Therapeutic Gymnasium.pptx

This document discusses active and passive insufficiency in muscles. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously, losing tension. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, preventing full range of motion. Examples given are the rectus femoris causing active insufficiency in hip flexion and knee extension together, and the flexor digitorum profundus losing the ability to make a tight fist when the wrist is flexed. The relationship between them is that when the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes or lengthens, so the extensibility of the antagonist can limit the agonist's capability,

The document provides details about the biomechanics of the thorax, including its general structures, bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles involved in ventilation. The key structures discussed are the ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and their articulations. The document describes the types of joints between these structures, including the costovertebral, costotransverse, costochondral, and sternocostal joints. It also summarizes the primary muscles that promote inspiration, such as the diaphragm, intercostals, and scalenes.

1. A lever is a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum and is a simple machine that magnifies force and movement speed. 2. The three main components of a lever are the fulcrum, the effort arm where force is applied, and the resistance arm where the object to be moved is located. 3. There are three types of levers - first class levers have the fulcrum between the effort and resistance arms, second class levers have the resistance arm between the fulcrum and effort arm, and third class levers have the effort arm between the fulcrum and resistance arm.

this ppt is about therapeutic massage by physiotherapist. includes details like indications, contraindications, effects, preparation of patient & therapist & classification of manipulations.

Goniometry is used to measure joint range of motion. There are different types of goniometers including universal, finger, and electro goniometers. To take an accurate measurement, the therapist positions the goniometer arms parallel to the longitudinal axis of the proximal and distal body parts, with the axis over the joint. Range of motion can then be measured actively or passively. Goniometry is used to assess limitations, track progress, and guide treatment for conditions affecting joint mobility.

Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.

This document discusses whirlpool bath therapy. It describes how whirlpool baths combine water temperature and mechanical stimulation from jets of water or air to provide therapeutic benefits. Different types of whirlpool baths are used for specific body parts or full immersion. Benefits include pain relief, relaxation of muscles, improved circulation, and preparation for other treatments. Proper technique and monitoring for safety is important when using whirlpool baths.

The document summarizes key aspects of human walking (gait) including: - The gait cycle is divided into stance and swing periods, with distinct functional tasks in each. - Gait parameters like velocity, cadence, stride length are described. - Determinants of gait like pelvic rotation, knee flexion, and foot/ankle mechanics help minimize vertical displacement of the center of gravity and increase efficiency. - Gait analysis methods including observational, quantitative techniques like kinetics, electromyography, motion capture are outlined. Different pathological gaits like amputee, ataxic, and spastic gaits are also briefly discussed.

1. Passive movement involves moving a joint through its range of motion without active contraction of the muscles around the joint. It is done by a therapist or machine when a patient cannot actively move on their own or has a reduced range of motion. 2. There are two main types of passive movement - relaxed passive movements and passive manual mobilization techniques. Relaxed passive movements are smooth movements done by a therapist through a patient's full available range, while manual techniques include joint mobilization, manipulation, and controlled stretching. 3. Continued passive motion devices are used after limb or joint surgery to maintain movement and limit stiffness and pain. They move the joint through its full range while the patient is in bed to prevent immobil

Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics) Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd

This document provides an overview of biomechanics of the elbow, including its structure, function, kinematics, muscle actions, and stability mechanisms. It describes the three joints that make up the elbow complex - the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint. It details the motions of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination, identifying the muscles, ligaments, and bony structures involved in each motion. Common injuries to the elbow from direct stresses and repeated stresses are also summarized.

Balance is the ability to control body position to maintain upright posture. It involves integration of sensory inputs and motor outputs. Balance training progresses from simple to complex tasks in positions like lying, sitting, kneeling, and standing static and dynamic exercises before walking, stairs, and community tasks. Assessment evaluates vision, sensation, vestibular function, range of motion, strength, and limits of stability. Treatment addresses sensory, strategy, musculoskeletal, and environmental factors through exercises, modifications, and assistive devices.

