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SOFTWARE TESTING STRATEGIES
BY – RAVINA JESWANI
Sophia Girls college (Autonomous) Ajmer
www.sophiacollegeajmer.in
A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SOFTWARE TESTING
Testing is a set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted
systematically. For this reason a template for software testing—a set of steps
into which we can place specific test-case design techniques and testing
methods—should be defined for the software process.
What is it? Software is tested to uncover errors that were made inadvertently
as it was designed and constructed. But how do you conduct the tests? Should
you develop a formal plan for your tests? Should you test the entire program as
a whole or run tests only on a small part of it? Should you rerun tests you’ve
already conducted as you add new components to a large system? When
should you involve the customer? These and many other questions are
answered when you develop a software testing strategy.
Who does it? A strategy for software testing is developed by the project
manager, software engineers, and testing specialists.
LEVELS OF TESTING
UNIT TESTING : Size of single module can be tested easily.
INTEGRATION TESTING : If single module work fine then it’s time to test
that they will work fine if integrated together.
SYSTEM TESTING : Testing the behavior of whole system,(As defined in
Software Requirement Specification i.e. SRS) .
VALIDATION TESTING : Testing a system as whole to find out if it is satisfies
the requirements specifications.
Unit Testing
Integration
testing
System
Testing
Acceptance/
Validation
Testing
TESTING STRATEGY
CODE
DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
SYSTEM ENGINEERING

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The document discusses various topics related to software testing including the necessity of testing, goals of testing, different testing methods like static vs dynamic testing and white box vs black box testing, different testing levels from unit to system testing, testing approaches like bottom-up and top-down, different types of testing like alpha and beta testing, and functional vs non-functional testing. It provides examples of beta tests and concludes that complete testing is infeasible due to time and resource constraints.

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TESTING APPROACHES
TESTING APPROACHES
UNIT TESTING
UNIT TESTING is a type of software testing where individual units or
components of a software are tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of
the software code performs as expected. Unit Testing is done during the
development (coding phase) of an application by the developers. Unit Tests
isolate a section of code and verify its correctness. A unit may be an individual
function, method, procedure, module, or object.
Code coverage techniques used in Unit Testing are listed below:
• Statement Coverage
• Decision Coverage
• Branch Coverage
• Condition Coverage
• Finite State Machine Coverage
INTEGRATION TESTING
INTEGRATION TESTING is defined as a type of testing where software
modules are integrated logically and tested as a group. A typical software
project consists of multiple software modules, coded by different
programmers. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose defects in the
interaction between these software modules when they are integrated.
Once all the components or modules are working independently, then we
need to check the data flow between the dependent modules is known
as integration testing.
Approaches :
• Top Down
• Bottom Up
• Sandwich/ Hybrid

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Software testing is the process of evaluation a software item to detect differences between given input and expected output. Also to assess the feature of A software item. Testing assesses the quality of the product. Software testing is a process that should be done during the development process. In other words software testing is a verification and validation process. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects). Software testing can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a computer program/application/product: • meets the requirements that guided its design and development, • works as expected, • can be implemented with the same characteristics, • and satisfies the needs of stakeholders. Software Development Process Cycle:-  PLAN (P): Device a plan. Define your objective and determine the strategy and supporting methods required to achieve that objective.  DO (D): Execute the plan. Create the conditions and perform the necessary training to execute the plan.  CHECK (C): Check the results. Check to determine whether work is progressing according to the plan and whether the results are obtained.  ACTION (A): Take the necessary and appropriate action if checkup reveals that the work is not being performed according to plan or not as anticipated.

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MAINTENANCE TESTING
Regression Testing : Whenever a Software product is updated with
new code, features or functionality, it is tested thoroughly to detect
is there any negative impact of added code.
Smoke Testing : It is used when software product is rebuilt(with
new components added) and smoke test everyday.
SYSTEM TESTING
SYSTEM TESTING is a level of testing that validates the complete
and fully integrated software product. The purpose of a system test
is to evaluate the end-to-end system specifications. Usually, the
software is only one element of a larger computer-based system.
Ultimately, the software is interfaced with other software/hardware
systems. System Testing is actually a series of different tests whose
sole purpose is to exercise the full computer-based system.
Recovery Testing: To test system’s ability to recover from failure.
Security & Portability Testing: This is done when software is meant to work on
various platforms and accessed by number of persons..

