This document discusses the process of test planning and control for software testing. It describes the major tasks involved in test planning such as determining scope and risks, developing a test approach, and scheduling tests. It also covers test control which includes measuring results, monitoring progress, and making decisions. Test implementation and execution are outlined as transforming test conditions into test cases, executing tests, and reporting discrepancies. Evaluating exit criteria and test closure are the final stages discussed.
Testing is a process rather than a single activity. This process starts from test planning then designing test cases, preparing for execution and evaluating status till the test closure.
The document summarizes the fundamental test activities from planning to closure. It describes the main tasks for each stage of testing including: planning and control, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. For each stage, it lists the major tasks in the typical order they are performed such as determining test objectives, designing test cases, executing tests, analyzing results, and finalizing test documentation.
Measurement systems analysis (MSA) is a scientific method used to analyze the validity and sources of variation in a measurement system. An MSA quantifies equipment variation, appraiser variation, and the total variation of a measurement system. It is used to validate measurement tools and processes, ensure consistent data collection, and identify areas for improvement like additional training or revised procedures.
This document discusses how to achieve the optimal balance of testing through continuous improvement and optimization. It introduces the concept of economic conformance level (ECL) to balance corrective, preventative, and appraisal testing costs. The document outlines a six sigma approach to measure current testing processes, analyze issues, improve through solutions, and control through standardization. Real-life examples are provided to illustrate optimizing testing processes by increasing efficiency, reducing waste, and formalizing practices to move from reactive to balanced testing.
The document discusses software testing, outlining key achievements in the field, dreams for the future of testing, and ongoing challenges. Some of the achievements mentioned include establishing testing as an essential software engineering activity, developing test process models, and advancing testing techniques for object-oriented and component-based systems. The dreams include developing a universal test theory, enabling fully automated testing, and maximizing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of testing. Current challenges pertain to testing modern complex systems and evolving software.
This document introduces defect analytics and statistical trends (DAST), a quality model for defect management and measurement. DAST focuses on defect reporting, resolution, and generating reports from a defect data mart to analyze metrics and trends. These reports are used to guide defect prevention, improve quality and productivity, and support go/no-go decisions for releases.
Here are some ways to improve quality:
1. Improve process control: Tighten control limits and monitoring of key process parameters to reduce variability and prevent defects.
2. Reduce setup times: Quick changeovers minimize waste from setups and allow for smaller batch sizes. This improves flexibility and quality.
3. Implement mistake proofing: Use tools like poka-yoke and automation to design out human errors and common defects.
4. Conduct root cause analysis: Identify underlying causes of defects rather than just symptoms. Implement permanent corrective actions.
5. Enhance inspection: Upgrade inspection methods, equipment and operator skills. Implement statistical process control.
6. Supplier quality management: Work
Measurement System Analysis is the first step of the Measure Phase of an improvement project. Before you can pass judgment on the process, you need to ensure that your measurement system is accurate, precise, capable and in control.
This document discusses the process of test planning and control for software testing. It describes the major tasks involved in test planning such as determining scope and risks, developing a test approach, and scheduling tests. It also covers test control which includes measuring results, monitoring progress, and making decisions. Test implementation and execution are outlined as transforming test conditions into test cases, executing tests, and reporting discrepancies. Evaluating exit criteria and test closure are the final stages discussed.
Testing is a process rather than a single activity. This process starts from test planning then designing test cases, preparing for execution and evaluating status till the test closure.
The document summarizes the fundamental test activities from planning to closure. It describes the main tasks for each stage of testing including: planning and control, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. For each stage, it lists the major tasks in the typical order they are performed such as determining test objectives, designing test cases, executing tests, analyzing results, and finalizing test documentation.
Measurement systems analysis (MSA) is a scientific method used to analyze the validity and sources of variation in a measurement system. An MSA quantifies equipment variation, appraiser variation, and the total variation of a measurement system. It is used to validate measurement tools and processes, ensure consistent data collection, and identify areas for improvement like additional training or revised procedures.
