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winton huang
From Microservice to Kubernetes
1
2 IBM
Microservices Best Practices
2
3 IBM
Problems of “monolithic” architecture
Large codebase, multiple developers
• Inefficient to manage
• Change in one module -> repackage the whole
thing
• Slows down the development velocity -> conflicts,
coordination, approvals
• Delays in identifying the root cause of failures
• Responsibility issues, blame games
3
4 IBM
Monolith vs Microservices Example

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Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes that allows for easy installation, upgrade, and management of Kubernetes applications. It provides repeatability, reliability, and simplifies deploying applications across multiple Kubernetes environments. Helm originated from an internal hackathon at Deis and was jointly developed by Google and Deis. It is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. Helm consists of a client that interacts with the Tiller server running inside the Kubernetes cluster to manage application lifecycles using charts, which are packages containing Kubernetes resource definitions.

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Docker allows building portable software that can run anywhere by packaging an application and its dependencies in a standardized unit called a container. Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It groups containers that make up an application into logical units for easy management and discovery. Kubernetes can replicate containers, provide load balancing, coordinate updates between containers, and ensure availability. Defining applications as Kubernetes resources allows them to be deployed and updated easily across a cluster.

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 Kubernetes Architecture Kubernetes Architecture
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In this session, we will discuss the architecture of a Kubernetes cluster. we will go through all the master and worker components of a kubernetes cluster. We will also discuss the basic terminology of Kubernetes cluster such as Pods, Deployments, Service etc. We will also cover networking inside Kuberneets. In the end, we will discuss options available for the setup of a Kubernetes cluster.

kubernetesconatinerizationcontainer- orchestration
5 IBM
Cloud Native App suitability for digital app
Speed
Agility
Flexibility
Cloud-native applications are pieces
of software designed to capitalize on
cloud functionality.
Typically, they are:
• Composed of Microservices
• Packaged in Containers
• Rapidly (Re)Deployable in a
Continuous Delivery Model
6 IBM
Microservices characteristics
• One job
• Separate processes
• Execution scope
• CI/CD
• Resiliency
• Independent
• Flexible/Scalable
• Replaceable
• Upgradable
7 IBM
Why Microservices
• Each team is independent from the rest, decoupling the release cycle with
others.
• Clear separation of boundaries.
• Easier to identify when things go wrong.
• Choice of programming language appropriate for the task.
• Refactoring becomes easier.
• Enabler for CI/CD pipelines.
8 IBM
Example

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This document provides an overview of Kubernetes including: - Kubernetes is an open source system for managing containerized applications and services across clusters of hosts. It provides tools to deploy, maintain, and scale applications. - Kubernetes objects include pods, services, deployments, jobs, and others to define application components and how they relate. - The Kubernetes architecture consists of a control plane running on the master including the API server, scheduler and controller manager. Nodes run the kubelet and kube-proxy to manage pods and services. - Kubernetes can be deployed on AWS using tools like CloudFormation templates to automate cluster creation and management for high availability and scalability.

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Kubernetes
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This document provides an overview of Kubernetes, a container orchestration system. It begins with background on Docker containers and orchestration tools prior to Kubernetes. It then covers key Kubernetes concepts including pods, labels, replication controllers, and services. Pods are the basic deployable unit in Kubernetes, while replication controllers ensure a specified number of pods are running. Services provide discovery and load balancing for pods. The document demonstrates how Kubernetes can be used to scale, upgrade, and rollback deployments through replication controllers and services.

kubernetesdockercluster
9 IBM
Docker Container and
Kubernetes Basics
9
10 IBM
Containers
10
11 IBM
Containers – Powering Microservices
Real world shipping containers
• Road, rail & sea
• Contents untouched
• Ubiquitous & standardized
• Simple
• Contents protected
• Constraints
12 IBM
Containers – Powering Microservices
Software containers
• 1 image -> Many containers
– Laptop, DC, cloud
– Dev, QA, production, support
• Simple, efficient
• Isolation
• Constraints

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An Introduction to Kubernetes
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Traditional virtualization technologies have been used by cloud infrastructure providers for many years in providing isolated environments for hosting applications. These technologies make use of full-blown operating system images for creating virtual machines (VMs). According to this architecture, each VM needs its own guest operating system to run application processes. More recently, with the introduction of the Docker project, the Linux Container (LXC) virtualization technology became popular and attracted the attention. Unlike VMs, containers do not need a dedicated guest operating system for providing OS-level isolation, rather they can provide the same level of isolation on top of a single operating system instance. An enterprise application may need to run a server cluster to handle high request volumes. Running an entire server cluster on Docker containers, on a single Docker host could introduce the risk of single point of failure. Google started a project called Kubernetes to solve this problem. Kubernetes provides a cluster of Docker hosts for managing Docker containers in a clustered environment. It provides an API on top of Docker API for managing docker containers on multiple Docker hosts with many more features.

