Biomechanics of posture

The document summarizes key aspects of human walking (gait) including: - The gait cycle is divided into stance and swing periods, with distinct functional tasks in each. - Gait parameters like velocity, cadence, stride length are described. - Determinants of gait like pelvic rotation, knee flexion, and foot/ankle mechanics help minimize vertical displacement of the center of gravity and increase efficiency. - Gait analysis methods including observational, quantitative techniques like kinetics, electromyography, motion capture are outlined. Different pathological gaits like amputee, ataxic, and spastic gaits are also briefly discussed.

this PPT contains all the details about anatomy, kinetics & kinematics of wrist joint, palmar arches & prehension.

This document discusses various types of pathological and abnormal gaits. It begins by outlining common causes of abnormal gait such as pain, joint limitations, muscle weakness, neurological involvement, and leg length discrepancies. It then describes specific gaits in more detail, including antalgic gait, psoatic gait, gluteus maximus gait, gluteus medius gait, quadriceps gait, genu recurvatum gait, hemiplegic gait, scissoring gait, dragging gait, cerebellar ataxic gait, sensory ataxic gait, short shuffling gait, foot drop gait, equinus gait, calcaneal g

This document provides an overview of biomechanics of the elbow, including its structure, function, kinematics, muscle actions, and stability mechanisms. It describes the three joints that make up the elbow complex - the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint. It details the motions of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination, identifying the muscles, ligaments, and bony structures involved in each motion. Common injuries to the elbow from direct stresses and repeated stresses are also summarized.

Here are potential answers to your questions: If you fall down to the ground with wrist hyperextension, you could injure the ligaments and bones in your wrist. The most common injuries are: - Ligament sprains of the dorsal radiocarpal ligaments which stabilize the wrist in extension. A sprain means the ligament is stretched or torn. - Fractures of the distal radius bone. Since the wrist bone is forcefully hyperextended, it can fracture at the end of the radius bone near the wrist joint. Instability generally refers to a lack of stability in a joint. In the wrist, instability means the bones and ligaments can no longer properly control and

This document discusses active and passive insufficiency in muscles. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously, losing tension. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, preventing full range of motion. Examples given are the rectus femoris causing active insufficiency in hip flexion and knee extension together, and the flexor digitorum profundus losing the ability to make a tight fist when the wrist is flexed. The relationship between them is that when the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes or lengthens, so the extensibility of the antagonist can limit the agonist's capability,

The document summarizes the biomechanics of the ankle joint complex. It describes the anatomy and function of the talocrural joint (ankle joint), subtalar joint, and transverse tarsal joint. The ankle-foot complex consists of 28 bones and 25 joints that allow the foot to meet stability and mobility demands through dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, pronation, and supination movements. Key bones include the talus, tibia, and fibula. Ligaments such as the deltoid and tibiofibular ligaments provide stability to the ankle mortise.

It is very essential to know about the hip complex for the medico person. The knowledge of hip complex is necessary to know about gait abnormalities.

this is a ppt made usually for bachelor of physiotherapy students and contains the basic biomechanics of shoulder complex

This document describes various mat activities (MAT) used in physical therapy. It discusses 9 principles of MAT including concentration, control, fluidity, etc. It then describes different MAT positions and exercises including rolling, prone on elbows, prone on hands, supine on elbows, pull ups, lifting, quadruped position, kneeling, and sitting. The goals of MAT are to facilitate balance, promote stability, mobilize and strengthen the trunk and limbs, and train for functional activities. Details are provided on how to perform several example MAT exercises and positions.

This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the knee joint. It describes the bones that make up the knee (femur, tibia, patella). It then discusses the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. It provides details on the degrees of freedom in the knee joint and the ligaments, menisci, and other structures that are involved in the knee joint.

Functional re-education aims to retrain patients' movements and activities that they already know but cannot properly perform due to illness or injury. The goal is to increase independence through a tailored program of progressive exercises. Exercises may include rolling, sitting, kneeling, standing, and walking activities. Principles include thorough assessment, task-specific treatment, and avoiding discouragement to build confidence and independence over time.

Goniometry is used to measure joint range of motion. There are different types of goniometers including universal, finger, and electro goniometers. To take an accurate measurement, the therapist positions the goniometer arms parallel to the longitudinal axis of the proximal and distal body parts, with the axis over the joint. Range of motion can then be measured actively or passively. Goniometry is used to assess limitations, track progress, and guide treatment for conditions affecting joint mobility.

This document discusses the structure and biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes the anatomy of the acetabulum and femoral head that form the ball and socket joint. It details the angles of the acetabulum, including the center edge angle and acetabular anteversion angle. It also describes the acetabular labrum and angles of the femur relative to the shaft. The primary function of the hip joint is to support weight and enable mobility through walking, running, and other activities.

Stretching involves applying tension to muscles and connective tissues to increase flexibility and range of motion. There are several types of stretching including static, cyclic, ballistic, PNF, and mechanical. The key factors in stretching are proper alignment, stabilization, low intensity, and long duration to minimize muscle resistance and maximize tissue elongation. Stretching can be done manually, through self-stretching exercises, or using mechanical devices.

