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1
Emerging Technologies
Dr. Kamal Gulati
drkamalgulati@gmail.com
www.mybigdataanalytics.in
Emerging Technologies
 Importance of Data - Where to find it, how to store, manipulate, and characterize it
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Introduction to AI & ML Technologies/ Applications
 Machine Learning (ML), Basic Machine Learning algorithms.
 Applications of AI & ML in Marketing, Sales, Finance, Operations, Supply Chain
& Human Resources Data Governance
 Legal and Ethical Issues
 Robotic Process automation (RPA)
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Cloud Computing
2
Some Key Discussions
 1. The Biggest retailer in the World who doesn't own a single retail
store?
 AMAZON
 2. The Biggest hotel chain of the world who doesn’t own a single
hotel
 AIRBNB
 3. The Biggest fleet owner of the world who doesn’t own a single
car?
 UBER
 4. The Biggest entertainment company of the world who doesn’t own
a single cinema or multiplex?
 NETFLIX
 5. The Biggest knowledge bank of the world who has never
published a single book?
 GOOGLE
How is this Possible?
4

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5
Importance of Data –
Where to find it,
how to store,
manipulate, and
characterize it
6
What
is
Data ?
A collection of raw
facts and figures.
Raw material
that can be
processed by
any
computing
machine.
A collection of
facts from
which
conclusions
may be drawn.
Data can be
represented in
the form of:
numbers,
Alphabets &
Symbols which
can be stored
in computer's
language.
•i.e. Kamal
Gulati,
kamal@123
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Information?
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• An organized collection of related information so that it
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Instances
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• Aim is to support the development of
information systems by providing the
definition and format of data.
• If the same data structures are used to
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• Classification:
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conceptually.
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Entity-Relationship (E-R) Model
College Principal
College
Student C
Student A
Student B
College 3
College 2
College 1
Course C
Course B
Course A
Student Course
Admissio
n
Stud_Nam
e
Stud_Roll
No
Course_I
d
Course_Na
me
Relationships E-R diagram
2. Representation Model
• Representation of data stored inside
a database.
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the database.
• It uses the concepts which are close to
the end-users.
• Classification:
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B. Relational
C. Network
A. Hierarchical Database Model
• Developed by IBM, is the Oldest database model.
• Represented using a tree-diagram.
(Parent-child relationship)
• Each box is called a Node
• The nodes represent a record type.
• A line connecting nodes
represents the link.
Director
Manager
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Manage
r
(Sales)
Manager
(HR)
Area
Manager
1
Area
Manage
r 2
Area
Manage
r 3
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1
Sales Exe.
2
Sales
Representative
Cont…
• Parent-child type is suited for One-to-many
relationship between two entities.
• But difficult to implement
many-to-many relationship.
e.g.:
IMS system from IBM.
*IMS -Information Management System
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r
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Manager
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r 1
Area
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1002 Rahul Singh A
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-Used by DB designers to define schema.
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-For accessing and manipulating the data.
e.g.: CONNECT, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,
DELETE, EXECUTE
3. Data Control Language (DCL):
-Similar to a computer programming language used to control
access to data stored in a database.
-e.g.: GRANT, REVOKE
Database System Architectures
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also evolved the database and its architecture.
• Classification:
1.Centralized DBMSArchitecture
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2. Client-Server Architecture
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The document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses the history of DBMS beginning in the early 1960s. It also covers data models like hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and deductive. The document describes the architecture and components of a DBMS. It lists advantages like data independence and security as well as disadvantages such as costs. Key concepts covered include data storage, processing, and retrieval.

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The document discusses the history of database management and database models through 6 generations from 1900 to present. It describes the evolution from early manual record keeping systems to current big data technologies. Key database models discussed include hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and dimensional models. The document also covers topics like data warehousing and data mining.

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Ways of Achieving AI
1
Machine
Learning
2
Deep
Learning
Machine Learning
Machine learning refers to
the use of algorithms to
parse data, process and
learn from it, in order to
make predictions or
determinations about
something.
One of the best application
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computer vision: OCR,
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Case 1: What Net Neutrality Means for You
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zq-2Yk5OgKc
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCF54nqabB0
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57
What Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Are Raised by
Information Systems?
 Recent cases of failed ethical judgment in business
–In many, information systems used to bury decisions from public scrutiny
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opportunities for:
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rights, and obligations
–New kinds of crime
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Computing power doubles every 18 months
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Data analysis advances
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Profiling
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online shopping Image source:
5 V’s of BIG DATA
• 1. VOLUME
Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-
2. VARIETY
Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-
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4. VALUE
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5. VERACITY
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BIG DATA Analytics
• Big Data collected by Smart Meter
Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-
How Smart Meter BIG DATAis Analyzed
IBM Smart Meter
Solution
Hadoop: Solution to BIG DATA Problems