This document discusses how to achieve the optimal balance of testing through continuous improvement and optimization. It introduces the concept of economic conformance level (ECL) to balance corrective, preventative, and appraisal testing costs. The document outlines a six sigma approach to measure current testing processes, analyze issues, improve through solutions, and control through standardization. Real-life examples are provided to illustrate optimizing testing processes by increasing efficiency, reducing waste, and formalizing practices to move from reactive to balanced testing.
The document discusses software testing, outlining key achievements in the field, dreams for the future of testing, and ongoing challenges. Some of the achievements mentioned include establishing testing as an essential software engineering activity, developing test process models, and advancing testing techniques for object-oriented and component-based systems. The dreams include developing a universal test theory, enabling fully automated testing, and maximizing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of testing. Current challenges pertain to testing modern complex systems and evolving software.
This document discusses measurement system analysis (MSA), which is used to evaluate statistical properties of process measurement systems. MSA determines if current measurement systems provide representative, unbiased and minimal variability measurements. The document outlines the MSA process, including preparing for a study, evaluating stability, accuracy, precision, linearity, and repeatability and reproducibility. Accuracy looks at bias while precision considers repeatability and reproducibility. MSA is required for certification and helps identify process variation sources and minimize defects.
Tiara Ramadhani - Program Studi S1 Sistem Informasi - Fakultas Sains dan Tekn...Tiara Ramadhani
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Measurement Systems Analysis - Variable Gage R&R Study Metrics, Applications ...Gabor Szabo, CQE
This presentation walks you through the components of variation and the various metrics used in Variable Gage R&R Study. It also talks about the different root causes associated with a failing study, and how to perform root cause analysis using statistical tools.
Software testing is an essential activity of the software development lifecycle. To ensure quality, applicability, and usefulness of a product, development teams must spend considerable time and resources testing, which makes the estimation of the software testing effort, a critical activity. This presentation presents a simple and useful method called qEstimation to estimate the size and effort of the software testing activities. The method measures the size of the test case in terms of test case points based on its checkpoints, preconditions and test data, as well as the type of testing. The testing effort is then computed using the size estimated in test case points. All calculations are embedded in a simple Excel tool, allowing estimators easily to estimate testing effort by providing test cases and their complexity.
Risk Based Testing: Deferring the Right Bugsindus329
QA InfoTech is a professional Quality Assurance and Software Testing service provider with qualified Testing Experts who are committed to provide creative QA / Testing solutions to challenging technical projects.
The document discusses the main activities that occur during different levels of testing, although there may be varying degrees of formality. These include test planning, where test goals and objectives are understood; test design and analysis, where test conditions are identified; test implementation and execution, where test cases and environments are developed; test control, where results are measured and monitored; and evaluating exit criteria to determine if enough testing has been done. Overall, the same types of activities generally occur during testing, but there may be differences in formality between levels like component and system testing.
The document outlines the software testing process, which includes defining test policies and strategies, preparing test plans, establishing testing objectives, designing test scenarios and cases, executing test cases, analyzing test results, and performing retesting and regression testing. Key steps involve writing test cases, defining test data, creating a test bed for execution, and logging and analyzing results to identify errors or missing requirements. The overall goal is to check if actual results match expected outcomes and ensure the software is defect-free.
This document discusses measurement system analysis (MSA), including attribute MSA. It defines key MSA terms and describes the importance, types, and steps of attribute MSA. The document provides examples of calculating kappa value, miss rate, and false rate from attribute MSA data to evaluate measurement system capability. Reasons for attribute MSA failure include issues with appraisers or inspection processes.
The document discusses the fundamental test process which includes test planning and control, test analysis and design, test implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities. It provides details on the major tasks involved in each part of the test process. These include determining test objectives and approach, developing test cases and suites, executing tests, logging results, and evaluating whether exit criteria are met. The purpose is to lay out the basic steps involved in software testing from the initial planning through closing out the testing activities.