The document defines the Q-angle as the angle formed between a line from the ASIS to the midpoint of the patella and a line from the midpoint of the patella to the tibial tubercle. It represents the angle of pull of the quadriceps muscles. The normal range is 10-14 degrees for men and 15-23 degrees for women. Factors that can increase the Q-angle include muscle imbalances, tight iliotibial bands, genu valgum, medial femoral torsion, and lateral tibial rotation.

Walking aids such as crutches, canes and walkers are used to provide stability and support mobility for individuals who have limited ability to walk independently due to injuries, pain or medical conditions. Crutches are commonly used to reduce weight bearing on one or both lower extremities and provide additional balance support. There are different types of crutches including axillary crutches, elbow crutches and gutter crutches. Proper fitting and training are important to ensure safe and effective use of walking aids.

This document discusses the biomechanics of posture. It defines posture as the relative arrangement of body parts in relation to gravity. There are static and dynamic types of posture. The biomechanics of posture involves analyzing the kinetics and kinematics of all body segments. Perfect posture reduces stress on muscles and joints. However, the erect human posture is less stable than quadrupedal postures due to a smaller base of support and the location of the center of gravity being further from the base. Proper balance and control of posture depends on compensating for forces from gravity and maintaining stability of individual body segments and the whole body.

The document discusses posture, including the development and curvature of the spine, definition of normal and poor posture, types of posture, advantages of good posture, causes of poor posture, and evaluation of posture. It defines normal posture and outlines how to analyze posture from the front, back, and side views by examining spinal curves, pelvic tilt, leg alignment, and other factors. Deviations from normal alignment like kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are also described.

The document discusses differences between general gym strength training programs and sport-specific strength training. It outlines the science behind strength training goals for different sports, including maximal strength, contraction speed, and force output. It provides examples of typical weekly strength training schedules for various athletes and tips for coaches on effective exercise selection, programming, and progression for sport-specific strength training.

1. The document discusses posture analysis and identifies key aspects to evaluate, including the spinal curves, pelvis, shoulders, and lower extremities from the lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 2. Correct posture maintains the natural curves of the spine with minimal joint stress, while poor posture can result from positional habits, muscle imbalances, or underlying medical conditions and lead to increased joint stress. 3. A thorough posture analysis examines the body with reference to plumb lines and assesses for common postural faults in each region, such as rounded shoulders, anterior pelvic tilt, or foot pronation.

Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.

Posture is maintained through a combination of muscle tone and reflexes. The muscles that maintain posture contain a high proportion of slow-twitch fibers to allow for sustained contraction. Postural reflexes integrate inputs from proprioceptors, the vestibular system and visual system to make continuous corrections to muscle activity and maintain balance. The spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum are involved in regulating these reflexes. Upright human posture relies on minimal muscle activity but reflex adjustments of antigravity muscles in response to sway to oppose the effects of gravity.

Proper body mechanics are important when assisting patients to prevent injury. Key principles include getting adequate help from the patient or others, avoiding twisting movements, keeping a wide base of support, and using the arms and legs rather than the back to share the load. The document reviews range of motion exercises and common assistive devices like pillows and splints, and covers different bed positions like supine, prone, and side-lying that impact body mechanics.

The document discusses the concept of center of gravity and how it relates to an object's stability. It defines center of gravity as the point where an object's entire weight seems to act and explains that an object's stability depends on the position of its center of gravity relative to its base. Specifically, an object will be stable if tilting moves the center of gravity higher within the base, unstable if tilting lowers it outside the base, and neutrally stable if tilting does not change the height. Real-life examples like buses and lamps are designed with low, broad bases to lower the center of gravity and increase stability.

The document discusses center of gravity and stability. It defines key terms like center of mass, center of gravity, and equilibrium. It explains that an object's center of gravity depends on the distribution of its mass, and that an object will topple if its center of gravity extends beyond its base of support. The document also distinguishes between stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium based on how the center of gravity changes with displacement.

The document discusses body mechanics, which refers to the efficient, coordinated, and safe use of the body to move objects and carry out daily activities. Maintaining proper body mechanics is important to prevent injury by keeping the body aligned, the center of gravity low and over the base of support, and using large muscle groups rather than small ones like in the back. Specific guidelines are provided for lifting, pulling, pushing, pivoting, and moving clients safely.

Posture refers to the alignment of the body parts when standing in a relaxed stance. Good posture involves training the body to stand, sit and lie in positions that place the least strain on supporting muscles and ligaments. There is no single definition of "normal" posture as everyone's body is different. Maintaining proper posture can help decrease joint stress and strain, prevent back pain, and contribute to a good appearance. Poor posture is corrected through exercises and therapies that realign the body and strengthen weak muscles. Daily posture exercises can help reinforce good habits and balance.

The document discusses key concepts in biomechanics including: - Characteristics of linear, angular, and general motion. - Centre of gravity and how it can change depending on body position. - Line of gravity and base of support in relation to stability. - Newton's laws of motion and how they apply to human movement. - Force summation and how multiple body parts can work together to maximize force. - Projectile motion principles like gravity, speed, height, and angle of release that influence how objects are thrown or projected.

