faculty of Computing (FC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia,)
ABSTRACT
Along with the increasing growth of from outside the network, but it is not supposed to
computer networks, security threats multiplies guard the network from an insider attack. On the
and accordingly improving and enhancing the other hand restraining inside attacks by access
network security devices and methods become a controlling has negative influence on user efficiency
necessity. Firewalls as the first line of defense [3].
have irrefutable importance in securing a With respect to the crucial role of firewalls
network; therefore improvement in this in network security, a systematic study on firewalls
technology ensures higher level of security in vulnerabilities is needed to further categorize the
computer networks. Any improvement or novel limitations with the purpose of helping researchers to
ideas are not achieved unless a deep analysis of gain a good perspective of problems in the first place
the existing methods and current needs takes to find practical solution to enhance the robustness of
place. In this paper the vulnerabilities of security.
firewalls according to their natures and also This paper is divided into three sections; in
various types of firewalls are classified in order the first section firewall and its types are described,
to create a better perspective for future research. the aim of the second section is to categorize firewall
Also some of the current approaches to mitigate vulnerabilities according to their nature and various
these vulnerabilities are mentioned and firewall types and some of the current solutions to mitigate
fingerprinting as a technique which makes the vulnerabilities are presented, and finally the last
attackers able to obtain more precise information section briefly describes firewall fingerprinting
about firewalls` vulnerabilities in order to exploit which can be used by attackers to identify type and
them is presented. characteristics of a firewall to misuse its
vulnerabilities with the aim of launching a successful
Keywords – Firewalls, Firewall Fingerprinting, attack.
Firewalls vulnerabilities, Network Attacks, Network
Security II. FIREWALL AND ITS TYPES
Firewalls have significant role in securing a
I. INTRODUCTION network. For the purpose of protecting a network,
Firewall is one of the most powerful firewall is used as the first line defense in almost
security guards that has been used widespread as a every organization [4]. Firewall is considered as one
primary part of every network [1]. First it was of the efficient tools in providing top level of
assumed to exist between two networks; however, security in computer networks [5]. A firewall is a
with the growth in use of internet and small size device or a system designed to block unpermitted
networks, it changed to one of the crucial aspect of access from inside or outside a private network. The
every gateway to clog external intruder from greatest functionality of the firewall is filtering, in
accessing to LANs and any other private network. other words firewall has the responsibility of
Since the firewalls are considered as the first and diverting the traffic with respect to pre-set policies,
main line of defense in monitoring the inbound and and by this means it can protect the system or
outbound traffic in enterprise and backbone network from flooding types of attacks [6]. As it is
networks, the security and reliability issues are mentioned earlier, firewalls are used greatly for
significantly important and should be carefully taken preventing unpermitted internet user from gaining
into consideration. access to a private network which is connected to
In spite of the fact that firewalls are the internet and this is achieved by filtering each
considered as a useful defender in certain attacks, it incoming or outgoing packet to assure that both the
comes with security holes that can be bypassed in source and destination of packets are trusted.
some cases. Regarding the nature of computer and Normally, firewalls configuration is in the way that
network devices, firewalls also have some protect network from unauthorized interactive login
limitations that can be misused by attackers [2]. For from outside. In this way “hackers” are prevented
example a firewall can impede the intruders’ access from logging into systems in a private network.
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2. Iman Kashefi, Maryam Kassiri, Ali Shahidinejad / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.585-591
Firewalls are vital, regarding to the fact that they recourses such as memory with higher capacity are
have ability to provide a block point where security required.
is at risk. By constantly monitoring the traffic, • Stateful Inspection firewalls: These kinds of
firewalls can provide a safe auditing and logging, in firewalls are the more advanced form of the stateful
most cases, they provide logs to the administrator packet filtering firewalls. Stateful packet filtering
about the type and volume of the network traffic. firewalls are generally used for application that
This block point does its job as an armed guard demand multiple ports, such as FTP applications.
does. All incoming and outgoing data should pass They check the payload and optionally open and
through the firewall which control each single close ports on the fly as per the protocol. This can be
packet and obstruct those that are against the achieved through rules configuration and gain
security criteria and pre-set rules. Firewalls rules are information concerning the fourth layer to the
a set of predefined rules that each rule have an seventh layer of the protocol stack.