Software testing metrics are used extensively by many organizations to determine the status of their projects and whether or not their products are ready to ship. Unfortunately most, if not all, of the metrics being used are so flawed that they are not only useless but are possibly dangerous—misleading decision makers, inadvertently encouraging unwanted behavior, or providing overly simplistic summaries out of context. Paul Holland identifies four characteristics that will enable you to recognize the bad metrics in your organization. Despite showing how the majority of metrics used today are “bad”, all is not lost as Paul shows the collection of information he has developed that is more effective. Learn how to create a status report that provides details sought after by upper management while avoiding the problems that bad metrics cause.
Software testing involves verifying that software meets requirements and works as intended. There are various testing types including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Testing methodologies include black box testing without viewing code and white box testing using internal knowledge. The goal is to find bugs early and ensure software reliability.
QACampus, a renowned software testing training institute where testing experts are engaged in developing the skills of aspiring testers. A detailed knowledge of software testing life cycle with practical approaches of test and automation tools implementation is provided during training. This effective knowledge is helpful for a great testing career of students.
The document provides an overview of software testing, including common software problems, objectives and principles of testing, quality assurance vs quality control, software development life cycles, project management, and risk management. It discusses what testing is, why it's necessary, who does it, objectives of testing, types of problems found, quality principles, life cycles like waterfall and V-model, project planning, scheduling, staffing, and identifying, analyzing and managing risks.
Software quality metrics provide important insights into software testing efforts and processes. They can help evaluate products and processes against goals, control resources, and predict future attributes. There are three categories of metrics: process, product, and project. Process metrics measure testing efficiency and effectiveness. Product metrics depict product characteristics like size and quality. Project metrics measure schedule, cost, productivity, and code quality. Choosing metrics based on organizational goals and providing feedback are best practices for an effective metrics program.
Tackle Business Risks with Continuous Testing.pdfZoe Gilbert
Since Continuous testing helps businesses, with faster delivery and ensured quality. Get to know about Continuous testing, the major benefits of saving time and full test coverage, and how it may tackle Business risks
Micro understand without Micro managing: E.g., one can identify that a
specific tester is unable to execute a test case for 2 days due to a defect unresolved by developer
Micro understand without Micro managing: E.g., one can identify that a specific tester is unable to execute a test case for 2 days due to a defect unresolved by developer.
The Role of Test Reporting in Software Testing A Comprehensive Overview.pdfflufftailshop
Continuous testing plays a pivotal role in ensuring the quality and reliability of software products. Test reporting, an essential aspect of the continuous testing process, provides valuable insights into the test execution and helps stakeholders make informed decisions.
Software testing is an activity which is aimed for evaluating quality of a program and also for improving it, by identifying defects and problems. Software testing strives for achieving its goal (both implicit and explicit) but it has certain limitations, still testing can be done more effectively if certain established principles are to be followed. In spite of having limitations, software testing continues to dominate other verification techniques like static analysis, model checking and proofs. So it is indispensable to understand the goals, principles and limitations of software testing so that the effectiveness of software testing could be maximized.
The document discusses improving software testing processes at XYZ Company. It begins with objectives to analyze the existing testing process, identify areas for improvement, and reduce costs. It then provides background on software testing, including definitions, the purpose of testing, and why test process improvement is needed. The document outlines steps for test process improvement, including determining goals, analyzing the current situation, and implementing changes. It reviews literature on test process improvement models, focusing on the Test Process Improvement (TPI) model as a framework with key areas, maturity levels, checkpoints, and improvement suggestions.
Software testing for project report .pdfKamal Acharya
Methods of Software Testing There are two basic methods of performing software testing: 1. Manual testing 2. Automated testing Manual Software Testing As the name would imply, manual software testing is the process of an individual or individuals manually testing software. This can take the form of navigating user interfaces, submitting information, or even trying to hack the software or underlying database. As one might presume, manual software testing is labor-intensive and slow.
Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test. I hope this ppt will help u to learn about software testing.
Software Testing adds organizational value in quantitative and qualitative ways. Successful organizations recognize the importance of quality. Establishing a quality-oriented mindset is the responsibility of business leadership.
