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I would need some help to work with the following integral:

$$f(x) = \int_2^\infty \log (1-x^t) dt ,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |x|<1$$

I would like to get a closed form or something similar (which seems to be impossible), but any other type of exact equivalent expression to work with would be great.

Making a change of variables seems not to help much. I also tried to evaluate it as a complex integral, but the path of integration $[2, \infty)$ is not the easiest to work with.

Any idea will be welcomed.

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  • $\begingroup$ "which seems to be impossible"....right $\endgroup$
    – imranfat
    Commented Aug 13, 2018 at 0:16
  • $\begingroup$ unless you want to do a complex integral you should ask that 0<x<1 instead of -1<x<1 as you currently have because say x=-1/2, then you have (-1/2)^(1/2) when t=1/2 $\endgroup$
    – Mathew
    Commented Aug 13, 2018 at 0:45
  • $\begingroup$ @mathew Regarding the limits of integrations, $t \ge 2$ $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 13, 2018 at 0:48
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    $\begingroup$ sorry, t=1/2 was a bad example, here is another, take t=5/2, this still gives the same problem if complex numbers appearing in the integrand $\endgroup$
    – Mathew
    Commented Aug 13, 2018 at 1:04

1 Answer 1

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By the substitution $u=x^t$, $$\begin{align} \int \ln(1-x^t)dt & =\frac1{\ln x}\int \frac{\ln(1-u)}{u}du\\ & =\frac1{\ln x}\int \frac{-\text{Li}_1(u)}udu\\ &=-\frac{\text{Li}_2(u)}{\ln x}+C\\ &=-\frac{\text{Li}_2x^t}{\ln x}+C\\ \end{align} $$

Applying the limits, one obtains $$\color{red}{\int^\infty_2\ln(1-x^t)dt=\frac{\operatorname{Li}_2 x^2}{\ln x}}$$

The expression has a value with a nice closed form for some special $x$:

$$\int^\infty_2\ln(1-\sqrt 2^{-t})dt=-\frac{\pi^2}{6\ln 2}+\ln 2$$ $$\int^\infty_2\ln(1-(\sqrt\phi^{-1})^t)dt=-\frac{\pi^2}{5\ln\phi}+2\ln\phi$$ $$\int^\infty_2\ln(1-{\phi}^{-t})dt=-\frac{\pi^2}{15\ln\phi}+\ln\phi$$

Also, there is an interesting limit: $$\lim_{x\to1^-}\ln x \int^\infty_2\ln(1-x^t)dt =\frac{\pi^2}6$$

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  • $\begingroup$ There is a typo in the backward substitution, $u \neq \log_x t$. $\endgroup$
    – Maxim
    Commented Aug 13, 2018 at 3:26
  • $\begingroup$ @Maxim Thank you! What a stupid mistake! $\endgroup$
    – Szeto
    Commented Aug 13, 2018 at 3:28

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