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Hadoop Ecosystem
Cloud Computing
When it’s smarter to rent than to buy
Cloud Computing
An environment created in a user’s
machine from an on-line application
stored on the cloud and run through
a web browser.
In simple language Cloud computing
is using the internet to access
someone else's software running on
someone else's hardware in someone
else's data center.
Cloud Computing
Services
►Software as a Service (SaaS)-
End Users
►Platform as a Service (PaaS)-
Application Developers
►Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)-NetworkArchitects

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Software as a Service(SaaS)
• Just run it for me!
• Also known as On-demand Service.
• An application that can be accessed
from anywhere on the world as long
as you can have an computer with an
Internet connection.
• We can access this cloud hosted
application without any additional
hardware or software.eg: G-mail,
Yahoo mail, Hotmail etc..,
• Also they can provide security
features such as SSL encryption,a
cryptographic protocol.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)- Application Developers
• Give us nice API (Application
Programming Interface) and take care
of the implementation.
• In the PaaS model, cloud providers
deliver a computing platform and/or
solution stack typically including
operating system, programming
language execution environment,
database, and web server.
• It is a platform for developers to
write and create their own SaaS i.e.
applications. which means rapid
development at low cost.
• E.g.: Salesforce.com, Windows Azure
etc.
Source: www.slideshare.net/cloud-
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)- NetworkArchitect
• Also known as hardware as a service.
• It is a computing power that you can rent for a limited period of time.
• Allows existing applications to be run on a cloud suppliershardware.
• Cloud providers offer computers – as physical or more often as virtual
machines – raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and networks
Source: www.slideshare.net/cloud-
Cloud Architecture
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

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Modes of Clouds
• Public Cloud
► Computing infrastructure is hosted by cloud vendor at the vendors
premises.
► and can be shared by various organizations.
► E.g. : Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Salesforce
• Private Cloud
► The computing infrastructure is dedicated to a particular organization
and not shared with other organizations.
► more expensive and more secure when compare to public cloud.
► E.g. : HP data center, IBM, Sun, Oracle, 3tera
• Hybrid Cloud
► Organizations may host critical applications on privateclouds.
► where as relatively less security concerns on publiccloud.
► usage of both public and private together is called hybridcloud.
Source:
Distributed vs. Grid vs. Cloud
Parameters Distributed Grid Cloud
Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes
Scalability Slowest, Rigid and
Costly
Slower, somewhat
flexible, costly
Instant, Flexible,
Pay-per-usage
Cost High CapEx Costly, sometime
monthly/yearly
contracts, no capEx
No contracts, usage
based, no upfront
costs
*Green* Low Low High- Virtualized
Pricing Model Buy servers and pay
fully weather used
or not
Rent servers and
hosting cost
weather used or not
Rent based on usage
only
Source: www.slideshare.net/cloud-
Is Cloud Computing reduces E-
Wastes?
• Green IT Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is Eco-Friendly.
• We can reduce E-waste by using Cloud
Computing i.e. by Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS).
• Cloud Computing Helps to Accelerate
Green IT
• Can reduce Global Warming too..
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BusinessGoals:
Provide visual environment for
building custom mobile
application
Charge customers based on
the platform they are using,
number of consumers’
applications etc.
Business Area:
Cloud based platform for building,
deploying, hosting and managing
of mobile applications
Case Study #1: Usage & Billing Analysis
ArchitecturalDecisions
▪ Reliability(24/7)
▪ Security(Multitenancy)
▪ Self-Service(Ad-Hoc reports)
▪ Cost(Thelessthebetter  )
▪ Constraints(PublicCloud)
ArchitectureDrivers:
▪ V
olume(> 10TB)
▪ Sources(Semi-structured- JSON)
▪ Throughput(>10K/sec)
▪ Latency(2min)
▪ Extensibility(Custommetrics)
▪ DataQuality(Consistency)
Trade-off:
Extended
Relationa
l
Non-Relational
Extensibility ‐ +
DataQuality + ‐
Self-Service + ‐
 Extended RelationalArchitecture
 Extensibility viaPre‐allocated
Fields pattern
SolutionArchitecture
Technologies:
• AmazonRedshift
• AmazonSQS
• AmazonS3
• ElasticBeanstalk
• JaspersoftB
IProfessional
• Python