Verification and validation process in software testingpooja deshmukh
Students are often confused between the verification and validation process, as far as Software Testing is concerned. Let us initially define both the processes.
The document discusses planning quality processes for software projects. It covers developing test and analysis strategies, creating test and analysis plans, addressing risks, and monitoring progress. Key points include developing a quality strategy to guide project plans, defining test items and goals, scheduling tasks and addressing dependencies, identifying risks, and monitoring activities and results against the quality plan.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts for beginners. It defines key terms like quality, testing, and standards. It describes different testing levels from unit to system testing. It also covers software development lifecycles, quality principles, project management, and configuration management. The goal is to introduce software testing fundamentals and processes.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts for beginners. It defines key terms like quality, testing standards, and the cost of quality. It describes common software problems, testing objectives, and the roles of testers. It also explains software development lifecycles, quality assurance vs quality control, capability maturity models, and risk management best practices. The goal is to introduce foundational testing fundamentals and processes to those new to the field.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality assurance as a process that works parallel to software development to improve processes and prevent problems. It describes the key elements of SQA like reviews, audits, testing, error analysis and change management. Benefits include producing high quality software that saves time and cost while being reliable. Trade-offs must be made between factors like workload, resources and project completion time. Failure analysis determines the root causes of failures to prevent future issues.
Amazon Web Services Continues to Dominate the Cloud Infrastructure: According to Synergy Research Group’s report, not much has changed in 2017’s cloud infrastructure leaderboard. The paramount benchmark of 34% cloud share for AWS left behind the richest IT Company Microsoft at 11%, while IBM and Google at 8% and 5% respectively. In the wake of tremendous technological development, where Technology has spread its unforeseen wings, manufacturers continue to feed on the long term consumption plan development by engulfing consumers into IoT and cloud services. With Technology field showing the highest consumption of over 78.20%, other cloud consuming industries have surfaced with almost negligible indexes, namely Consumer Services 10.49%, Consumer Goods 6.21% and Finance 5.1%.
Tech Experts Forecast an Unprecedented Upsurge in Global Public Cloud Services: The world, where virtual realities have started to take precedence over the concrete ones, predicts a blasting expansion of cloud services in the upcoming years. Rapid expansion of cloud infrastructure due to the era defining fields of Web services, IoT and Artificial Intelligence is likely to surface soon. With the current capital of over $260 Billion, it aims to expand at least with a massive $50 Billion capital inclusion per year in the coming years. See below infographic for more details.
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Rapidly evolving customer needs and accelerating innovations are forcing businesses to be increasingly agile. To facilitate overall
business goals, time to market is the key. Over the years the software development life cycle has moved from the patented
waterfall model to agile method
Videos are a great communication tool that convey and transmit large amounts of information in a short period of time. Video files have been extensively used in the marketing field to create brand awareness and build a strong customer base.
In many web or cloud applications, performance testing is critical part of application testing since it affects
business revenue, credibility, and customer satisfaction. Conventional software development models are known
to pushing the performance testing to the very end of project, with the expectations that, only minor tweaks
and tune up are required to meet the performance requirements from the business, however any major
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software development lifecycle. This white paper explains how any company can integrate performance testing
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testing.
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AngularJS has been designed to build front-end of web applications easily.Take your time to learn the frameworks to understand how the pieces fit together.
If you are thinking about migrating to HTML 5, are there any security handling issues ?? This Whitepaper addresses the advantages that HTML5 based security Issues and how this can be handled efficiently.
Migrating to HTML5, Migrating Silverlight to HTML5, Migration Applications t...Idexcel Technologies
HTML5 Migration: HTML5 provides developers with powerful, cross-platforms tools for their mobile and web applications, and they get a powerful alternative to the age-old proprietary tools. As it is an open standard, companies can improve its functionality and feature-set as per their requirements.
IT Staffing & Recruiting Case Studies| Goals, Challenges, SolutionsIdexcel Technologies
We offer high degree of skills in Enterprise Applications, Cloud Services, Data-warehousing,
Big Data, Analytic, QA & Testing Services, IT consulting and Staffing.