This document provides an overview of posture, including definitions, types, mechanisms, patterns, principles of re-education, and presentation of good posture. It defines posture as the body's position either at rest or during movement. There are inactive postures for rest and active static and dynamic postures that require muscle coordination. Posture is maintained through complex reflexes involving muscles, eyes, ears, and joints. Good posture is efficient with minimal effort, while poor posture is inefficient and causes unnecessary muscle strain. Re-education of posture focuses on identifying and treating causes, gaining patient cooperation, relaxation/mobility exercises, and establishing new posture habits through repetition and education.

The document defines and describes various aspects of resistance exercises. It discusses types of muscle contractions like isotonic, isometric and eccentric. It explains principles of resistance training like overload and specificity. It describes adaptations to resistance training including neural, muscular and bone changes. Determinants of resistance training programs are outlined including intensity, time, volume and periodization. Guidelines for progressive resistance exercises and precautions are provided.

posture analysis and alignment in different views, deformities of different parts of the body segments

The document discusses static and dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Statically, the joint is stabilized by the humeral head resting in the glenoid fossa, creating negative pressure. The rotator cuff muscles and deltoid provide a vertical force to counteract gravity. Dynamically, the deltoid, rotator cuff, biceps and scapulohumeral rhythm work together to precisely guide humeral movement and stabilize the joint throughout its range of motion. Scapulohumeral rhythm involves greater scapular movement in the first 90 degrees of arm elevation compared to humeral movement.

Stretching involves applying tension to muscles and connective tissues to increase flexibility and range of motion. There are several types of stretching including static, cyclic, ballistic, PNF, and mechanical. The key factors in stretching are proper alignment, stabilization, low intensity, and long duration to minimize muscle resistance and maximize tissue elongation. Stretching can be done manually, through self-stretching exercises, or using mechanical devices.

This document discusses body mechanics, mobility, immobility, and range of motion. It defines key terms like kyphosis, lordosis, flexion, extension, supination, and pronation. It describes principles of good body mechanics for moving and lifting patients, including maintaining good posture, keeping weight close to the body, and requesting assistance for heavy loads. Common positions used for patient exams and procedures are explained, as well as range of motion exercises. The effects of immobility on body systems like musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and integumentary are summarized. Care for immobilized patients focuses on preventing complications through skin assessments, pressure relief, proper positioning and alignment.

ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation One of the most common complications following ACL reconstruction is loss of motion, especially loss of extension. Loss of knee extension has been shown to result in a limp, quadriceps muscle weakness, and anterior knee pain. Studies have demonstrated that the timing of ACL surgery has a significant influence on the development of postoperative knee stiffness. The highest incidence of knee stiffness occurs if Acl surgery is performed when the knee is swollen, painful, and has a limited range of motion. The risk of developing a stiff knee after surgery can be significantly reduced if the surgery is delayed until the acute inflammatory phase has passed, the swelling has subsided, a normal or near normal range of motion (especially extension) has been obtained, and a normal gait pattern has been reestablished. Mentally prepare the patient for surgery Before proceeding with surgery the acutely injured knee should be in a quiescent state with little or no swelling, have a full range of motion, and the patient should have a normal or near normal gait pattern

Given at the 10/2013 WVTA meeting. How to utilize rehabilitation therapy in post-operative and geriatric patients

This document discusses immobility in patients and nursing management. It defines immobility and lists common causes such as musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. It describes different positions used for comfort and examinations. Guidelines are provided for moving and lifting patients safely as well as using mechanical mobility aids. Hazards of immobility are outlined affecting various body systems. Finally, the nursing management of immobility is discussed including assessment, nursing diagnoses, and interventions to prevent complications and restore function.

The document discusses fitness testing and strength training. It defines different types of fitness and provides details on tests to measure muscular strength and endurance. These include the bench jump, modified dip/push-up, and bent-leg curl-up tests. The document also outlines principles for developing strength, such as overload and specificity. It provides guidelines for prescribing strength training, including factors like mode, resistance, sets and frequency. The goal is to stimulate strength gains through progressive resistance training 2-3 times per week.