action and a related condition. The action is either • Proxy firewalls: These firewalls isolate private
deny or accept, while the related condition network within internet. They evaluate the protocol
determines some information of the packets like the syntax by breaking apart the connection between
source and destination IP address, port number, client and server. These kinds of firewalls offer a
protocol, and so forth. To maintain a decision higher level of security among the other types of
regarding an individual packet, the rules are checked firewalls, but it is at the cost of functionality and
in turn till the first rule that its condition is met by speed, since they have the ability to limit the
the fields of the packet found. Generally the rule set applications which your network can support. In
is fully in detailed. When a firewall receives a contrary to stateful firewall that gives access or
packet, it checks out its protocol, the source and inhibits incoming or outgoing network packets in a
destination address and ports. Then the firewall protected network, traffic does not deluge through a
compares the rules against the details of the packet proxy. Alternately, computers constitute a
until it finds a match. Different firewalls connection to the proxy that servers are intermediary
deployment applies various sequences of rules. devices, and commence a new network connection
Generally there are two matching strategies [7], on the side of the request. In this way straight
single trigger and multi-trigger. Single trigger connections between systems on the both sides of the
processing works in the way that as soon as it firewall are prevented, therefore it is not so easy for
matches a rule, the action of it will be performed, an intruder to explore where the network is, just
while multi-trigger processing works in opposite because they can never receive packets straightly
way. In other words it performs the action of the last from the target system. The main disadvantage of
matching rule. this firewall is the need for huge network resources.
There are different ways to categorize types
of firewall according to their architecture, III. FIREWALL VULNERABLITIES AND THE
functionality and their usage. Normally, from the MITIGATION THECHNIQUES
user point of view firewalls can be divided into two In this part the most important firewalls
types; hardware and software, but according to their limitations and vulnerabilities are classified and
architecture and functionality, a range from packet existing proposed solution for mitigating them will
level to proxy firewalls can be defined, some of them be presented. “A firewall vulnerability is an error,
are mentioned below [8]: weakness, or an invalid assumption made during
• Static Packet filtering firewalls: These kinds of firewall design, implementation, or configuration,
firewalls sequence the packets concerning to that can be exploited to attack the trusted network
allow/deny rules. It is done by the means of fields the firewall is supposed to protect” [9]. According to
information on the header such as; host/ destination this definition all the firewalls vulnerabilities can be
address or port numbers etc. this analysis is not in classified in two main categories: (1) Vulnerabilities
depths, i.e., malicious code detection is not due to firewalls inherent limitations and design
performed and each packet is examined as a single defects, (2) Vulnerabilities due to misconfiguration
entity. The primary weakness of these firewalls is the or weaknesses in implementation.
inability to sustain against fragment and spoofing
attacks. 3.1 Vulnerabilities due to firewalls inherent
• Stateful packet filtering firewalls: These limitations
firewalls keep states of performance. Normally, in a Firewalls present an unreal illustration of
client/server environment, client initiates a security regarding to the fact that their inherent
conversation with server and waits for server defects are constantly imposed to the hackers. These
response. Accordingly responses are permitted to failings are caused by improper designs of the
bypass the firewalls rules. In this way a better firewalls. Notwithstanding their helpfulness in
optimization in screening process is achieved that providing security, they have some basic
leads to empower the overall performance of imperfections which hackers use to break into
firewall. In order to keep state tables, additional
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3. Iman Kashefi, Maryam Kassiri, Ali Shahidinejad / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.585-591
network. This problem causes inefficiency in constantly observing and patching the software in
guarding network. the DMZ and intranet. This firewall model conquers
Some of these limitations are common in both a problem in traditional firewalls concerning VPN
software and hardware firewalls while some are traffic. Portable users require access to organization
only found in software firewalls: data when they are out of office. Therefore they
apply VPNs with the purpose of gaining access in a
3.1.1 Common limitations in software and secure way. VPNs are not capable of guarding
hardware firewalls user’s laptop or personal computer and these
The most common vulnerabilities in software and computers change into the potential places to threat
hardware firewalls are mentioned below: the organization security because they are inherently
• Insider attacks: firewalls do not provide two hosted to the organization’s intranet and
protection from insider threats i.e. Insider Attacks. It internet. They provide a security hole for an
is acknowledged that insiders impose risks to attacker. Traditional firewalls cannot do much to the
security when they have limitless access to traffic which is end-to-end encrypted [11]. The
information, knowledge and valuable assets of their model is designed in the way that put the security in
organization. They are granted access legitimately the focal point and the security is not overlooked for
and this can easily jeopardize the security of the performance reasons. The firewall model is based
organization [10]. Firewalls sniff the packets in the on three concepts. First, most of the attacks have the
boundaries of the networks and do nothing for the inside source. Limiting the attacking abilities of
domestic traffic flow. Therefore, it is not practical individual host, leads to a secure internal network.