This document discusses application security testing and provides recommendations for a comprehensive testing plan. It begins by outlining common application security vulnerabilities like injection flaws, cross-site scripting, and sensitive data exposure. It then recommends using tools like vulnerability scanning, threat modeling, code analysis, and penetration testing to test for vulnerabilities. The document concludes by describing how to test for issues in specific areas like authentication, authorization, data validation, and payment processing.
Mobile Application Security Testing, Testing for Mobility App | www.idexcel.comIdexcel Technologies
Application development has come a long way in last two decades, but it is puzzling to see that despite major security breaches, security testing takes a back seat as compared to other forms of quality testing measures such as usability or functional testing.
A growing need for quicker and adaptive solutions to tech problems is pushing firms to adopt the agile methodology.
Today more and more companies are addressing different technology issues by adopting this iterative approach to
software development and releasing high quality software, faster and more efficiently. Organizations see agile software development as a faster way to create products, thereby reducing the Go To Market time.
The document provides guidelines for designing a robust test automation framework. It discusses that a well-designed framework increases testing efficiency and reduces costs. The key aspects of framework design include defining objectives, selecting the appropriate framework type, managing data, ensuring reusability, integrating with other tools, and flexible execution and reporting. Idexcel's test automation framework was created following these best practices to provide a maintainable and reusable framework.
Explore the rapid development journey of TryBoxLang, completed in just 48 hours. This session delves into the innovative process behind creating TryBoxLang, a platform designed to showcase the capabilities of BoxLang by Ortus Solutions. Discover the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of this accelerated development effort, highlighting how TryBoxLang provides a practical introduction to BoxLang's features and benefits.
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In this talk, we will explore strategies to optimize the success rate of storing and retaining new information. We will discuss scientifically proven ideal learning intervals and content structures. Additionally, we will examine how to create an environment that improves our focus while you remain in the “flow”. Lastly we will also address the influence of AI on learning capabilities.
In the dynamic field of software development, this knowledge will empower you to accelerate your learning curve and support others in their learning journeys.
Break data silos with real-time connectivity using Confluent Cloud Connectorsconfluent
Connectors integrate Apache Kafka® with external data systems, enabling you to move away from a brittle spaghetti architecture to one that is more streamlined, secure, and future-proof. However, if your team still spends multiple dev cycles building and managing connectors using just open source Kafka Connect, it’s time to consider a faster and cost-effective alternative.
introduction of Ansys software and basic and advance knowledge of modelling s...sachin chaurasia
Ansys Mechanical enables you to solve complex structural engineering problems and make better, faster design decisions. With the finite element analysis (FEA) solvers available in the suite, you can customize and automate solutions for your structural mechanics problems and parameterize them to analyze multiple design scenarios. Ansys Mechanical is a dynamic tool that has a complete range of analysis tools.
A Comparative Analysis of Functional and Non-Functional Testing.pdfkalichargn70th171
A robust software testing strategy encompassing functional and non-functional testing is fundamental for development teams. These twin pillars are essential for ensuring the success of your applications. But why are they so critical?
Functional testing rigorously examines the application's processes against predefined requirements, ensuring they align seamlessly. Conversely, non-functional testing evaluates performance and reliability under load, enhancing the end-user experience.
React and Next.js are complementary tools in web development. React, a JavaScript library, specializes in building user interfaces with its component-based architecture and efficient state management. Next.js extends React by providing server-side rendering, routing, and other utilities, making it ideal for building SEO-friendly, high-performance web applications.
Overview of ERP - Mechlin Technologies.pptxMitchell Marsh
This PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It covers the fundamental concepts, benefits, and key functionalities of ERP software, illustrating how it integrates various business processes into a unified system. From finance and HR to supply chain and customer relationship management, ERP facilitates efficient data management and decision-making across organizations. Whether you're new to ERP or looking to deepen your understanding, this presentation offers valuable insights into leveraging ERP for business success.