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The document discusses assisted exercises, which involve receiving support or assistance to perform exercises from equipment, partners, or machines. It defines assisted exercise and outlines its types, principles, benefits, and examples. The key benefits are increased safety, improved performance, enhanced muscle activation, and better range of motion. Examples provided are resistance band squats, partner-assisted stretching, and machine-assisted pull-ups.

The document discusses flexibility and stretching, defining flexibility as the range of motion in joints and length of muscles. It discusses factors affecting flexibility like joints, ligaments, and age. It describes types of flexibility and stretching exercises including dynamic, static active, and static passive. Benefits of stretching are enhanced fitness and reduced injury risk. Guidelines for safe stretching are provided, like warming up and avoiding bouncing motions. Examples of stretching exercises are given for different muscle groups.

The document defines exercise and describes its purposes and benefits. Exercise includes physical activity that conditions the body and improves health. It decreases disease risks, improves functional strength and activity tolerance. Specific benefits are also outlined, like improved cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal function. Different types of exercises are classified, like isotonic, isometric, aerobic and stretching exercises. Guidelines for range of motion exercises are provided along with examples of different joint movements.

Walking aids such as crutches, canes and walkers are used to provide stability and support mobility for individuals who have limited ability to walk independently due to injuries, pain or medical conditions. Crutches are commonly used to reduce weight bearing on one or both lower extremities and provide additional balance support. There are different types of crutches including axillary crutches, elbow crutches and gutter crutches. Proper fitting and training are important to ensure safe and effective use of walking aids.

This document discusses the rehabilitation of patients with paraplegia and quadriplegia. It begins by defining the terms and explaining the rehabilitation team and measures used. These include stretching, aerobic, and strengthening exercises. Physical agents like heat therapy and electrical stimulation are also used. Symptomatic treatments address issues like pain, spasticity, and nutrition. Orthotics like braces and wheelchairs assist mobility. Gait training helps achieve balance. Home programs and ergonomic advice aid daily living. Therapeutic exercises target specific muscle groups and functions. Rehabilitation aims to return patients to their highest functional ability.

The document discusses mobility, range of motion exercises, and postural drainage techniques. It defines mobility and immobility as endpoints on a continuum, with many degrees of partial immobility in between. It describes active, passive and active assisted range of motion exercises and their purposes in maintaining joint function and flexibility. It provides details on different postural drainage positions and manual techniques like percussion, vibration and shaking used to drain secretions from the lungs into larger airways.

The document discusses mobility, range of motion (ROM) exercises, and their purposes and types. It describes active, passive and active-assisted exercises and how they are used. ROM exercises are important to maintain joint function and flexibility. The document outlines different joint movements and provides examples of ROM exercises for each body part from head to toe. It also discusses postural drainage techniques used to clear secretions from the lungs.

This document provides an overview of ACL tears, including the definition, symptoms, causes, complications, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation process. It begins by defining the ACL and how injuries typically occur, then describes the associated symptoms. Common causes are also outlined. Complications can include increased risk of osteoarthritis. Diagnosis is typically via MRI or physical exam tests. Treatment involves initial RICE therapy along with surgery to reconstruct the torn ligament if needed. A lengthy rehabilitation process follows surgery, gradually progressing from range of motion and quadriceps exercises to strengthening, agility work, and eventual clearance to return to sports around 6 months post-op.

Meniscus injuries are common in young adults, often caused by twisting or heavy lifting. Symptoms include knee pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, pain with squatting, popping or clicking in the knee, and limited motion. Meniscus tears are classified as longitudinal, horizontal, radial, or flap tears. Exams like McMurray's test and Apley's test are used to diagnose tears. Treatment involves medications, surgery if the meniscus cannot be repaired, physiotherapy including exercises and bracing, and rehabilitation protocols after arthroscopic surgery or meniscal repair surgery. Isokinetic training after arthroscopy can help improve knee function and muscle strength recovery.

The commonly practiced prehabiliation and post operative rehabilitation following Total Hip and Total Knee replacement/Arthtoplasty.