for the intrusions which come from inside the In this way overall security is enhanced as disarmed
network [8]. internal host is not assumed as a threat to the rest of
• Traffic that doesn’t go through firewall: There the internet. Second, attacks are implemented in the
are ways to route the illegitimate traffic through way that harms the network from the known
unpermitted path that does not pass through the vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are usually
firewall. found in certain software’s versions. In any types of
• Tunneling; Tunneling is one of the common attack, first the intruder tries to obtain the software’s
methods applied to bypass the firewall; one can version to plan the attack in a way that imposes the
envelop message for a protocol inside some other published vulnerability. The information achieved
message format [8]. by fingerprinting or social engineering is crucial for
• Internet threats like virus attack or password the success of an attack. Disguising the identity of
cracking: Firewalls do not carry out deep the OS or server software will inhibit attackers to
exploration to detect malicious codes in the packets; commence attacks. Third, security administrator
in this way they are likely to ignore some threats of may elude to install software patches due to various
this kind. reasons such as unreliability, inaccuracy,
Below are some of the recommended solution irrevocability, and lack of enough knowledge. For
and novel firewall models to alleviate above this reason an automatic mechanism should be in
vulnerabilities: place to install necessary updates as soon as they
appear. By this means attacker have less chance to
Multipurpose firewalls: Intrusion detection intrude to the network. And this is only practical
systems have been used in order to audit whole with the emergence of networks that convey
activities inside a network but not as a specific software patches [12].
mechanism against insider attacks. Disarming
firewall proposed by Zubair A. Shaikh and Furqan Distributed firewalls: Another approach to
Ahmed[11] is a multipurpose firewall which offers alleviate the above mentioned vulnerabilities is
some defense mechanism against insiders. This applying distributed firewalls.
firewall is a combination of various components; Distributed firewalls have been designed with the
each of them presents distinct purpose. It bounds the purpose of providing higher level protection than
attacking capabilities of all internal resources, in this traditional firewalls such as gateway and host-based
way it can protect network against harmful insiders. firewalls. Distributed firewalls have been developed
Owing to the fact that gaining information from an in response to the need of securing network from
end system is the first step for an attack, the firewall insider attacks and of course cover the weakness of
masks the identity of OS and server software which either gateway or host-based firewalls. According to
is positioned in DMZ from either internal or Ioannidis et al. [13], “a distributed firewall is a
external users. The disarming firewall model takes mechanism that enforces a centralized security
advantage of the strengths of different methods to policy but the latter is applied at the edges”.
maintain the security. The significant strengths of Distributed firewalls are designed in the way that
this firewall are bounding the intrusion abilities of regulates software applications which are resided in
internal source, masking the identity of OS and host that have the responsibility of protecting a
server software in DMZ to obstruct attacks, and network against unauthorized access. The notional
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4. Iman Kashefi, Maryam Kassiri, Ali Shahidinejad / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.585-591
design of distributed firewalls are based on three [17]. In both deployments unified communication
elements [14]: First, A common place policy interface is needed. It is proved that linkage method
language which is employed for determining takes advantage of independency, high reliability,
security policies which are distributed to the firewall and less response time in contrary to the integrated
endpoints to configure distributed firewalls. Second, approach.