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Business Goals:
Build in-house Analytics Platform for ROI
measurement and performance analysis of every
product and feature delivered by the e-commerce
platform;
Provide the ability to understand how end-users are
interacting with service content, products, and
features on sites;
Do clickstream analysis;
Perform A/B Testing
Business Area:
Retail. A platform for e-commerce
and collecting feedbacks from
customers
Case Study #2: Clickstream for retail website
Extended
Relation
al
Non-
Relation
al
Volume/Scalability +/‐ +
Throughput + +
Self-Service + +/‐
Extensibility ‐ +
ArchitecturalDecisions
▪ Reliability(24/7)
▪ Security(Multitenancy)
▪ Self-Service(Cannedreports,Data
science)
▪ Cost(Thelessthebetter  )
▪ Constraints(PublicCloud)
ArchitectureDrivers:
▪ V
olume(45TB)
▪ Sources(Semi-structured- JSON)
▪ Throughput(> 20K/sec)
▪ Latency(1hour)
▪ Extensibility(Customtags)
▪ DataQuality(Notcritical)
Trade-off:
 Non‐RelationalArchitecture
 Reporting via MaterializedView
pattern
SolutionArchitecture
Technologies:
• AmazonS3
• Flume
• Hadoop/HDFS,MapReduce
• HBase
• Oozie
• Hive
Node1
Node 2
NodeN
Tips for Designing Big Data Solutions
 Understand data users and sources
 Discover architecture drivers
 Select proper reference architecture
 Do trade-off analysis, address cons
 Map reference architecture to technology
stack
 Prototype, re-evaluate architecture
 Estimate implementation efforts
 Set up devops practices from the very
beginning
 Advance in solution development through
“small wins”
 Be ready for changes, big data
technologies are evolving rapidly

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How should they judge in detail:
“Which player should they buy and which one they shouldn’t
it?”, “How much money should be spent on which
player?” or “What are the values of the different players?”.
Case Study #3: Data Science in IPL
Emerging Technologies in IT
Case Study #4: Data Science in Base Ball
Billy Beane, a baseball general
manager, and Peter Brand, an
economics graduate, challenge
convention as they try to form a
competitive sports team using
computer-based methods.
• Cancer is an incredibly complex disease; a single tumor can have
more than 100 billion cells, and each cell can acquire mutations
individually. The disease is always changing, evolving, and adapting.
• Employ the power of big data analytics and high-performance
computing.
• Leverage sophisticated pattern and machine learning algorithms to
identify patterns that are potentially linked to cancer
• Huge amount of data processing and recognition
13
2
Case Study #5: Data Science Cancer Research

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• Stanford Medicine, Google
team up to harness power of
data science for health care
• Stanford Medicine will use the
power, security and scale of
Google Cloud Platform to
support precision health and
more efficient patient care.
• Analyzing genetic data
• Focusing on precision health
• Data as the engine that
drives research
13
3
Source: http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2016/08/stanford-medicine-google-team-up-to-harness-power-of-data-science.html
Case Study #6: Data Science: Health Care
Data Science:
• The Obama campaigns in 2008 and 2012 are credited for their
successful use of social media and data mining.
• Micro-targeting in 2012
– http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/the-
creepiness-factor-how-obama-and-romney-are-getting-to-know-
you/255499/
– http://www.mediabizbloggers.com/group-m/How-Data-and-Micro-
Targeting-Won-the-2012-Election-for-Obama---Antony-Young-
Mindshare-North-America.html
• Micro-profiles built from multiple sources accessed by aps, real-
time updating data based on door-to-door visits, focused media
buys, e-mails and Facebook messages highly targeted.
• 1 million people installed the Obama Facebook app that gave
access to info on “friends”.
22
Case Study #7: Data Science: Elections
The Science of Election Forecasting
 Opinion Polls
 Poll of Polls
 Economic & Political Drivers
 Challenges in the Indian Context

Data Science: Case Study
13
6
Case Study #8: Data Science: Customer
Analytics

Recommended for you

RPA - Evolution of Era,Industry4.0
The4 Industrial Revolution by Christopher Roser
1700’sFirstIndustrial
Revolution
Mechanical
Technology equipped steam
and water to power the first
factories
1800’sSecondIndustrial
Revolution
Electrical:
Electricity made possiblethe
division of labor & mass
production
1900’sThirdIndustrial
Revolution
Automation:
ITenabled programmable
work &limited the reliance on
manual labor
Today
Fourth Industrial Revolution
Connected
Cyber-physical systems,
powered by IoTand fuelled by
data, create afully
interconnected society
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Asthe new job roles emanating out of upcoming disruptions areentrepreneurial,
scientific, creative, and disruptive in nature, it is necessary for usto reform the
education and skilling ecosystem
At the sametime:
GenNext & their Preferences also EvolvingFaster
Gen‘Z’Learners
• Highly connected,tech-savvy
• Amind-set that technology cansolve everyproblem
• Seekinvolvement in learning processbut at their ownpace
• Welcome challenges, enjoy groupworking
• Time & place agnostic learning, LoveFreedom
• Engagingthem in atraditional way is highlychallenging

Recommended for you

18
The Road
Ahead forYou
“The greatest value of a picture is
when it forces us to notice what we
never expected to see.”
John Tukey
24
143
144