Physiotherapists play two key roles in the ICU - respiratory physiotherapy and rehabilitation. For respiratory physiotherapy, they help patients clear excess sputum from their lungs through techniques like manual chest therapy, positioning, and suctioning, since patients on ventilators cannot cough normally. For rehabilitation, physiotherapists work to maintain patients' muscle strength and joint mobility through exercises and mobilization techniques to prevent long-term disability from critical illness. They also help wean patients off ventilators by regaining their respiratory muscle strength. Proper protocols around infection control and patient safety are followed during all physiotherapy sessions in the ICU.

1. The document outlines the general management of ataxia through relaxation techniques, strengthening exercises, and fatigue reduction measures. 2. The goals of general physical therapy for ataxia are to prevent complications, treat symptoms like hypotonicity and dysmetria, improve muscle strength and range of motion, and provide education to patients. 3. Specific techniques discussed include relaxation, strength and cardiovascular conditioning, pain management, functional training, and flexibility exercises. Patient education is also emphasized.

This document discusses body mechanics and ergonomics for nursing patients. It defines body mechanics as the coordinated effort of muscles, bones, and nervous system during patient movement. Proper body mechanics prevents injuries to both patients and healthcare providers by minimizing strain. Elements of good body mechanics include proper posture, balance, and movement achieved through correct body alignment and a wide base of support. The document outlines principles for safe patient handling, such as planning moves, avoiding twisting, keeping objects close, and using assistive devices. Common assistive devices include gait belts, slider boards, and mechanical lifts. Ergonomics aims to reduce workplace injuries by fitting jobs to human capabilities through equipment that assists with patient handling.

This document discusses pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy for abdominal surgeries. Pre-operative physiotherapy includes patient education to reduce anxiety and prepare for recovery, as well as exercises to strengthen the core and lower limbs. Post-operative care involves monitoring vitals, respiratory care, mobilization, and exercises to strengthen muscles at risk from incisions. A rehabilitation program progresses from isometric exercises to strengthening, cardio, and sports-specific exercises over 3-4 weeks. Respiratory physiotherapy techniques help clear secretions and improve breathing.

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Today more than ever, hepatocellular carcinoma therapy is experiencing profound and substantial changes. The association atezolizumab (ATEZO) plus bevacizumab (BEVA) has demonstrated its effectiveness in the post-operative treatment of patients, improving the results that can be achieved with liver resections. This after the failure of the use of sorafenib in the already historic STORM study. On the other hand, the prognostic classification of BCLC is now widely questioned. It is now well recognized that the indications for surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are certainly narrow in BCLC and no longer reflect what is common everyday clinical practice. Today, the concept of multiparametric therapeutic hierarchy, which makes the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma much more flexible and allows the best therapy for the individual patient to be identified based on their clinical characteristics, is gaining more and more importance. The presentation traces these profound changes that are taking place in recent years and offers a modern vision of the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

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In healthcare, every day, millions of conversations fail. They fail to cover what’s really important, fail to resolve key issues, miss the point and lead to misunderstandings and disagreements. Clean Language is one approach that can improve things. It’s a set of precise questions – and a way of asking them – which help us all get clear on what matters, what we’d like to have happen, and what’s needed. Around 1000 people working in healthcare have trained in Clean Language skills over the past 20+ years. People are using what they’ve learnt, in their own spheres, and share anecdotes of significant successes. But the various local initiatives have not scaled, nor connected with each other, and learning has not been widely shared. This project, which emerged from work done by the NHS England South-West End-Of-Life Network, with help from the Q Community and especially Hesham Abdalla, aims to fix that.

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JMML is a rare cancer of blood that affects young children. There is a sustained abnormal and excessive production of myeloid progenitors and monocytes.

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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/pCU7Plqbo-E - Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/kbDs1uaeyyo - Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html - Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com - Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) definition , clinical features and management .

in these slides you know what is vaginal thrush, symptoms, and treatments with special population(pregnancy and lactation). you can see the explanation in my youtube channel in this link below: https://youtu.be/ov5WqVwdHkE?si=iaF5MHC9Vv_6udzR vaginal thrush is one of the most common gynecological complication that can be treated easily if diagnosed in a correct way.