FARADIC CURRENT.pptx

This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.

Interrupted direct current (IDC) involves delivering unidirectional current pulses separated by intervals of no current. The pulses can have different durations, frequencies, rise/fall times, and waveforms (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, sawtooth). IDC is used therapeutically for sensory stimulation, pain relief, accelerating healing, and muscle stimulation. It works on nerves and muscles depending on pulse duration and intensity. Techniques like labile and group stimulation are used to target all muscle fibers. IDC has physiological effects like hyperaemia and contraindications like metal implants or risk of injury.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) lies between visible light and X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. The document discusses the different types of UVR (UVA, UVB, UVC), their effects on the skin like sunburn, tanning, and skin cancer. It also summarizes therapeutic uses of UVR for various skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, and wounds. Determining the minimal erythemal dose (MED) through a skin test is described as the basis for calculating safe UVR dosages for patients.

The document provides information on different types of low frequency therapeutic currents, including: 1) Faradic current, which is a short-duration interrupted current ranging from 0.1-1 msec at 50-100 Hz, used to produce near normal muscle contraction and relaxation. 2) Galvanic current, which is a direct current that flows continuously in one direction, and an interrupted form used for denervated muscle stimulation. 3) Sinusoidal currents, which are evenly alternating 50 Hz waves similar to mains current, providing 100 pulses per second. 4) Diadynamic currents, which are variations of sinusoidal currents involving single or double-phase rectification of alternating current produced

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as cold laser therapy, uses low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes to reduce pain and inflammation and stimulate healing. LLLT works by stimulating cellular functions through photobiomodulation. The document discusses the mechanisms through which LLLT provides therapeutic effects such as reducing pain, decreasing inflammation, and improving wound healing. It provides information on appropriate dosages, wavelengths, application techniques, indications, contraindications, and safety precautions for LLLT.

Fluidotherapy is a heating modality that uses a stream of heated air to fluidize fine particles like corn cob inside a cabinet. This creates air pockets and bubbles that transmit heat and tactile stimulation to the body part inside. It works by convection to transfer heat from the circulating heated air and particles to increase blood flow and assist with pain relief. The fluidized particles allow limbs to float freely and exercise to be performed inside the cabinet. Research studies have found fluidotherapy may help reduce edema but is not effective for improving hand function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. It also does not provide as much rewarming for mild hypothermia as warm water immersion.

Heat has various physiological effects including vasodilation, reduced blood viscosity, increased nerve stimulation and metabolic rate, elevated pain threshold, and changes in muscle strength. Therapeutically, heat encourages healing by boosting blood flow, relieves pain, reduces muscle spasm, and increases tissue extensibility. Proper application of heat modalities can accelerate wound healing, relieve inflammation and edema, and improve joint range of motion. However, temperatures above 45°C can damage tissues.

Sinusoidal current produces a sine wave alternating current of 50 Hz, giving 100 pulses per second with durations of 10ms each, alternating direction 50 times in each direction. It is produced from mains power by reducing the voltage to 60-80v using a step down transformer. When passed through the body, sinusoidal current causes changes in ion concentrations at cell membranes, producing muscle contraction in nerves and ionic movement in other tissues. It is commonly used to cause rhythmic muscle contractions and relieve pain and reduce swelling by alternately changing cell membrane permeability. Indications include pain and pain/swelling, while contraindications include skin lesions, infections, and impaired sensation.

Russian current is a medium-frequency current delivered in bursts at 2500 Hz. It produces strong muscle contractions through synchronous motor nerve depolarization. Key characteristics include a carrier frequency of 2500 Hz, burst frequency of 50 Hz, burst duration of 10 ms, and a 10/50/10 training protocol. Russian current is indicated for muscle strengthening, reducing muscle spasm and edema, such as following knee ligament injuries or surgery.

The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.

This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. It delivers a monophasic twin peak waveform with a high voltage up to 500 volts and short pulse duration to stimulate nerves and tissues. HVPGS can be used to promote wound healing, reduce edema, manage pain, and stimulate muscle. It provides physiological effects like increasing range of motion and blood flow. Treatment duration is typically 15-30 minutes per session and can be repeated daily.

Infrared radiation therapy involves using electromagnetic waves between visible light and microwaves to heat superficial tissues. It can be generated by luminous sources like tungsten filament lamps or non-luminous sources like heated coils. Infrared radiation increases blood flow, relieves pain and muscle spasms, and accelerates healing through superficial tissue heating. Proper application and monitoring are needed to provide benefits while avoiding potential risks like burns.

This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), a type of electrical stimulation treatment. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents to generate a low frequency interference current in the tissues for therapeutic effects. It provides pain relief and motor stimulation while avoiding skin irritation experienced with other currents. IFT is indicated for various painful conditions and edema and uses specific frequencies for different treatments, like 1-10Hz rhythmic mode for reducing swelling. Precautions include avoiding direct electrode contact and proper placement to ensure current passes through tissues as intended.

suspension therapy in details with the principles, indications, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, materials required for performing activities using suspension techniques.

High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS) is a form of electrical stimulation using very brief high voltage pulses to stimulate nerve and muscle fibers. HVPGS uses pairs of pulses lasting 0.1 milliseconds with peak currents of 2-2.5 amps applied at a frequency of 2-100 Hz. The brief pulses allow the current to pass easily through tissue. HVPGS is used to strengthen muscles, reduce pain, and aid wound healing by increasing blood flow and reducing edema. The document provides details on the parameters and generator of HVPGS and discusses its various applications.

a detailed description on theory behind Strength duration curve, along with procedure for plotting SD Curve and measuring the Rheobase and Chronaxie of the plotted graph.

This document discusses whirlpool bath therapy. It describes how whirlpool baths combine water temperature and mechanical stimulation from jets of water or air to provide therapeutic benefits. Different types of whirlpool baths are used for specific body parts or full immersion. Benefits include pain relief, relaxation of muscles, improved circulation, and preparation for other treatments. Proper technique and monitoring for safety is important when using whirlpool baths.

Faradic current is a short duration, interrupted electrical current used for muscle stimulation. It produces asymmetrical, biphasic waveforms. Faradic currents are surged to produce near-normal tetanic muscle contractions and relaxations. They are produced via a circuit consisting of two parallel triode valves. Faradic currents stimulate motor nerves to cause muscle contraction if the intensity is high enough. They are used diagnostically and therapeutically for conditions like muscle weakness and nerve damage. Proper application and parameters are important to achieve benefits while avoiding dangers like burns.