Network-wide mechanisms for the distribution and
application of the security policy files to the 3.1.2 Vulnerabilities in software firewalls
distributed firewall endpoints. Third, IPsec: security Nowadays software firewalls are the most
protocol that maintain network-level encryption for popular choice for installing on personal computers.
the secure transmission of the security policy. They use internet access control mechanism to
Distributed firewalls have following strengths: provide higher level of security for internet users.
• Centralized management: Security policies are These kinds of firewalls have vulnerabilities that can
planned centrally and then publish to the various be bypassed in various ways at different layers of
endpoints for execution. Adherence of security networks. This is essentially due to the fact that
policies through the network and managing the these kinds of firewalls are software. They are not
deployment is improved. designed based on a proper architecture; therefore
• Defense in depth: when distributed firewall is they allow some traffic and application to pass
used with the gateways firewall, the security layers through them. Below are some of the theoretical
are notably increased which makes it more difficult bypassing ways [18].
for an intruder to break into the network. Because it • NIC Adapter Driver: An easiest way to bypass
saves the time for other kind of defense mechanisms any kind of software firewall is to plan the program
to counteract the hazard dramatically and in the way that runs in a lower level. Regarding to
accordingly delay and prevent the distribution of the fact that the commercial personal firewall
threat in the network. execute at NDIS level while NDIS is located
Distributed firewalls also have their own between NIC and protocol driver, therefore if the
limitations like decrease in network performance program runs at NIC level, it can bypass the
and increase in host load. Therefore in order to firewall. However, it is not practical since the
mitigate these disadvantages several architectures Trojan code which is programmed for a specific
and models have been introduced and still should be NIC will not be able to run on the others.
improved. • Prevent Loading: Since these firewalls
occasionally store data in the registry, if the registry
Combining firewall and IDS: There are two is manipulated, it may be feasible to obstruct some
approaches to combine firewalls and IDS: integrated firewalls from running after restarting the system.
approach and linkage approach. In first approach • Uninstall: Another way to bypass a personal
both IDS and firewall are placed in one system firewall is by simply uninstalling theme. There are
while in second approach they are in two separate many hacking codes which are particularly designed
subsystems [15]. to uninstall famous firewalls.
• Integrated Approach: The integrated approach • Application Masquerade: Generally the
benefits from the advantages of the revelation ability firewalls do not obstruct all the traffic. Some
of the detection system along with the blocking applications are permitted for getting access to the
capability of the firewall. In this approach the host internet. Sometimes hackers program a malicious
IDS and host firewall are placed in the same system. code in the way that it seems like a trusted program,
Since the IDS is constantly monitoring the network, so it can simply bypass the firewall.
it provides the access control strategy source to the • Application Control: Sometimes a program
host firewall. In this way malicious requests are employs a trusted application to send and get
detected before the attack occurs [16]. In this unauthorized messages to outside, should the
approach traditional access control is combined with program be able to manage the way the programs
intrusion detection technology to supply essential uses to perform its actions.
information to enable the firewall to block attacks. • Network-monitoring programs: Approximately
• In this method, the host firewall is located in a network-monitoring programs are overlooked by
one system while the host intrusion detection system personal firewall. It is obvious that if a malicious
is running on a separate system. The hosts interact program can work like one of the network
in a meaningful manner to share the information to monitoring software, it will be able to bypass
enhance the security level to maximum possible personal firewall.