Recommended for you

Conclusion
• IT is now called industry 4.0 which means artificial
intelligence, smart devices, big data, social media.
• IT and computer network technology is continuing to
develop in new and interesting ways.
• Some key developments that have transpired over the past
several years include:
• The growing popularity of cloud computing and cloud
storage
• An array of new devices targeted at the Internet of Things
(IoT) market will undoubtedly compete for our attention.
• The field of AI is growing very fast and develops computers
and machines with human-like intelligence which is
dangerous for the humanity.
146
Q&A
147

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Emerging Technologies in IT

  • 1. 1 Emerging Technologies Dr. Kamal Gulati drkamalgulati@gmail.com www.mybigdataanalytics.in
  • 2. Emerging Technologies  Importance of Data - Where to find it, how to store, manipulate, and characterize it  Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Introduction to AI & ML Technologies/ Applications  Machine Learning (ML), Basic Machine Learning algorithms.  Applications of AI & ML in Marketing, Sales, Finance, Operations, Supply Chain & Human Resources Data Governance  Legal and Ethical Issues  Robotic Process automation (RPA)  Internet of Things (IoT)  Cloud Computing 2
  • 3. Some Key Discussions  1. The Biggest retailer in the World who doesn't own a single retail store?  AMAZON  2. The Biggest hotel chain of the world who doesn’t own a single hotel  AIRBNB  3. The Biggest fleet owner of the world who doesn’t own a single car?  UBER  4. The Biggest entertainment company of the world who doesn’t own a single cinema or multiplex?  NETFLIX  5. The Biggest knowledge bank of the world who has never published a single book?  GOOGLE
  • 4. How is this Possible? 4
  • 5. The most common driving distractions by gender. There are two ways to tell this  The first is that I give you some statistics as follows: 1.6% of men believe texting is a distraction as compared to 4.2% of the women. 2.Kids in the car cause 9.8% of the men to be distracted as compared to 26.3% of the women. 5
  • 6. Importance of Data – Where to find it, how to store, manipulate, and characterize it 6
  • 7. What is Data ? A collection of raw facts and figures. Raw material that can be processed by any computing machine. A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn. Data can be represented in the form of: numbers, Alphabets & Symbols which can be stored in computer's language. •i.e. Kamal Gulati, kamal@123
  • 8. What is Information? Knowledge acquired through study or experience. Information helps human beings in their decision making. Systematic and meaningful form of data.
  • 9. Database • A repository of logically related and similar data. • An organized collection of related information so that it can easily be accessed, managed and updated. • E.g.: • Dictionary • Airline Database • Student Database • Library • Railways Timetable • Bank Customer Database
  • 10. Database Design & Modelling
  • 11. Data Models, Schema and Instances  Data Models: • Describes Structure of the database. • Aim is to support the development of information systems by providing the definition and format of data. • If the same data structures are used to store and access data then different applications can share data. • Classification: 1. High-Level Model 2. Representation Model 3. Low-Level Model
  • 12. 1. High-Level Model • Ensures data requirement of the users. • Not concerned with representation, but its conceptual form. • Three Imp terms: • Entity: Any object, exists physically or conceptually. • Attribute: Property or characteristic of entity. • Relationship: Association or link b/w two entities. • These 3 terms make Entity-Relationship Model.
  • 13. Entity-Relationship (E-R) Model College Principal College Student C Student A Student B College 3 College 2 College 1 Course C Course B Course A Student Course Admissio n Stud_Nam e Stud_Roll No Course_I d Course_Na me Relationships E-R diagram
  • 14. 2. Representation Model • Representation of data stored inside a database. • Describes the physical structure of the database. • It uses the concepts which are close to the end-users. • Classification: A. Hierarchical B. Relational C. Network
  • 15. A. Hierarchical Database Model • Developed by IBM, is the Oldest database model. • Represented using a tree-diagram. (Parent-child relationship) • Each box is called a Node • The nodes represent a record type. • A line connecting nodes represents the link. Director Manager (Market.) Manage r (Sales) Manager (HR) Area Manager 1 Area Manage r 2 Area Manage r 3 Sales Exe. 1 Sales Exe. 2 Sales Representative
  • 16. Cont… • Parent-child type is suited for One-to-many relationship between two entities. • But difficult to implement many-to-many relationship. e.g.: IMS system from IBM. *IMS -Information Management System Director Manager (Market.) Manage r (Sales) Manager (HR) Area Manage r 1 Area Manage r 2 Area Manage r 3 Sales Exe. 1 Sales Exe. 2 Sales Representative
  • 17. B. Relational Database Model • Simplest and the most common model. • Developed in 1970 by E.F. Codd, it became commercial in the 80s. • Data elements are stored in different tables made up of rows and columns. Roll No Name Surname Section 1001 Kamal Gulati D 1002 Rahul Singh A