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SYSTEM TESTING(NON-FUNCTIONAL TESTING)
VERIFICATION TESTING
Verification is the process of
evaluating work-products of a
development phase to determine
whether they meet the specified
requirements.
verification ensures that the product
is built according to the
requirements and design
specifications. It also answers to the
question, Are we building the
product right?
VALIDATION TESTING
Validation Testing, carried out by QA
professionals, is to determine if the system
complies with the requirements and
performs functions for which it is intended
and meets the organization’s goals and user
needs. This kind of testing is very
important, as well as verification testing.
Validation is done at the end of the
development process and takes place after
verification is completed.
VALIDATION TESTING

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METHODS OF TESTING
Black Box Testing is a software testing method in which the
internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested
is not known to the tester
White Box Testing is a software testing method in which the
internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested
is known to the tester.
BLACK BOX TESTING
In the black-box testing, test cases are designed from an examination of the
input/output values only and no knowledge of design, or code is required. The
following are the two main approaches to designing black box test cases.
• Equivalence class portioning
• Boundary value analysis
Equivalence Class Partitioning
In this approach, the domain of input values to a program is partitioned into a set of
equivalence classes. This partitioning is done such that the behavior of the program is
similar for every input data belonging to the same equivalence class.
Boundary Value Analysis
A type of programming error frequently occurs at the boundaries of different
equivalence classes of inputs. The reason behind such errors might purely be due to
psychological factors.
WHITE BOX TESTING
One white-box testing strategy is said to be stronger than another strategy, if all
types of errors detected by the first testing strategy is also detected by the
second testing strategy, and the second testing strategy additionally detects
some more types of errors.
Control Flow Graph (CFG)
A control flow graph describes the sequence in which the different instructions
of a program get executed. In other words, a control flow graph describes how
the control flows through the program.
Data flow-based testing
Data flow-based testing method selects test paths of a program according to the
locations of the definitions and uses of different variables in a program.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BLACK BOX TESTING AND WHITE BOX TESTING
Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing
Definition It is a testing approach which is
used to test the software without
the knowledge of the internal
structure of program or
application.
It is a testing approach in which
internal structure is known to the
tester.
Alias It also knowns as data-driven, box
testing, data-, and functional
testing.
It is also called structural testing,
clear box testing, code-based
testing, or glass box testing.
Base of Testing Testing is based on external
expectations; internal behavior of
the application is unknown.
Internal working is known, and
the tester can test accordingly.
Usage This type of testing is ideal for
higher levels of testing like
System Testing, Acceptance
testing.
Testing is best suited for a lower
level of testing like Unit Testing,
Integration testing.

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Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing
Programming knowledge Programming knowledge is not
needed to perform Black Box
testing.
Programming knowledge is
required to perform White Box
testing.
Implementation knowledge Implementation knowledge is not
requiring doing Black Box testing.
Complete understanding needs to
implement White Box testing.
Automation Test and programmer are
dependent on each other, so it is
tough to automate.
White Box testing is easy to
automate.
Objective The main objective of this testing is
to check what functionality of the
system under test.
The main objective of White Box
testing is done to check the quality
of the code.
Basis for test cases Testing can start after preparing
requirement specification
document.
Testing can start after preparing for
Detail design document.
Tested by Performed by the end user,
developer, and tester.
Usually done by tester and
developers.
Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing
Granularity Granularity is low. Granularity is high.
Testing method It is based on trial and error
method.
Data domain and internal
boundaries can be tested.
Time It is less exhaustive and time-
consuming.
Exhaustive and time-consuming
method.
Algorithm test Not the best method for algorithm
testing.
Best suited for algorithm testing.
Benefit Well suited and efficient for large
code segments.
It allows removing the extra lines of
code, which can bring in hidden
defects.
Skill level Low skilled testers can test the
application with no knowledge of
the implementation of
programming language or
operating system.
Need an expert tester with vast
experience to perform white box
testing.
Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing
Techniques Equivalence partitioning is Black
box testing technique is used for
Black box testing.
Equivalence partitioning divides
input values into valid and invalid
partitions and selecting
corresponding values from each
partition of the test data.
Boundary value analysis
checks boundaries for input
values.
Statement Coverage, Branch
coverage, and Path coverage are
White Box testing technique.
Statement Coverage validates
whether every line of the code is
executed at least once.
Branch coverage validates whether
each branch is executed at least
once
Path coverage method tests all the
paths of the program.
Drawbacks Update to automation test script is
essential if you to modify
application frequently.
Automated test cases can become
useless if the code base is rapidly
changing.

