Are we security yet

ARE WE SECURITY YET?
Cristian Vat, @deathy
Geek.
Security Enthusiast

Problem: HTTP is not encrypted
• Traffic can be passively intercepted
• Including your cookies/sessions, personal information
• Can be targeted for ads or more malicious reasons
• Traffic can be manipulated
• Ad injection
• Malware injection

Content Injection
https://dannyman.toldme.com/2010/12/23/swa-yahoo-being-evil/

Solution: HTTPS
• Or is it SSL? Or TLS? Which version again?
• SSL 1.0 – not released, serious flaws
• SSL 2.0 – February 1995, multiple flaws
• SSL 3.0 – 1996
• great start…
• 1999 – TLS 1.0
• 2006 – TLS 1.1
• 2008 – TLS 1.2
• 2016-2017– TLS 1.3, some early adopters already

HTTPSVulnerabilities
• Renegociation attack
• DROWN
• CRIME
• BEAST
• POODLE
• RC4
• Heartbleed
• FREAK
• LOGJAM

Configuration complexity
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-
POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-
SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-
RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-
SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-
SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-
AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-
SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-
SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-
SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-
SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

Solution:ConfigurationGenerator
• https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/

Problem: HTTP links/requests
• Browsers still default to HTTP on port 80, which isOK
• Some clients may not support HTTPS
• Bookmarks
• It’s a web of links.Old links and you can’t update them all.

Solution: Redirect to HTTPS!
• HTTP Redirect:
• Client: GET http://somesite.ro/
• Server: 301 Redirect to https://somesite.ro/
• JavaScript … $ curl -i http://www.homebank.ro/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
content-length: 148
content-type: text/html
date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 12:51:43 GMT
last-modified: Fri, 25 Oct 2013 22:58:06 GMT
p3p: CP="NON CUR OTPi OUR NOR UNI"
<script>
//redirect to public junction for login!
document.location="https://www.homebank.ro/public/HomeBankLogin/jsp/index.jsp";
</script>

Problem: Many slow redirects
• You’re still possibly redirecting every individual link
• Caching of redirects:
• “It depends”
• Possible cause of bugs even if you just want to switch “http:” to “https:”
• No clear browser knowledge that page should only be used on HTTPS.
• Solution?

Solution: HSTS saves the day!
• HTTP Strict Transport Security
• On valid HTTPS request the server sends a new HTTP Header:
• Browser will redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS internally until expiry
• Even if user manually types an “http://” link!
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=<expire-time>; includeSubDomains

Problem: First request fresh browser
• Fresh browser install
• Never visited a certain website before
• Nothing in HSTS cache

Solution: HSTS Preload
• Need a valid HSTS setup
• Go to https://hstspreload.org/ and submit your site to preload list
• Chrome preload list:
https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/net/+/refs/heads/master/http/
transport_security_state_static.json
• Gets baked in to Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer downloads/updates.
• Currently holds 80 “.ro” domains. (2 of them mine, banks seen: only brd.ro and
unicredit.ro )

Problem:Security byCoincidence
• Just a very small sample.
flanco.ro:
Our dev team who manages the our public website has mistakenly
configured the preload function + include_includesubdomains. This
feature has blocked our internal websites as well, even if the don’t > use
SSL at all. :(
hovie.at:
 We cannot supportHTTPS on the
following subdomains:
 • andrew.hovie.at - I don't have to time
to manage my own server
 anymore, so I switched to a hosting
provider,wildcard certs are
 expensive,they do not supportcerts
with multiple domains.
 Also, when I enabled preload,I did not
actually know what I am doing,
 I was just following the recommendation
from https://cipherli.st/.
chrishamper.com:
I had enabled the HSTS header with the "preload" directive on my domain
while
following an online guide related to HSTS, which didn't explain the
meaning or
repercussions of that directive. It is now causing much trouble when
attempting to do development work using subdomains I'm spinning up as
needed.

TheCA Problem
• CA “Mafia”
• Making money from nothing
• HTTPS certificate cost may be prohibitive for personal websites

Solution: Let’s Encrypt
• Free domain validated certificates
• Fast, automatic
• Same security as anything else
• No wildcard/EV
• Short expiration date

The other CA problem
• Any CA can issue certs for any domain
• China CA can issue certificate for your US-based website
• Active attacks or bugs in CA validation
• See DigiNotar

Solution: HTTP Public Key Pinning
• Pin Public Keys of CAs which are allowed to issue certs for your site
• Need at least 2 pins.
• You can break your site…
• Certificate Transparency

Problem: Library/FrameworkCSS/JS
• The Website is Slow
• Static Resource Serving is slow
• I don’t want to manage/package libraryJS/CSS

Solution:CDNs to the rescue!
• Load jQuery/Bootstrap/etc. from CDN
• Problem:
• Now you depend on the CDN’s security
• Requests may be intercepted
• Active JS content running in your page may be modified by the CDN

Solution: Subresource Integrity
• Include the hash of a known good version in the <script> or <link> tag in your page
• Browser downloads resource but checks hash before applying styles/script to
page.
<script src="https://example.com/example-framework.js" integrity="sha384-
oqVuAfXRKap7fdgcCY5uykM6+R9GqQ8K/uxy9rx7HNQlGYl1kPzQho1wx4JwY8wC"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

Resources
• https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/
• https://securityheaders.io/
• https://www.hardenize.com/

Are we security yet

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