iaaskubernetescloud computing
Introduction to kubernetes
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This document provides an introduction to Kubernetes including: - What Kubernetes is and what it does including abstracting infrastructure, providing self-healing capabilities, and providing a uniform interface across clouds. - Key concepts including pods, services, labels, selectors, and namespaces. Pods are the atomic unit and services provide a unified access method. Labels and selectors are used to identify and group related objects. - The Kubernetes architecture including control plane components like kube-apiserver, etcd, and kube-controller-manager. Node components include kubelet and kube-proxy. Optional services like cloud-controller-manager and cluster DNS are also described.

kubernetesintro
13 IBM
• Standardized packaging for
software and dependencies
• Isolate apps from each other
• Share the same OS kernel
• Works with all major Linux and
Windows Server
What is a container?
14 IBM
VMs vs. Containers
VM VMVM
Bare Metal
Host Operating System
Hypervisor
Guest OS
Libraries
Apps
Service
Guest OS
Libraries
Apps
Service
Guest OS
Libraries
Apps
Service
Container ContainerContainer
Bare Metal
Host Operating System
Docker Engine
Libraries
Libraries
Apps
Libraries
Apps
Service ServiceService
15 IBM
Benefits of VMs
• Better resource pooling
– One physical machine divided into multiple virtual machines
• Easier to scale
• VMs in the cloud
– Rapid elasticity
– Pay as you go model
16 IBM
Limitations of VMs
• Each VM stills requires
– CPU allocation
– Storage
– RAM
– An entire guest operating system
• The more VMs you run, the more resources you need
• Guest OS means wasted resources
• Application portability not guaranteed

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Soft Introduction to Google's framework for taming containers in the cloud. For devs and architects that they just enter the world of cloud, microservices and containers

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17 IBM
Comparing Containers and VMs
Containers are an app
level construct
VMs are an infrastructure level
construct to turn one machine
into many servers
18 IBM
Docker
• Simple to use
• 100K+ images on Docker Hub
• Build images from images
• Platforms
– Linux, OS X, Windows
– Laptop, VM, Cloud,…
– Cloud services
19 IBM
History of Docker
20 IBM
Docker Architecture

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kubernetes
21 IBM
Microservice Architectures Built on Containers
Many small, focused
containers -> sophisticated
services
• Well defined APIs
• Independent languages &
libraries
• Modular: easy
maintenance + reuse
• Fault tolerant
• Scalable
• Immutable
22 IBM
Orchestration
22
23 IBM
Typically microservices are encapsulated inside containers…
One:One relationship between a microservice and a container
Everyone’s container journey starts with one container….
24 IBM
At first the growth is easy to handle….

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docker bluemix ibm
25 IBM
But soon it is overwhelming…we need container
and microservices management
26 IBM
Enter Container Orchestrator
IBM Bluemix Container Service
27 IBM
Kubernetes
28 IBM
Slide Title Goes Here
What is Kubernetes?
• Container orchestrator
• Runs and manages containers
• Supports multiple cloud and bare-metal environments
• Inspired and informed by Google's experiences and internal systems
• 100% Open source, written in Go
• Manage applications, not machines
• Rich ecosystem of plug-ins for scheduling, storage, networking

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This document provides an introduction and overview of containers, Kubernetes, IBM Container Service, and IBM Cloud Private. It discusses how microservices architectures break monolithic applications into smaller, independently developed services. Containers are presented as a standard way to package applications to move between environments. Kubernetes is introduced as an open-source system for automating deployment and management of containerized applications. IBM Cloud Container Service and IBM Cloud Private are then overviewed as platforms that combine Docker and Kubernetes to enable deployment of containerized applications on IBM Cloud infrastructure.

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Edge 2016 SCL-2484: a software defined scalable and flexible container manage...
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The material for IBM Edge 2016 session for Spectrum Container Management Solution. https://www-01.ibm.com/events/global/edge/sessions/. Please refer to http://ibm.biz/ConductorForContainers for more details about Spectrum Conductor for Containers. Please refer to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YMjP6EypqA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9oVPU3rwhE for the demo of Spectrum Conductor for Containers.

