ANATOMICAL PULLEYS.ppt

this is a ppt made usually for bachelor of physiotherapy students and contains the basic biomechanics of shoulder complex

The document defines the Q-angle as the angle formed between a line from the ASIS to the midpoint of the patella and a line from the midpoint of the patella to the tibial tubercle. It represents the angle of pull of the quadriceps muscles. The normal range is 10-14 degrees for men and 15-23 degrees for women. Factors that can increase the Q-angle include muscle imbalances, tight iliotibial bands, genu valgum, medial femoral torsion, and lateral tibial rotation.

Goniometry is used to measure joint range of motion. There are different types of goniometers including universal, finger, and electro goniometers. To take an accurate measurement, the therapist positions the goniometer arms parallel to the longitudinal axis of the proximal and distal body parts, with the axis over the joint. Range of motion can then be measured actively or passively. Goniometry is used to assess limitations, track progress, and guide treatment for conditions affecting joint mobility.

Here are potential answers to your questions: If you fall down to the ground with wrist hyperextension, you could injure the ligaments and bones in your wrist. The most common injuries are: - Ligament sprains of the dorsal radiocarpal ligaments which stabilize the wrist in extension. A sprain means the ligament is stretched or torn. - Fractures of the distal radius bone. Since the wrist bone is forcefully hyperextended, it can fracture at the end of the radius bone near the wrist joint. Instability generally refers to a lack of stability in a joint. In the wrist, instability means the bones and ligaments can no longer properly control and

It is very essential to know about the hip complex for the medico person. The knowledge of hip complex is necessary to know about gait abnormalities.

The knee is a complex joint composed of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. It functions to provide mobility and support body weight during both static and dynamic activities. The knee joint contains menisci that increase joint congruence and distribute weight forces. It also contains cruciate and collateral ligaments that restrict motion and provide stability. During flexion and extension, the tibia glides and rotates on the femur through rolling and sliding motions controlled by the ligaments and menisci.

This PPT en lights about the muscle function & factors affecting it. In short everything about biomechanics of muscle.

This document discusses relaxation techniques. It defines relaxation as a state where muscle tension and mental stress are reduced through conscious effort. Relaxation can be general, involving the whole body, or local, targeting specific muscle groups. Several factors like muscle tone, posture, movement, and mental state can affect relaxation. Techniques to achieve general relaxation include assuming supported, comfortable positions and creating a restful atmosphere. Specific techniques discussed are autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation, and the contrast method, which involve sequentially contracting and relaxing different muscle groups.

This document discusses prehension, or gripping, which is made possible by the opposable thumb in humans. It describes two main types of grip: power grip, which involves the whole hand and is used to hold cylindrical or spherical objects, and precision grip, which requires finer motor control and pad-to-pad, tip-to-tip, or pad-to-side contact between the thumb and fingers. Specific grips like hook, spherical, and lateral grips are subtypes of power grip. Precision grips depend on intact sensation and muscles like the flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis. The functional position of the wrist and fingers optimizes power and efficiency of grip.