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Ansys Mechanical enables you to solve complex structural engineering problems and make better, faster design decisions. With the finite element analysis (FEA) solvers available in the suite, you can customize and automate solutions for your structural mechanics problems and parameterize them to analyze multiple design scenarios. Ansys Mechanical is a dynamic tool that has a complete range of analysis tools.
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2. Background
Introduction
Well defined test performance indicators support decision making by management and also provide a methodi-
cal approach to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of current test processes. Assessment of software quality
and process efficiency gets skewed, resulting in wrong decisions, when proper test performance indicators and
measurements are not defined and agreed.
Although there are several software test performance indicators defined by practitioners, researchers and
professionals, they may be either used in isolation or worse, wrong indicators may be used. This white paper
describes the metrics used by Idexcel, and how they help our clients.
Test Performance Indicators (TPIs) are high level metrics of effectiveness or efficiencies used to guide and
control progressive test development, test process and product quality. Idexcel has adopted the Test Maturity
Model (TMMi) process model for all its testing projects, and TPI’s are defined in line with the best practices
recommended by TMMi. While developing these TPI’s, Idexcel has established procedures for data collection,
owners, storage, analysis and reporting of TPI’s. The key project stakeholders periodically analyze the reported
data and take necessary action.
idexcel
2 Page
Test Performance Indicators
3. Test Performance Indicators
Used by Idexcel
In line with industry practices, Idexcel has broadly classi-
fied TPI’s into two broad categories: “Test Process
Indicators”, and “Product Quality Indicators”.
Test Process Indicators (TPIs)
One of the objectives of Idexcel’s Test Policy is to
provide a cost effective and efficient software testing
process to its customers. To meet this objective, we
continuously measure the effectiveness and efficiency
of software testing. This helps in assessing the quality
and effectiveness of the process and productivity of the
personnel involved in testing activities and this in turn
helps to improve the software testing procedures,
methods, tools and tasks. Gathering these TPI’s help
Idexcel to analyze the data and learn from historical
data, resulting in improved software testing maturity.
Product Quality Indicators
The TPI’s provide insight into test state and testing
status of a software product to engineers and project
stakeholders and are generated by test execution, code
fixes and deferment. Using these metrics, we measure
the product test state and indicative the level of quality.
Based on experience gained by working with several
customers, we have redefined product quality metrics
into two parts, ‘Product Quality TPI’s and ‘Customer
Oriented Indicators’.
3 Page
We use test performance indicators for:
idexcel
Identifying testing strengths, weaknesses and areas of
improvements
Analyzing risk
Benchmarking for future process optimization
Taking product and process decisions
Analyzing the current state of organization’s testing
processes
Determining customer involvement and satisfaction
Controlling and monitoring of test process
Measuring test productivity and effectiveness.
Test Performance Indicators
The traditional approach cannot cope with the fast
pMeasuring process effectiveness is an objective, order-
ly method of quantifying, assessing, adjusting and
ultimately improving the testing process. We collect
data for each project or program and analyze them at
regular intervals to assess software quality and process
performance throughout the software test lifecycle and
create a baseline and guidance for future projects.
Collect Data and store it
in a common repository
Evolve the process based
on the analysis
Evolve the process based
on the analysis
Review the data and
ensure only quality data
is available for analysis
Analyze and prepare
reports and present them
to management
4. 4 Page
idexcel
Effort Variance
This is a process efficiency indicator which helps in
understanding any extra effort injected into a testing
project to complete the activities which were planned at
the beginning of the project. This indicator combined
with the phase wise effort indicator gives insights to
address the problematic phases that must be improved
in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. On the contrary,
if investigations reveal that the benchmarking used for
initial efforts estimation needs tweaking based on
changed circumstances, management can take the
necessary action to revise the benchmark.
Negative results are a good sign for management, as
they can use these negative results to revise the organi-
zation wide bench mark for effort estimation of similar
projects.