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Software testing strategies

  • 1. SOFTWARE TESTING STRATEGIES BY – RAVINA JESWANI Sophia Girls college (Autonomous) Ajmer www.sophiacollegeajmer.in
  • 2. A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SOFTWARE TESTING Testing is a set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted systematically. For this reason a template for software testing—a set of steps into which we can place specific test-case design techniques and testing methods—should be defined for the software process. What is it? Software is tested to uncover errors that were made inadvertently as it was designed and constructed. But how do you conduct the tests? Should you develop a formal plan for your tests? Should you test the entire program as a whole or run tests only on a small part of it? Should you rerun tests you’ve already conducted as you add new components to a large system? When should you involve the customer? These and many other questions are answered when you develop a software testing strategy. Who does it? A strategy for software testing is developed by the project manager, software engineers, and testing specialists.
  • 3. LEVELS OF TESTING UNIT TESTING : Size of single module can be tested easily. INTEGRATION TESTING : If single module work fine then it’s time to test that they will work fine if integrated together. SYSTEM TESTING : Testing the behavior of whole system,(As defined in Software Requirement Specification i.e. SRS) . VALIDATION TESTING : Testing a system as whole to find out if it is satisfies the requirements specifications. Unit Testing Integration testing System Testing Acceptance/ Validation Testing
  • 7. UNIT TESTING UNIT TESTING is a type of software testing where individual units or components of a software are tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the software code performs as expected. Unit Testing is done during the development (coding phase) of an application by the developers. Unit Tests isolate a section of code and verify its correctness. A unit may be an individual function, method, procedure, module, or object. Code coverage techniques used in Unit Testing are listed below: • Statement Coverage • Decision Coverage • Branch Coverage • Condition Coverage • Finite State Machine Coverage
  • 8. INTEGRATION TESTING INTEGRATION TESTING is defined as a type of testing where software modules are integrated logically and tested as a group. A typical software project consists of multiple software modules, coded by different programmers. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose defects in the interaction between these software modules when they are integrated. Once all the components or modules are working independently, then we need to check the data flow between the dependent modules is known as integration testing. Approaches : • Top Down • Bottom Up • Sandwich/ Hybrid
  • 10. MAINTENANCE TESTING Regression Testing : Whenever a Software product is updated with new code, features or functionality, it is tested thoroughly to detect is there any negative impact of added code. Smoke Testing : It is used when software product is rebuilt(with new components added) and smoke test everyday.
  • 11. SYSTEM TESTING SYSTEM TESTING is a level of testing that validates the complete and fully integrated software product. The purpose of a system test is to evaluate the end-to-end system specifications. Usually, the software is only one element of a larger computer-based system. Ultimately, the software is interfaced with other software/hardware systems. System Testing is actually a series of different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise the full computer-based system.
  • 12. Recovery Testing: To test system’s ability to recover from failure. Security & Portability Testing: This is done when software is meant to work on various platforms and accessed by number of persons..
  • 14. VERIFICATION TESTING Verification is the process of evaluating work-products of a development phase to determine whether they meet the specified requirements. verification ensures that the product is built according to the requirements and design specifications. It also answers to the question, Are we building the product right?
  • 15. VALIDATION TESTING Validation Testing, carried out by QA professionals, is to determine if the system complies with the requirements and performs functions for which it is intended and meets the organization’s goals and user needs. This kind of testing is very important, as well as verification testing. Validation is done at the end of the development process and takes place after verification is completed.
  • 17. METHODS OF TESTING Black Box Testing is a software testing method in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is not known to the tester White Box Testing is a software testing method in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is known to the tester.