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Manage microservices on Kubernetes using the open source Istio service mesh from IBM, Google, and Lyft. In this presentation we explore the overall value and architecture of Istio and walk through key mechanisms for using Istio to drive highly secure microservices. We will also demonstrate the various features of Istio showing how to intelligently load balance traffic between services, conduct A/B tests, release canaries, and more.

istiokubernetesservice mesh
30 IBM
Intelligent Scheduling Self-healing Horizontal scaling
Service discovery & load balancing Automated rollouts and rollbacks Secret and configuration management
31 IBM
Slide Title Goes HereKubernetes Architecture
API
UI
CLI
Kubernetes
Master
Worker Node 1
Worker Node 2
Worker Node 3
Worker Node n
Registry
• Etcd
• API Server
• Controller
Manager Server
• Scheduler
Server
31
32 IBM
Thank you
32

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Kubernetes 101

  • 3. 3 IBM Problems of “monolithic” architecture Large codebase, multiple developers • Inefficient to manage • Change in one module -> repackage the whole thing • Slows down the development velocity -> conflicts, coordination, approvals • Delays in identifying the root cause of failures • Responsibility issues, blame games 3
  • 4. 4 IBM Monolith vs Microservices Example
  • 5. 5 IBM Cloud Native App suitability for digital app Speed Agility Flexibility Cloud-native applications are pieces of software designed to capitalize on cloud functionality. Typically, they are: • Composed of Microservices • Packaged in Containers • Rapidly (Re)Deployable in a Continuous Delivery Model
  • 6. 6 IBM Microservices characteristics • One job • Separate processes • Execution scope • CI/CD • Resiliency • Independent • Flexible/Scalable • Replaceable • Upgradable
  • 7. 7 IBM Why Microservices • Each team is independent from the rest, decoupling the release cycle with others. • Clear separation of boundaries. • Easier to identify when things go wrong. • Choice of programming language appropriate for the task. • Refactoring becomes easier. • Enabler for CI/CD pipelines.
  • 9. 9 IBM Docker Container and Kubernetes Basics 9
  • 11. 11 IBM Containers – Powering Microservices Real world shipping containers • Road, rail & sea • Contents untouched • Ubiquitous & standardized • Simple • Contents protected • Constraints
  • 12. 12 IBM Containers – Powering Microservices Software containers • 1 image -> Many containers – Laptop, DC, cloud – Dev, QA, production, support • Simple, efficient • Isolation • Constraints
  • 13. 13 IBM • Standardized packaging for software and dependencies • Isolate apps from each other • Share the same OS kernel • Works with all major Linux and Windows Server What is a container?
  • 14. 14 IBM VMs vs. Containers VM VMVM Bare Metal Host Operating System Hypervisor Guest OS Libraries Apps Service Guest OS Libraries Apps Service Guest OS Libraries Apps Service Container ContainerContainer Bare Metal Host Operating System Docker Engine Libraries Libraries Apps Libraries Apps Service ServiceService
  • 15. 15 IBM Benefits of VMs • Better resource pooling – One physical machine divided into multiple virtual machines • Easier to scale • VMs in the cloud – Rapid elasticity – Pay as you go model
  • 16. 16 IBM Limitations of VMs • Each VM stills requires – CPU allocation – Storage – RAM – An entire guest operating system • The more VMs you run, the more resources you need • Guest OS means wasted resources • Application portability not guaranteed
  • 17. 17 IBM Comparing Containers and VMs Containers are an app level construct VMs are an infrastructure level construct to turn one machine into many servers
  • 18. 18 IBM Docker • Simple to use • 100K+ images on Docker Hub • Build images from images • Platforms – Linux, OS X, Windows – Laptop, VM, Cloud,… – Cloud services
  • 21. 21 IBM Microservice Architectures Built on Containers Many small, focused containers -> sophisticated services • Well defined APIs • Independent languages & libraries • Modular: easy maintenance + reuse • Fault tolerant • Scalable • Immutable
  • 23. 23 IBM Typically microservices are encapsulated inside containers… One:One relationship between a microservice and a container Everyone’s container journey starts with one container….
  • 24. 24 IBM At first the growth is easy to handle….
  • 25. 25 IBM But soon it is overwhelming…we need container and microservices management
  • 26. 26 IBM Enter Container Orchestrator IBM Bluemix Container Service
  • 28. 28 IBM Slide Title Goes Here What is Kubernetes? • Container orchestrator • Runs and manages containers • Supports multiple cloud and bare-metal environments • Inspired and informed by Google's experiences and internal systems • 100% Open source, written in Go • Manage applications, not machines • Rich ecosystem of plug-ins for scheduling, storage, networking
  • 29. 30 IBM Intelligent Scheduling Self-healing Horizontal scaling Service discovery & load balancing Automated rollouts and rollbacks Secret and configuration management
  • 30. 31 IBM Slide Title Goes HereKubernetes Architecture API UI CLI Kubernetes Master Worker Node 1 Worker Node 2 Worker Node 3 Worker Node n Registry • Etcd • API Server • Controller Manager Server • Scheduler Server 31