  • 18. Cont… • Terminologies: -Data Values: alphanumeric raw data (Kamal) -Columns: fields (item or object that holds the data) -Rows: record (a group of data for related field) -Table: collection (all records & fields) -Key: identifier (uniquely identifies a row in the table. It can be value of a single or multiple column. e.g.: DB2, ORACLE, SQL Server. Roll No Name Surnam e Section 1001 Kamal Gulati D 1002 Rahul Singh A
  • 19. C. Network Database Model • Represented using a Data-Structure Diagram. • Boxes represents the records & lines the links. • Based on owner-member relationship • Members of an owner may be many but for many membe owner is one. • Can represent one-to-one and many-to-many as well. Teacher 1 Teacher 2 Teacher 3 Course A Course B Course C Student 1 Student 2 Student 3
  • 20. Cont… • One-to-many relationship is converted into a set of one-to-one. • Also, many-to-many is converted into 2 or more one-to-many relationship. e.g.: IDMS, IMAGE. *IDMS: Integrated Database Management System Teacher 1 Teacher 2 Teacher 3 Course A Course B Course C Student 1 Student 2 Student 3
  • 21. Database Languages • Once data is filled, manipulation is required (insertion, deletion, modification of data) • For these, a set of languages is provided by DBMS: 1. Data Definition Language. 2. Data Manipulation Language. 3. Data Control Language.
  • 22. 1.Data Definition or Description Language (DDL): -Used by DB designers to define schema. -DDL compiler converts DDL statements and generate a set of tables which are stored in. e.g.: CREATE, ALTER & DROP 2. Data Manipulation Language (DML): -For accessing and manipulating the data. e.g.: CONNECT, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, EXECUTE 3. Data Control Language (DCL): -Similar to a computer programming language used to control access to data stored in a database. -e.g.: GRANT, REVOKE
  • 23. Database System Architectures • The journey from big mainframe to pc has also evolved the database and its architecture. • Classification: 1.Centralized DBMSArchitecture 2.Client-ServerArchitecture 3.Distributed Databases
  • 24. 1. Centralized DBMS Architecture • Traditional form, all data, functionality, apps are located on one machine. • Access via communication links. Enterpris e databas e
  • 25. 2. Client-Server Architecture • Involves a client and a server. • Clients are PCs or workstations. • Servers are powerful computers, can manage files, printers, e-mails. • Client interacts server when additional functionality Doesn'texits in its ownmachine. Client User interface Application program Database server Database tables Application server
  • 26. 3. Distributed Database Architecture • Decentralized functionality, distributed among many computers. • Storage computers are at diff. geographical locations. Enterpris e main database Fragme nt Fragme nt Fragme Fragme nt Fragme nt
  • 27. Advantages of DBMS 1. Controlling Data Redundancy: Data is recorded in only one place in the database and it is not duplicated. 2. Data Consistency: Data item appears only once, and the updated value is immediately available to all users. 3. Control Over Concurrency : In a computer file- based system in updating, one may overwrite the values recorded by the other.
  • 28. Advantages of DBMS Contd., 4. Backup and Recovery Procedures: automatically create the backup of data and restore data if required. 5. Data Independence: Separation of data structure of database from application program that uses the data is called data independence.
  • 29. Disadvantages of DBMS 1. Cost of Hardware and Software: Processor with high speed of data processing and memory of large size is required. 2. Cost of Data Conversion: Very difficult and costly method to convert data of data file into database. 3. Cost of Staff Training: A lot of amount for the training of staff to run the DBMS.
  • 30. 3. Appointing Technical Staff: Trained technical persons such as database administrator, application programmers, data entry operators etc. are required to handle the DBMS.  4. Database Damage: All data is integrated into a single database. If database is damaged due to electric failure or database is corrupted on the storage media, then your valuable data may be lost forever. Disadvantages of DBMS Contd.,
  • 31. Examples of DBMS • Some of the commonly used DBMSs are: -Oracle, IBM’s DB2, Microsoft's SQL Server and Informix. • Some of the desktop-based DBMSs are: -Microsoft FoxPro, Borland dBase and MicrosoftAccess.
  • 32. Applications of DBMS 1. Airlines and Railways: Online databases for reservation, and displaying the schedule information. 2. Banking: Customer inquiry, accounts, loans, and other transactions. 3. Education: Course registration, result, and other information. 4. Telecommunications: Communication network, telephone numbers, record of calls, for generating monthly bills, etc. 5. E-commerce: Business activity such as online shopping, booking of holiday package, consulting a doctor, etc. 6. Human resources: Organizations use databases for storing information about their employees, salaries, benefits, taxes, and for generating salary checks.
  • 33. 1. Introduction to Databases 2. Fundamentals of Data Modeling and Database Design 3. Database Normalization 4. Types of keys in database management system 5. Distributed Database More Contents on Database
  • 35. Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Introduction to AI & ML Technologies/ Applications Machine Learning (ML), Basic Machine Learning algorithms. Applications of AI & ML in Marketing, Sales, Finance, Operations, Supply Chain & Human Resources Data Governance 35
  • 37. Sci-Fi Movies that might Become Reality