  • 18. BLACK BOX TESTING In the black-box testing, test cases are designed from an examination of the input/output values only and no knowledge of design, or code is required. The following are the two main approaches to designing black box test cases. • Equivalence class portioning • Boundary value analysis Equivalence Class Partitioning In this approach, the domain of input values to a program is partitioned into a set of equivalence classes. This partitioning is done such that the behavior of the program is similar for every input data belonging to the same equivalence class. Boundary Value Analysis A type of programming error frequently occurs at the boundaries of different equivalence classes of inputs. The reason behind such errors might purely be due to psychological factors.
  • 19. WHITE BOX TESTING One white-box testing strategy is said to be stronger than another strategy, if all types of errors detected by the first testing strategy is also detected by the second testing strategy, and the second testing strategy additionally detects some more types of errors. Control Flow Graph (CFG) A control flow graph describes the sequence in which the different instructions of a program get executed. In other words, a control flow graph describes how the control flows through the program. Data flow-based testing Data flow-based testing method selects test paths of a program according to the locations of the definitions and uses of different variables in a program.
  • 20. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BLACK BOX TESTING AND WHITE BOX TESTING Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing Definition It is a testing approach which is used to test the software without the knowledge of the internal structure of program or application. It is a testing approach in which internal structure is known to the tester. Alias It also knowns as data-driven, box testing, data-, and functional testing. It is also called structural testing, clear box testing, code-based testing, or glass box testing. Base of Testing Testing is based on external expectations; internal behavior of the application is unknown. Internal working is known, and the tester can test accordingly. Usage This type of testing is ideal for higher levels of testing like System Testing, Acceptance testing. Testing is best suited for a lower level of testing like Unit Testing, Integration testing.
  • 21. Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing Programming knowledge Programming knowledge is not needed to perform Black Box testing. Programming knowledge is required to perform White Box testing. Implementation knowledge Implementation knowledge is not requiring doing Black Box testing. Complete understanding needs to implement White Box testing. Automation Test and programmer are dependent on each other, so it is tough to automate. White Box testing is easy to automate. Objective The main objective of this testing is to check what functionality of the system under test. The main objective of White Box testing is done to check the quality of the code. Basis for test cases Testing can start after preparing requirement specification document. Testing can start after preparing for Detail design document. Tested by Performed by the end user, developer, and tester. Usually done by tester and developers.
  • 22. Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing Granularity Granularity is low. Granularity is high. Testing method It is based on trial and error method. Data domain and internal boundaries can be tested. Time It is less exhaustive and time- consuming. Exhaustive and time-consuming method. Algorithm test Not the best method for algorithm testing. Best suited for algorithm testing. Benefit Well suited and efficient for large code segments. It allows removing the extra lines of code, which can bring in hidden defects. Skill level Low skilled testers can test the application with no knowledge of the implementation of programming language or operating system. Need an expert tester with vast experience to perform white box testing.
  • 23. Parameter Black Box testing White Box testing Techniques Equivalence partitioning is Black box testing technique is used for Black box testing. Equivalence partitioning divides input values into valid and invalid partitions and selecting corresponding values from each partition of the test data. Boundary value analysis checks boundaries for input values. Statement Coverage, Branch coverage, and Path coverage are White Box testing technique. Statement Coverage validates whether every line of the code is executed at least once. Branch coverage validates whether each branch is executed at least once Path coverage method tests all the paths of the program. Drawbacks Update to automation test script is essential if you to modify application frequently. Automated test cases can become useless if the code base is rapidly changing.