degree. This method differentiates from integrated
method in the location of the IDS and the firewall. It can be concluded from the above that
This approach has dual implementations. In the first personal firewalls are defenseless to many
deployment the host firewall is directly linked to intrusions. To improve the level of protection of
host IDS, while in the second deployment, a transfer personal firewall to a higher degree, it is
device is employed to link the two hosts indirectly recommended to use it along with constantly up-to-
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5. Iman Kashefi, Maryam Kassiri, Ali Shahidinejad / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.585-591
date antivirus software. Concurrently, it can be a worth pointing out that the primary concerns of
potential field for research to fortify the protection firewall designers are security robustness rather than
level of personal firewalls from hardware great usability. Nevertheless more the usability
perspective. improved, the better results achieved. There is fine
balance between usability and security that it only
realized by comprehensive design which includes
3.2 Vulnerabilities due to misconfiguration usability in development phases. There are many
While the part of vulnerabilities which usability best practices for security design which can
come from misconfigurations are the result of be taken into account. It is possible to classify the
weakness and complexity of firewalls design and usability issues in two main classes. First there is
user interfaces, there are notable reasons which ambiguity in information or sometimes lack of
concerning user faults and their incapability of knowledge when the users should make decision on
implementing and managing different aspects of security issues. Second, poor user interfaces which
firewalls. Carelessness and misuse can be the result in security alerts ignorance. As a solution to
biggest threat to any security system anywhere [19]. this problem, firewall designer can fortify the
It is worth mentioning that improper use of quality of information through the results from
security system can be more detrimental than usability testing with end users. Moreover, it can be
relinquish the use of them. The false illustration of a good practice to involve usability experts in design
security that inspired by a misconfigured firewall process.
makes users behave like they are fully secured,
while they are treated with the same risks. Personal IV. FIREWALL FINGERPRINTING
firewall are imposed more to misconfiguration, Vulnerabilities mentioned in the previous
since the knowledge for implementing firewall in section both in hardware and software firewalls
the safe manner may go beyond the capability of along with other vulnerabilities caused by flaws and
common users. shortcomings that may exist in some specific models
The following are the common vulnerabilities of different firewall brands are more probable to be
associated with misconfigurations of the firewalls exploited by attackers if they can acquire enough
[9]: information about the employed firewall in a
• ICMP allowed, e.g., the firewall can be pinged; computer network.
• Denial rather than drop the traffic to ports
which are blocked by the firewall. This provides the Regarding to the fact that firewalls are
attacker with additional information, or improves usually positioned in a network so that they are
the speed of the attacker’s port scan; invisible to the users, the identification of them to
• Misconfiguration that allows a TCP pings of explode their vulnerabilities to do a successful
internal hosts with Internet-routable IP addresses attack is dramatically complicated. To launch a
(e.g., in-bound TCP 80 is not restricted to the web successful attack, the first step that the attacker
server) should take is fingerprinting, i.e., finding the
• Trust of certain IP addresses firewall implementation, encompassing the brand
• Availability of extra/unnecessary services on name, software/firmware version, etc. Providing
the firewall that we figure out all possible ways that attackers
• Unnecessarily open TCP and UDP ports employ to fingerprint a firewall, we will be able to
design required countermeasures accordingly.
As mentioned before a part of
misconfigurations are related to some other A recent research conducted by Amir R.
important issues such as configuring inattentively. Khakpour et al. presents a set of techniques that
For instance when the program needs to be acquire some basic information about firewalls
configured, occasionally it may happen that the using the processing time of each inquiry packet and
users are tired of responding to many questions and can be employed to find firewall implementation.
perfunctorily switch off the security warnings. By precisely measuring packet processing time, it is
These kinds of problems take place because of poor possible to fingerprint firewalls to figure out the
usability in personal firewalls. Poor usability of a type of packet classification algorithms, sensitivity
security system can have severe aftereffects as are of firewall performance to traffic load, and other
mentioned in several articles. According to Bander characteristics. They proposed some ways to
Alfayyadh et al. [19], usability of personal firewalls identify the firewall characteristics that are
is especially important and interesting to study announced by firewall implementations. Even
because most of the personal firewall users have though the firewall is designed like a black box,
little information about security issues. They have attackers can misuse vulnerabilities of these kinds of
shown that the main problems arose in personal firewalls from their characteristics that are precisely
computer are due to the poor usability that identified to launch effective attacks. They
accordingly result in security vulnerabilities. It is presented two methods for deducting firewall
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6. Iman Kashefi, Maryam Kassiri, Ali Shahidinejad / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.585-591
implementation using these characteristics. The first [2] Cisco Firewall Services Module DoS
method is concerned with firewall decision while vulnerability,
receiving a sequence of TCP packets that carry http://www.netsecurity.org/secworld.php?i
unusual flags; the second method is based on d=10673, 2011.
machine learning techniques [20]. By using these [3] J. Craig Lowery , Computer System
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