Defects Slippage
This is one of the most important ‘Process Effectiveness’
indicators that helps in identifying the effectiveness of
the testing process adopted by an organization. Defects
Slippage is directly related to the company’s reputation,
warranty costs, future business, contract requirement
and customer satisfaction. Idexcel regularly monitors
this indicator by project and analyzes the data to identi-
fy and plug gaps in the existing testing process.
Defect Removal Efficiency
This is a ‘Process Efficiency’ indicator that indicates the
defects removed per time unit (hours/-
day/weeks/phase)
Idexcel has derived this indicator directly from the orga-
nization’s debug policy, and this indicator denotes the
efficiency of defect removal methods and is also an
Test Performance Indicators
KeyTest Performance Indicators
Used by Idexcel
Phase-Wise Testing Effort
This Process efficiency indicator helps in identifying the
intensive effort areas during prevention, verification
and validation attributes in the project. Prevention
activities include planning, training and validation &
verification activities and include time spent on tasks
such as test case walkthroughs, reviews, environment
set up, testing, test requirement, re-test etc. Examples
of phase-wise effort in testing is shown in the chart
below.
Cost Variance
This is a process efficiency indicator which helps in
understanding actual cost versus planned and budgeted
expenditure. Whenever testing cost overshoots the
budgeted cost, management can analyze and gain
in-depth understanding of the lessons learned during
the given project, and this understanding can be used to
l the testing costs of future projects. However, due to
changes in some internal or external factors, the bench-
mark used for creating budgets may become outdated,
and hence overshoot.
Review
Rework
Test Execution
Environment set up
Test Reporting
Documentation
Planning
Training
50%
7%
13%
8%
9%
5% 4% 4%
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indirect measurement of the quality of a product. We
calculate these indicators at every stage of the software
development lifecycle and maintain the DRE for differ-
ent stages such as unit, integration, System, UAT, opera-
tional readiness, documentation.
Defect Rejection Ratio
Some of the assumptions made during the process
controlled software development for testing activities
are:
1. Testers understand the application and minor details
of the requirements
2. All decisions related to requirements are well com-
municated to the testers, and revised documents are
shared with them
3. Testing happens in a controlled test environment
4. Configuration management is in place and testers are
getting the intended build for testing
5. Testers are well trained in application process and
business logic.
A defect initially raised by a tester could be later reject-
ed if any one of the above assumption goes wrong. The
main objective of this ‘Process Effectiveness’ indicator is
to ensure that testers correctly understand the require-
ments and get involved in all the phases of the software
development lifecycle. Too many rejected defects result
in inefficiency, and indicate the lapse in process effec-
tiveness.
Test Execution Productivity Trend
This Process efficiency indicator helps find the produc-
Test Performance Indicators
tivity of the test team. Productivity may be defined as
test cases executed by a team per unit time (hours/-
days/weeks/phase/release). This indicator helps in
identifying the problematic areas impacting a team’s
productivity and helps take remedial action.
Test Coverage
The purpose of the Test Coverage indicator is to assess
whether sufficient testing has been performed, and
identify areas that may require additional testing. This
metric measures the number of test cases tested
successfully against total number of test cases planned
for each product component at major milestones of the
software development life cycle. This indicator tells us,
what is missing much better than what is done well.
Scope Volatility
After the requirements and deliverables are signed off,
requirement volatility becomes a major factor, especial-
ly on testing tasks in a program/project. Requirement
volatility can be categorized into the following types:
addition to existing requirements, deletion from existing
requirements, change in scope to an existing require-
ment and shift in design. Under the definition of scope
Test coverage Metric Example
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Admin UI
Website UI
3rd Party Integration
Stored Procedure
Billing
Data Migration
Settlement
Configuration
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volatility, we can also include specific issues related to
testing such as re-opening fixed defects, multiple builds
handed over to a testing team and change in configura-
tions.
These indicators not only measure the test team’s
efficiency against changes in project dynamics, but also
demonstrate process stability and improvements
required in the existing process. The following diagram
shows the scope volatility caused by different reasons.