  • 50. Ways of Achieving AI 1 Machine Learning 2 Deep Learning
  • 51. Machine Learning Machine learning refers to the use of algorithms to parse data, process and learn from it, in order to make predictions or determinations about something. One of the best application for machine learning is computer vision: OCR, object tracking, object recognition etc.
  • 54. Deep Learning Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning concerned with algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the brain called artificial neural networks (ANNs) Compared to older ML algorithms, Deep Learning performs better with a large amount of data
  • 56. Legal and Ethical Issues 56
  • 57. Video Cases Case 1: What Net Neutrality Means for You https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zq-2Yk5OgKc Case 2: Facebook and Google Privacy: What Privacy? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCF54nqabB0 Case 3: Data Mining for Terrorists and Innocents https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwxUIEfzr6Q 57
  • 58. What Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Are Raised by Information Systems?  Recent cases of failed ethical judgment in business –In many, information systems used to bury decisions from public scrutiny  Ethics –Principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behaviors  Information systems raise new ethical questions because they create opportunities for: –Intense social change, threatening existing distributions of power, money, rights, and obligations –New kinds of crime
  • 59. The Relationship Between Ethical, Social, and Political Issues in an Information Society
  • 60. Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age Information rights and obligations Property rights and obligations Accountability and control System quality Quality of life
  • 61. Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues Computing power doubles every 18 months Data storage costs rapidly decline Data analysis advances Networking advances Mobile device growth impact
  • 62. Advances in Data Analysis Techniques Profiling Combining data from multiple sources to create dossiers of detailed information on individuals Nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA) Combining data from multiple sources to find obscure hidden connections that might help identify criminals or terrorists
  • 64. Robotic Process automation (RPA) Internet of Things (IoT) Cloud Computing 64
  • 65. The new IT platform will enable the 4th wave of economic revolution
  • 66. Industrial Intelligent Automation • Industrial Intelligent Automation will be enabled by IoT, Cognitive/AI, Analytics, Intelligent Machines and Assembly Lines, Robots and Robotics, Edge (Fog) Computing and Swarming Technology. • We are seeing an increased number of robots designed for industry specific applications.
  • 67. Contd… The future of farming involves robots and drones
  • 68. Intelligent Automated Transportation Systems Technologies such as IoT, Cognitive/AI, analytics, advanced vehicle communications, edge (fog) computing and swarming technology, will enable driverless on-demand vehicles… virtually eliminating accidents, reducing congestion and pollution, while increasing productivity.
  • 69. Contd… Driverless cars get all the press but think about all the otherautonomous transportation vehicles that are coming…
  • 70. Autonomous On DemandAviation The future of air transportation will be autonomous and on demand. Enabling technologies will include IoT,AI, Cloud, Fog Computing, SwarmingTechnology, Quantum Computing technology. Companies to watch: • Uber • Airbus • Kitty Hawk / Zee.Aero • JobyAviation • UrbanAeronautics • LiliumAviation • AeroMobile • Volocopter
  • 71. What will come?? The Future of Work will involve a partnership between humansand cognitive systems technology.
  • 72. Where are we headed The future (2040-50) IT platform will be very fast and optimizedfor distributed cloud-based cognitive applications. Characteristics: •Distributed / Edge Computing •Secure •Data as an Asset •Blockchain •Analytics •Cognitive •UX by Design •Very Fast a Zettascale computing (1021)?
  • 73. “How much more IOT can do is only left to your imagination and to your budget. You can do as little or as much with IoT as you want.” Internet of Things (IOT) - WeAre At The Tip of AnIceberg
  • 74. The Internet Of Things IDC estimates there will be approximately 212 billion things globally by the end of 2025. Extreme Networks estimates that 5 billion people will have Internet access. The ‘Internet of Things’ will generate $14,400,000,000 of value over the next decade1. There will be 40 times more devices than people on the Internet in 20252.
  • 78. 1. SENSORS andActuators • We are giving our world a digital nervous system. Locating data using GPS sensors. Eyes and ears using microphones and cameras, along with sensory organs that can measure everything from temperature to pressure.
  • 79. 2. CONNECTIVITY • These inputs are digitized and placed onto networks. Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-
  • 92. Internet of Things(IoT) Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-
  • 95. What is BIG DATA? Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-
  • 97. Astonishing Growth of BIG DATA Today, every two days we create as much data as we did from the beginning of time untill 2000. • By 2020, the amount of digital information will have grown from around 5 zettabytes today to 50 zettabytes • Now a days, almost every action we take leaves a trial • We generate data whenever we go online, use our GPS- equipped smartphones, communicate our friends through social media or do online shopping Image source:
