Passive movement involves moving a body part without active muscle contraction. There are several types: relaxed passive movements where a therapist smoothly moves a joint within its pain-free range; accessory movements which are small rotational or gliding motions in a joint; and passive manual techniques like joint mobilizations and manipulations. Controlled stretching can also be applied to tight muscles and tissues. Passive movements help maintain range of motion, prevent adhesions, reduce swelling, and stretch contracted structures. They are important for patients who cannot actively move due to injury or condition.
The document discusses neuromuscular re-education, which is a rehabilitation technique used to restore normal movement in people with neurological impairments. It aims to improve balance, coordination, and proprioception. Therapists assess weaknesses, spasticity, and alternative pathways to develop individualized treatment plans using exercises, stretching, electrical stimulation, and splinting. For cerebellar ataxia patients, therapy focuses on static and dynamic balance, trunk-limb coordination, and contracture prevention to restore trunk stability and provide a foundation for movement. The overall goal is to re-educate patients on effective and optimal performance of difficult actions and functional skills.
This document provides an overview of posture, including definitions, types, mechanisms, patterns, principles of re-education, and presentation of good posture. It defines posture as the body's position either at rest or during movement. There are inactive postures for rest and active static and dynamic postures that require muscle coordination. Posture is maintained through complex reflexes involving muscles, eyes, ears, and joints. Good posture is efficient with minimal effort, while poor posture is inefficient and causes unnecessary muscle strain. Re-education of posture focuses on identifying and treating causes, gaining patient cooperation, relaxation/mobility exercises, and establishing new posture habits through repetition and education.
this ppt is about therapeutic massage by physiotherapist. includes details like indications, contraindications, effects, preparation of patient & therapist & classification of manipulations.
This ppt is all about active movements of human body Indications and contraindications are mentioned for the same
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
This document defines and describes the different types of muscle work. There are two main types: static work where the muscle maintains posture without movement, and dynamic work where the muscle produces movement. Static work includes isometric contractions that generate force without length change. Dynamic work includes three types of contractions - isotonic where tension is constant during movement, isokinetic where velocity is constant, and isoinertial where resistance remains constant.
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics) Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
posture analysis and alignment in different views, deformities of different parts of the body segments
Suspension therapy involves suspending parts of the body in the air using ropes, slings, and other equipment attached to fixed points above. This allows for increased range of motion, muscle strengthening, and other benefits by reducing friction and gravity's effects. There are different types of suspension including vertical, axial, and pendular suspension, each providing support or movement in different ways. Various materials like ropes, slings, cleats, and frames are used to safely suspend and move body parts for therapeutic goals like improved flexibility, circulation, and muscle properties.
Stretching is a therapeutic maneuver to increase flexibility by elongating shortened soft tissues. Several factors can contribute to hypomobility including immobilization, poor posture, and injury. Stretching protocols should involve proper alignment, stabilization, low intensity stretches held for 20-30 seconds repeated 3-5 times per week. Common stretching types include static, PNF, and ballistic stretching. Stretching is contraindicated for acute injuries, infections, or joint instability.
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), a type of electrical stimulation treatment. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents to generate a low frequency interference current in the tissues for therapeutic effects. It provides pain relief and motor stimulation while avoiding skin irritation experienced with other currents. IFT is indicated for various painful conditions and edema and uses specific frequencies for different treatments, like 1-10Hz rhythmic mode for reducing swelling. Precautions include avoiding direct electrode contact and proper placement to ensure current passes through tissues as intended.
Galvanic current is a low frequency, interrupted direct current with pulse durations over 1ms up to 300ms and frequencies under 50Hz. It was discovered in the 1780s by Luigi Galvani and can cause contraction of denervated muscles through sluggish contractions, stimulation of sensory nerves resulting in pain sensations, and stimulation of motor nerves at high intensities. Therapeutically, galvanic current is used to retard muscle atrophy and substitute for normal muscle contraction in denervated muscles by slowing structural and functional changes like loss of activity and fibrosis through electrical stimulation. It can also be used facially to reduce dullness, fine lines, wrinkles, and improve elasticity and oxygen supply.
This document discusses active movement and resisted exercise. It defines active movement as voluntary movement performed using one's own strength. Resisted exercise involves applying an external force in opposition to muscular contraction to increase tension and develop muscle power and endurance. The document outlines various techniques for resisted exercise, including proper positioning, stabilization, applying traction, and using the correct resisting force matched to the individual's ability. It recommends low resistance with high repetitions to develop endurance and high resistance with low repetitions to build power and muscle size.
- Active or free exercise refers to voluntary movements performed without external resistance beyond gravity. - Free exercises are classified as localized exercises targeting specific joints or muscle groups or general exercises involving many joints and muscles. - The main benefits of free exercises include maintaining joint mobility, muscle power and tone, improving neuromuscular coordination, building confidence, and encouraging circulatory and respiratory cooperation. When performed correctly, free exercises can help rehabilitate muscles without external assistance.
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
Active movement refers to voluntary movement performed with one's own strength or energy. Assisted exercise involves applying an external force to help compensate for muscle deficiencies and ensure maximum effort from the weakened muscles. The principles of assisted exercise include applying assistance in the direction of muscle action, starting from a position of minimal tension in antagonistic muscles, and decreasing assistance as muscle power increases. The goal is for the patient to achieve controlled active movement without assistance over time through strengthening and retraining coordination.
A form of exercise which are performed in group under the supervision of therapist. Ref: The principles of Exercise therapy by M. Dena Gardiner
;Passive movements are those which are performed by therapist. It is also called Passive Range of motion (PROM). It is divide into Five types .Also passive movements can be done by mechanically.