Origin of Defects
This is a ‘Test Effectiveness’ indicator showing the
software development phase or activity in which the
defect occurred. This indicator helps in analyzing:
1. Major problem areas in project/program or company-
wide projects/programs,
2. Patterns in defects
3. Scope to build a baseline that characterize errors,
faults or failures
Test Performance Indicators
4. Pattern associated with defects that will support
prediction
The classification of software development phases
contributing to defects is showing in the example below.
Requirement
Specification
Design
Code
Environment
Others
51%
7% 13%
14%
10%
5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Requirement
Change
Design Multiple builds for
same version
Configuration
changes
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Defect Priority
This indicator provides insight into the quality of the prod-
uct under test. High priority defects indicate a low product
quality. This information helps project stake holders to
make release decisions based on the number of defects
and their priority levels. Defect priorities may be classified
as “Critical”, “Major”, “Minor”, “Medium”, and “Low” and
must be consistently applied across different projects in an
organization.
Defect Distribution across components
This indicator gives information about the way defects are
distributed across the various components of the system.
We also assign priorities for different components or
sub-systems, helping the project stakeholders to assess
risks and address issues in components or subsystems that
are critical to the product, ahead of others.
Examples of
Product Quality Metrics
Used by Idexcel
Test Performance Indicators
Critical
Major
Minor
Medium
Low
Time to Fix Defects
This indicator gives insight into the effort required to fix
defects by priority. This is the time elapsed between
reporting a defect and closing the defect after retesting.
Idexcel represents this with two sets of charts: a bar chart
with current values with each priority and historical trend
over all priorities. This is a key indicator for maintainability
of the product and serves as an input to project mainte-
nance cost and patch schedules.
Status Indicators
These indicators give status of test execution per unit time.
These indicators give management the overall status of
test activity and product quality. This indicator includes
“number of test cases”, “Number of test cases executed”,
“Number of Test cases passed”, “and “Number of Test
cases failed”.
Defect Arrival Rate
This indicator gives a high level status of active defects for
a project along with daily defect open rates, showing the
trend in the quality of the product. Ideally, the defects
reported should show a declining trend over time especial-
ly when nearing the UAT/production release. Management
and project stakeholders can take product release
decisions based on this indicator.
Cumulative Defects by Status
This indicator helps to evaluate the number of defects by
status in a particular release. This indicator can ensure that
all the known defects have been corrected and action
plans are in place for open defects. This indicator
combined with Defect Removal Rate indicator helps in
making release decisions better.
35%
10%
15% 10%
30%
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Examples of decision criteria we set for a particular
program are:
1. Zero open critical defects
2. Less than 5% open defects with stake holders’ approval
and workaround
3. Open minor defects are less than the agreed numbers
4. Defect arrival rate shows a declining trend towards zero
over the last few measurement periods.
Metrics or performance indicators discussed so far
address the needs of testing process product quality. How-
ever, we believe that successful customer experience
management requires collection and analysis of different
types of customer related metrics. Customer related
metrics helps us to manage customer relationships and
identify improvement opportunities for improving
customer satisfaction.
Some of the customer related metrics are discussed
below.
Customer Problem Metrics
These metrics measure the problems that customers
encountered while using the product. We consider all
Test Performance Indicators
Examples of
Customer Related Indicators
Used by Idexcel
problems encountered by our customers while using the
software product, as problems with the software and not
just the valid defects. Problems that are not valid defects
could be usability problems, ambiguous documentation
etc. By carefully analyzing these metrics, we can:
• Improve the software development life cycle processes
and reduce product defects
• Reduce the non-defect-oriented problems by improving
all aspects of a products (such as usability, documenta-
tion), customer education, and support.
Financial Performance Index
These metrics will help us in achieving a lower targeted
level of budget spend on testing, and help us to turn
testing into a more efficient process.
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Conclusion
Continuous improvement is the key to success for any process. Well defined test performance indicators
provide a methodical approach to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the current test processes and
significantly improve the testing process in terms of coverage, time and quality.
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Test Performance Indicators