  • 98. 5 V’s of BIG DATA • 1. VOLUME Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-
  • 103. 5 V’s of BIG DATA
  • 104. BIG DATAas an Opportunity
  • 105. BIG DATA Analytics • Big Data collected by Smart Meter Source: www.edureka.com/big-data-and-
  • 106. How Smart Meter BIG DATAis Analyzed
  • 108. Hadoop: Solution to BIG DATA Problems
  • 110. Cloud Computing When it’s smarter to rent than to buy
  • 111. Cloud Computing An environment created in a user’s machine from an on-line application stored on the cloud and run through a web browser. In simple language Cloud computing is using the internet to access someone else's software running on someone else's hardware in someone else's data center.
  • 112. Cloud Computing Services ►Software as a Service (SaaS)- End Users ►Platform as a Service (PaaS)- Application Developers ►Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)-NetworkArchitects
  • 113. Software as a Service(SaaS) • Just run it for me! • Also known as On-demand Service. • An application that can be accessed from anywhere on the world as long as you can have an computer with an Internet connection. • We can access this cloud hosted application without any additional hardware or software.eg: G-mail, Yahoo mail, Hotmail etc.., • Also they can provide security features such as SSL encryption,a cryptographic protocol.
  • 114. Platform as a Service (PaaS)- Application Developers • Give us nice API (Application Programming Interface) and take care of the implementation. • In the PaaS model, cloud providers deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server. • It is a platform for developers to write and create their own SaaS i.e. applications. which means rapid development at low cost. • E.g.: Salesforce.com, Windows Azure etc. Source: www.slideshare.net/cloud-
  • 115. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)- NetworkArchitect • Also known as hardware as a service. • It is a computing power that you can rent for a limited period of time. • Allows existing applications to be run on a cloud suppliershardware. • Cloud providers offer computers – as physical or more often as virtual machines – raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and networks Source: www.slideshare.net/cloud-
  • 117. Modes of Clouds • Public Cloud ► Computing infrastructure is hosted by cloud vendor at the vendors premises. ► and can be shared by various organizations. ► E.g. : Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Salesforce • Private Cloud ► The computing infrastructure is dedicated to a particular organization and not shared with other organizations. ► more expensive and more secure when compare to public cloud. ► E.g. : HP data center, IBM, Sun, Oracle, 3tera • Hybrid Cloud ► Organizations may host critical applications on privateclouds. ► where as relatively less security concerns on publiccloud. ► usage of both public and private together is called hybridcloud. Source:
  • 118. Distributed vs. Grid vs. Cloud Parameters Distributed Grid Cloud Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes Scalability Slowest, Rigid and Costly Slower, somewhat flexible, costly Instant, Flexible, Pay-per-usage Cost High CapEx Costly, sometime monthly/yearly contracts, no capEx No contracts, usage based, no upfront costs *Green* Low Low High- Virtualized Pricing Model Buy servers and pay fully weather used or not Rent servers and hosting cost weather used or not Rent based on usage only Source: www.slideshare.net/cloud-
  • 119. Is Cloud Computing reduces E- Wastes? • Green IT Cloud Computing • Cloud Computing is Eco-Friendly. • We can reduce E-waste by using Cloud Computing i.e. by Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). • Cloud Computing Helps to Accelerate Green IT • Can reduce Global Warming too..
  • 122. BusinessGoals: Provide visual environment for building custom mobile application Charge customers based on the platform they are using, number of consumers’ applications etc. Business Area: Cloud based platform for building, deploying, hosting and managing of mobile applications Case Study #1: Usage & Billing Analysis
  • 123. ArchitecturalDecisions ▪ Reliability(24/7) ▪ Security(Multitenancy) ▪ Self-Service(Ad-Hoc reports) ▪ Cost(Thelessthebetter  ) ▪ Constraints(PublicCloud) ArchitectureDrivers: ▪ V olume(> 10TB) ▪ Sources(Semi-structured- JSON) ▪ Throughput(>10K/sec) ▪ Latency(2min) ▪ Extensibility(Custommetrics) ▪ DataQuality(Consistency) Trade-off: Extended Relationa l Non-Relational Extensibility ‐ + DataQuality + ‐ Self-Service + ‐  Extended RelationalArchitecture  Extensibility viaPre‐allocated Fields pattern
  • 124. SolutionArchitecture Technologies: • AmazonRedshift • AmazonSQS • AmazonS3 • ElasticBeanstalk • JaspersoftB IProfessional • Python
  • 125. Business Goals: Build in-house Analytics Platform for ROI measurement and performance analysis of every product and feature delivered by the e-commerce platform; Provide the ability to understand how end-users are interacting with service content, products, and features on sites; Do clickstream analysis; Perform A/B Testing Business Area: Retail. A platform for e-commerce and collecting feedbacks from customers Case Study #2: Clickstream for retail website
