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INTERNET APPLICATIONS
Web Server
PRESENTED BY:
ABDUL MAJEED AL-KATTAN
RABEE AL-RASS
RAHAF AAMER
RIMON KORONI
SANDRA SUKARIEH
The Content
• Definition of Web Server
• Uses of Web Server
• Types of Web Server
• Apache Web Server
• Protocols of Web Server
• Virtual Hosting
• Server Side Scripting
• CGI
Definition of Web Server
What is a Web Server?
• A computer or a group of computers used to
store web pages, files and documents.
• Making these pages available to be reached
through web browsers.
• Offering different services to customers from all
over the world.
Uses of Web Server
What are the uses of a Web Server?
• Store and retrieve data.
• Host web sites and provide access.

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Web servers handle client requests for resources on the internet by providing web pages, documents, and other files. They use the client/server model and communicate with clients using HTTP. A 3-tier architecture divides functionality into separate client, application, and database tiers. Popular web servers include Apache, Tomcat, IIS, and PWS.

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There are several types of web hosting services that allow businesses to set up an online presence inexpensively, including shared hosting, dedicated hosting, and collocated hosting. Shared hosting involves hosting a site on a server with other sites, keeping costs low but limiting control. Dedicated hosting provides a full server but at a higher cost. Collocated hosting involves owning the server hardware but having a host manage it offsite. When choosing a host, businesses should consider functionality, reliability, bandwidth, security, backups, and cost. Researching customer reviews and testing service reliability can help narrow options.

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• The first web server in 1989:
CERN httpd
Types of Web Server
Nginx web server
Internet Information Services(IIS)
Lighttpd
Sun Java System Web Server
Jigsaw Server
Apache Tomcat
Google server
Types of Web Server
Apache Web Server
• Started in 1995.
• Open source software.
• Works with different
operating systems.
• Serves about 54.2% of
websites.
Apache Web Server
Apache Modules:
mod_access
•Allow
•Deny
•Order
mod_auth
•AuthGroupFile
•AuthUserFile
•AuthAuthoritative
mod_digest
mod_ssl
Mod-rewrite

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Tanvi Wadekar completed a 100-hour IT training course and project on the World Wide Web (WWW). The document defines WWW as an information system accessed via the internet that allows for the exchange of hypertext documents and other digital resources. It discusses the history of WWW, invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, and its key components like browsers, servers, caches, and protocols. The working of WWW involves connecting to a server via HTTP, requesting an HTML page, and receiving a response before closing the connection. Common elements on WWW are discussed like web pages, bookmarks, directories, sites and URLs. [/SUMMARY]

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The document discusses proxy servers, specifically HTTP and FTP proxy servers. It defines a proxy server as a server that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients to other servers. It describes the main purposes of proxy servers as keeping machines behind it anonymous for security purposes and speeding up access to resources via caching. It also provides details on the mechanisms, types, protocols (HTTP and FTP), and functions of proxy servers.

Protocols
FTP
POP
IMAP
SMTP
Protocols of Web Server
POP IMAP
Local storage for messages Server storage for messages
Easy local backup Difficult local backup
Higher speed High speed
Cause of losing messages
Disadvantages
Protocols of Web Server
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Named-based
virtual hosting
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hosting
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• Multiple domain names for the same IP address.
• Determine the host name in the HTTP header.
• SSLTLS handshake problem and solution (Server Name
Indication ).
• DNS problem and solution (hosts file).
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A website is a collection of web pages located on the internet that is dedicated to a particular topic or purpose. There are two main types of websites: static websites that do not frequently change content and dynamic websites where content changes regularly. The key components of a website include a homepage and site-wide template, integrated site navigation, look and feel elements, a logo, about page, feedback form, search features, a domain name, and copyright information.

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Apache is an open source web server that is very popular, secure, fast, and reliable. It implements many features including CGI, SSL, virtual domains, and plug-in modules for extensibility. Apache uses simple text configuration files like httpd.conf to configure settings and is run from the command line using scripts like apachectl to start, stop, and restart the server.

IP-based virtual hosting
• Only one site for each IP address.
• Solve the consensual problem.
• The problem of increasing administrative overhead.
• The problem of IPv4 address exhaustion.
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Server side scripting
CGI
What is “Common Language Gateway”?
• Defines a way for a web server to interact with
external content-generating programs.
• These programs are referred to as CGI programs
or CGI scripts.
• It’s the simplest, and most common, way to put
dynamic content on your web site.
CGI
Configuring Apache to permit CGI
• Ensure that the cgi_module is loaded in your httpd.conf
file.
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
• The ScriptAlias directive tells Apache that a particular
directory is set aside for CGI programs.
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/
• The .htaccess file lets you activate CGI programs if you
don’t have access to httpd.conf configuration file.

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Web Server - Internet Applications

  • 1. INTERNET APPLICATIONS Web Server PRESENTED BY: ABDUL MAJEED AL-KATTAN RABEE AL-RASS RAHAF AAMER RIMON KORONI SANDRA SUKARIEH
  • 2. The Content • Definition of Web Server • Uses of Web Server • Types of Web Server • Apache Web Server • Protocols of Web Server • Virtual Hosting • Server Side Scripting • CGI
  • 3. Definition of Web Server What is a Web Server? • A computer or a group of computers used to store web pages, files and documents. • Making these pages available to be reached through web browsers. • Offering different services to customers from all over the world.
  • 4. Uses of Web Server What are the uses of a Web Server? • Store and retrieve data. • Host web sites and provide access.
  • 5. • The first web server in 1989: CERN httpd Types of Web Server
  • 6. Nginx web server Internet Information Services(IIS) Lighttpd Sun Java System Web Server Jigsaw Server Apache Tomcat Google server Types of Web Server
  • 7. Apache Web Server • Started in 1995. • Open source software. • Works with different operating systems. • Serves about 54.2% of websites.
  • 8. Apache Web Server Apache Modules: mod_access •Allow •Deny •Order mod_auth •AuthGroupFile •AuthUserFile •AuthAuthoritative mod_digest mod_ssl Mod-rewrite
  • 10. POP IMAP Local storage for messages Server storage for messages Easy local backup Difficult local backup Higher speed High speed Cause of losing messages Disadvantages Protocols of Web Server
  • 12. Named-based virtual hosting • Multiple domain names for the same IP address. • Determine the host name in the HTTP header. • SSLTLS handshake problem and solution (Server Name Indication ). • DNS problem and solution (hosts file). Virtual Hosting
  • 13. IP-based virtual hosting • Only one site for each IP address. • Solve the consensual problem. • The problem of increasing administrative overhead. • The problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. Virtual Hosting
  • 15. CGI What is “Common Language Gateway”? • Defines a way for a web server to interact with external content-generating programs. • These programs are referred to as CGI programs or CGI scripts. • It’s the simplest, and most common, way to put dynamic content on your web site.
  • 16. CGI Configuring Apache to permit CGI • Ensure that the cgi_module is loaded in your httpd.conf file. LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so • The ScriptAlias directive tells Apache that a particular directory is set aside for CGI programs. ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/ • The .htaccess file lets you activate CGI programs if you don’t have access to httpd.conf configuration file.
  • 17. CGI FastCGI • A binary protocol for interfacing interactive programs with a web server. • A variation on the earlier Common Gateway Interface (CGI). • Its main aim is to reduce the overhead associated with interfacing the web server and CGI programs.