TYPES OF MOVEMENT AND POSTURE.pptx

Muscles classification according to fibers arrangement of muscle and on the basis of muscle function in body

This document discusses various aspects of posture including definitions of different types of posture, muscle involvement in maintaining posture, postural reflexes, factors affecting posture, and descriptions and causes of some common postural deviations like kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, etc. Key points include: - Posture is the body position maintained by muscle activity and reflexes in response to stimuli from muscles, eyes, ears and joints. Both static and dynamic posture involve integration of postural reflexes. - Good posture allows maximum efficiency with minimal effort while poor posture causes unnecessary muscle strain and reduces function. - Common postural deviations include kyphosis (rounded back), lordosis (swayback), and scoliosis

This document discusses the classification, structure, and function of different muscle types. It classifies muscles based on their striation, control, and location. Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary muscles that are attached to bones and produce movement. They have origins, bellies, and insertions connected by tendons. Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, found only in the heart. Smooth muscle lacks striations and is involuntary, found in visceral organs. Skeletal muscle fibers are arranged in parallel or obliquely. They shorten during contraction. Muscle function includes prime movers, antagonists, and fixators that work together to enable movement.

The document discusses the application of statics principles to analyze forces in the human body, using the elbow joint as an example. It describes the bones and muscles that make up the elbow joint. It then presents a mechanical model of the forearm, showing the forces acting on it - the tension in the biceps muscle, the weight of the forearm and object in the hand, and the reaction force at the elbow joint. The example problem sets up the free body diagram and defines the known forces and distances to enable solving for the unknown muscle and joint reaction forces using static equilibrium equations.

The document discusses functional core stabilization and chronic musculoskeletal pain caused by muscle imbalances and weaknesses in the core musculature. It notes that a comprehensive core stabilization program should be included in all lower extremity rehabilitation programs. It describes the anatomy and functions of the core musculature including the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex and how weaknesses can lead to compensation patterns and overuse or chronic injuries.

This document summarizes key aspects of skeletal muscle anatomy and physiology. It describes that skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and make up about 40% of body weight. It also explains how muscles contract and relax in pairs to enable movement, with one muscle contracting as its antagonist relaxes. Sensory receptors in muscles and tendons called muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs provide stretch and tension feedback to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation through reflexes like the stretch reflex and autogenic inhibition. The document concludes by discussing how sustained muscle shortening can cause pain and limitations, and how specific exercises can help rebalance shortened and overstretched muscles to reduce pain.

This document discusses different types of stretching exercises. It defines stretching as flexing or stretching muscles to improve elasticity and range of motion. There are dynamic stretches like controlled swinging motions and static stretches where a muscle is held at its farthest point. PNF stretching is the fastest way to improve flexibility and involves isometric contractions of muscles during stretching to relax and further stretch muscles. Different PNF techniques like hold-relax involve isometric contractions followed by passive stretching to improve range of motion. The document cautions that certain techniques like ballistic stretching or advanced PNF methods should only be done by trained athletes due to injury risks.

This document summarizes the different types of muscle contractions. It describes isotonic contractions where the load remains constant as the muscle changes length. Isokinetic contractions occur when muscle fibers shorten at a constant velocity. Isometric contractions prevent muscle shortening so tension develops at a constant length. The same internal events occur in each type of contraction, but they differ in whether the muscle shortens or changes length. Motor units, consisting of a motor neuron and muscle fibers it innervates, are also discussed.

Suúm iziwlIkr[ Vyayam is a type of exercise focused on loosening joints through slow, voluntary movement with awareness of each part of the body. The goal is to bring peace, balance, and relaxation to the physical body and pranic energy levels by slowing brain waves and improving organ function. Specific exercises include forward bending, backward bending, twisting, and side bending done in a step-wise manner with breath awareness.

This document discusses muscle relaxation and tone. It defines relaxation as muscles being free from tension at rest. Tension develops with muscle contraction and is reduced during relaxation. Muscles always maintain some tone or firmness even at rest due to muscle spindles. The document describes anatomy and function of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs which help regulate muscle tone and relaxation. It provides techniques to achieve general relaxation through positioning, breathing, and progressive relaxation methods. Localized relaxation techniques are also discussed.

The document discusses the muscular system and how muscles function. It describes the three main types of muscles - smooth, cardiac, and skeletal - and their different purposes. It explains how muscles contract and relax to enable movement, working in pairs as flexors, extensors, prime movers, antagonists, fixators, and synergists. It also discusses how exercise impacts the muscular system, increasing blood flow and oxygen uptake while depleting ATP stores and building up waste products.

This document discusses different types of postures including inactive, active, static, and dynamic postures. It defines posture as the alignment of the body with support during muscular activity or movement. Active postures require integrated muscle function to maintain a specific posture, either statically or dynamically. Good posture allows maximum efficiency with minimum effort while poor posture fails to benefit the intended function. Factors like illness, fatigue, pain and improper mental conditioning can contribute to poor posture.

There are three types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle is striated and attached to bones, producing body movement. It has an origin and insertion point. The internal structure includes bundles of fibers called pennate muscles. Skeletal muscles work as prime movers, antagonists, fixators, or synergists. Smooth muscle is involuntary and found within organs, while cardiac muscle makes up the heart wall.

Muscle tissue is composed of three main types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones via tendons and contracts to create movement at joints. Muscle contraction occurs when thin actin filaments slide over thick myosin filaments in a repetitive process. Proprioceptors like muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs provide feedback to the brain about muscle length, tension, and joint position to enable coordinated movement. Reciprocal inhibition ensures opposing muscle groups contract and relax in synchrony during motion. Factors like genetics, prior activities, and yoga influence characteristic movement patterns.

1. Muscle contraction occurs through the interaction of actin and myosin fibers, generating tension while the muscle may shorten, lengthen, or remain the same length. 2. There are three main types of muscular contractions: concentric contractions which shorten the muscle, eccentric contractions which lengthen the muscle, and isometric contractions which maintain the same muscle length. 3. Additional contraction types include isotonic where tension remains constant during length changes, isokinetic where speed remains constant, and auxotonic which is a near isotonic contraction. Each contraction type serves a distinct functional role in movement.

The document provides an introduction to the muscular system, including: - The three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. - Skeletal muscle is voluntary and allows movement, while smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary. - Muscles are named based on size, shape, direction, location, number of origins, and action. - The four major muscle groups are those of the head/neck, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities. - Key functions of muscles include motion, posture, joint stability, and heat production.

1. A compound movement recruits multiple muscles working together as a team, with one muscle serving as the primary mover (agonist) and others assisting (synergists) or stabilizing. This teaches better coordination than isolation movements. 2. During a bench press, the chest is the agonist, while the triceps and deltoids are synergists. Stabilizer muscles like the forearms prevent injury. Antagonist muscles like the back muscles also work to provide balance. 3. Compound movements allow for continuous linear progression, increased functional strength and carryover to other exercises, and greater release of anabolic hormones compared to isolation movements. The biggest compound exercises are squats, deadlif

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FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

Soft tissue injuries are more common than bony injuries and include damage to muscles, ligaments, tendons and other connective tissues. Management of soft tissue injuries is generally conservative and focuses on controlling pain and inflammation in the acute stage, restoring mobility and range of motion in the subacute stage, and strengthening and returning to full function in the chronic stage through physiotherapy. Physiotherapy treatment progresses from rest and protection to increasingly active movement, stretching and strengthening exercises tailored to each injury stage.