  • 126. Extended Relation al Non- Relation al Volume/Scalability +/‐ + Throughput + + Self-Service + +/‐ Extensibility ‐ + ArchitecturalDecisions ▪ Reliability(24/7) ▪ Security(Multitenancy) ▪ Self-Service(Cannedreports,Data science) ▪ Cost(Thelessthebetter  ) ▪ Constraints(PublicCloud) ArchitectureDrivers: ▪ V olume(45TB) ▪ Sources(Semi-structured- JSON) ▪ Throughput(> 20K/sec) ▪ Latency(1hour) ▪ Extensibility(Customtags) ▪ DataQuality(Notcritical) Trade-off:  Non‐RelationalArchitecture  Reporting via MaterializedView pattern
  • 127. SolutionArchitecture Technologies: • AmazonS3 • Flume • Hadoop/HDFS,MapReduce • HBase • Oozie • Hive Node1 Node 2 NodeN
  • 128. Tips for Designing Big Data Solutions  Understand data users and sources  Discover architecture drivers  Select proper reference architecture  Do trade-off analysis, address cons  Map reference architecture to technology stack  Prototype, re-evaluate architecture  Estimate implementation efforts  Set up devops practices from the very beginning  Advance in solution development through “small wins”  Be ready for changes, big data technologies are evolving rapidly
  • 129. The Data Science behind IPL How should they judge in detail: “Which player should they buy and which one they shouldn’t it?”, “How much money should be spent on which player?” or “What are the values of the different players?”. Case Study #3: Data Science in IPL
  • 131. Case Study #4: Data Science in Base Ball Billy Beane, a baseball general manager, and Peter Brand, an economics graduate, challenge convention as they try to form a competitive sports team using computer-based methods.
  • 132. • Cancer is an incredibly complex disease; a single tumor can have more than 100 billion cells, and each cell can acquire mutations individually. The disease is always changing, evolving, and adapting. • Employ the power of big data analytics and high-performance computing. • Leverage sophisticated pattern and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns that are potentially linked to cancer • Huge amount of data processing and recognition 13 2 Case Study #5: Data Science Cancer Research
  • 133. • Stanford Medicine, Google team up to harness power of data science for health care • Stanford Medicine will use the power, security and scale of Google Cloud Platform to support precision health and more efficient patient care. • Analyzing genetic data • Focusing on precision health • Data as the engine that drives research 13 3 Source: http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2016/08/stanford-medicine-google-team-up-to-harness-power-of-data-science.html Case Study #6: Data Science: Health Care
  • 134. Data Science: • The Obama campaigns in 2008 and 2012 are credited for their successful use of social media and data mining. • Micro-targeting in 2012 – http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/04/the- creepiness-factor-how-obama-and-romney-are-getting-to-know- you/255499/ – http://www.mediabizbloggers.com/group-m/How-Data-and-Micro- Targeting-Won-the-2012-Election-for-Obama---Antony-Young- Mindshare-North-America.html • Micro-profiles built from multiple sources accessed by aps, real- time updating data based on door-to-door visits, focused media buys, e-mails and Facebook messages highly targeted. • 1 million people installed the Obama Facebook app that gave access to info on “friends”. 22 Case Study #7: Data Science: Elections
  • 135. The Science of Election Forecasting  Opinion Polls  Poll of Polls  Economic & Political Drivers  Challenges in the Indian Context 
  • 136. Data Science: Case Study 13 6 Case Study #8: Data Science: Customer Analytics
  • 137. RPA - Evolution of Era,Industry4.0 The4 Industrial Revolution by Christopher Roser
  • 138. 1700’sFirstIndustrial Revolution Mechanical Technology equipped steam and water to power the first factories 1800’sSecondIndustrial Revolution Electrical: Electricity made possiblethe division of labor & mass production 1900’sThirdIndustrial Revolution Automation: ITenabled programmable work &limited the reliance on manual labor Today Fourth Industrial Revolution Connected Cyber-physical systems, powered by IoTand fuelled by data, create afully interconnected society INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Asthe new job roles emanating out of upcoming disruptions areentrepreneurial, scientific, creative, and disruptive in nature, it is necessary for usto reform the education and skilling ecosystem
  • 139. At the sametime: GenNext & their Preferences also EvolvingFaster
  • 140. Gen‘Z’Learners • Highly connected,tech-savvy • Amind-set that technology cansolve everyproblem • Seekinvolvement in learning processbut at their ownpace • Welcome challenges, enjoy groupworking • Time & place agnostic learning, LoveFreedom • Engagingthem in atraditional way is highlychallenging
  • 142. “The greatest value of a picture is when it forces us to notice what we never expected to see.” John Tukey 24
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  • 145. Conclusion • IT is now called industry 4.0 which means artificial intelligence, smart devices, big data, social media. • IT and computer network technology is continuing to develop in new and interesting ways. • Some key developments that have transpired over the past several years include: • The growing popularity of cloud computing and cloud storage • An array of new devices targeted at the Internet of Things (IoT) market will undoubtedly compete for our attention. • The field of AI is growing very fast and develops computers and machines with human-like intelligence which is dangerous for the humanity.
  • 147. 147