Posture is a “position or attitude of the body a relative arrangement of body part for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing the body”.

Biomechanics of posture

This document provides an overview of posture biomechanics, including: 1. Definitions of static and dynamic posture, and descriptions of optimal sagittal and frontal plane alignment. 2. Explanations of how posture is controlled through sensory inputs, muscle activity, and strategies like fixed support and changing support. 3. Analyses of deviations from optimal posture, including positions of the foot, knee, spine, and effects of sitting and lying postures. Factors like age, gender, and occupation are also discussed.

This document defines and describes different types of posture including static, dynamic, and ideal posture. It explains that posture results from the interaction of muscles, bones, and ligaments working together. Static posture maintains a constant position while dynamic posture adjusts with movement. Ideal posture minimizes strain and maximizes support. The document then describes common faulty postures involving the head, neck, shoulders, trunk, and pelvis. It details how different muscle imbalances can lead to issues like forward head, sway back, military-type posture, and lower crossed syndrome. The document also discusses scoliosis and how it is detected.

POSTURE Dr. Quazi Huma MPT Neurosciences Asst Professor Objectives Definition Human posture – quadruped to bipedal Postural Control Analysis of all views Physiological Deviations Factors affecting posture Definition Good posture is the attitude which, is assumed by body parts to maintain stability and balance with minimum effort and least strain during supportive and non supportive positions. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD POSTURE (Prerequisites of good posture) For good posture to be maintained the following must be obtained: The ability to maintain 'the body upright in good and erect position with less energy. The ability to maintain balance in upright position via keeping the line of gravity near the center of the base of support. Quadruped Vs Bipedal Quadruped posture Body weight is distributed between the upper and lower extremities Good stability Bipedal posture Unique found in human Small BOS Use of upper extremities Instability caused by a small BoS and a high CoM BASE OF SUPPORT BOS is defined by an area bounded posteriorly by the tips of the heels and anteriorly by a line joining the tips of the toes CENTER OF MASS It is the point where the mass of the body is centered Position of the CoM is not fixed CoM moves lower to a location in the standing adult at about the level of the second sacral segment in the midsagittal plane. POSTURAL CONTROL refers to a person’s ability to maintain stability of the body and body segments in response to forces that threaten to disturb the body’s equilibrium POSTURAL CONTROL STATIC POSTUREThe body and its segments are aligned and maintained in certain position DYNAMIC POSTUREPostures in which the body or its segments are moving PLUMB LINE ANALYSIS OF POSTURE IN SAGITTAL VIEW DEVIATION IN SAGITTAL VIEW FLEXED KNEE POSTURE GENU RECURVATUM KYPHOTIC AND LORDOTIC CURVES DOWAGERS HUMP AND GIBBUS DEFORMITY ANALYSIS OF POSTURE IN FRONTAL VIEW A. NORMAL FOOT B. PES PLANUS C. PES CAVUS ANALYSIS OF POSTURE IN CORONAL VIEW FACTORS AFFECTING POSTURE THANK YOU!!!! Pamela K. Levangie, Cynthia C. Norkin; Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis 4th Edition.

The document discusses hip joint anatomy and biomechanics from the perspective of total hip arthroplasty. It describes key terms like kinematics and kinetics. It provides details on normal ranges of motion for the hip. It discusses femoral head anatomy and the forces acting on the hip during single leg stance, which can be up to 4 times body weight. Factors like leg length, weight, and abductor lever arm influence joint loading.

This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It begins by defining biomechanics and describing the mobility and stability of the hip. It then discusses forces acting on the hip like body weight, abductor muscles, and joint reaction forces. It explains how these forces are balanced in different positions like two-leg stance, single-leg stance, and with the use of a cane. The document concludes by discussing implications for conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara, and principles of total hip replacement surgery.

This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes how the hip functions as a lever with the body weight and abductor muscles producing forces on either side of the fulcrum. It explains how the hip is designed to provide both mobility and stability. Key factors like the neck angle, acetabular direction, and forces during activities like standing, walking and running are summarized. The effects of conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara on hip biomechanics are also outlined. Lastly, the biomechanical goals and considerations for total hip replacement surgery are presented.

This document defines posture and describes the different types of posture including static, dynamic, and abnormal postures. It discusses postural control and how it is maintained through various body systems. Key points of postural control include control of body orientation in space, maintaining center of gravity over base of support, and stabilizing the head. The document also examines postural strategies like fixed support synergies and changing support synergies that help restore equilibrium when perturbed. Sitting and lying postures are analyzed as well in terms of alignment and pressures on the spine.

Human posture is influenced by mechanical, anatomical, and physiological factors. A good posture protects the body from injury by maintaining balanced alignment. It differs between individuals based on their body type and environment. Posture is dynamic and changes with body position and movement throughout life. It involves control systems to counteract gravity and stabilize body segments during both static and dynamic activities.

Position is assumed by the body and take movement to come in a equilibrium. Posture follows movements like a shadow. Movement- Every movement begin with posture and end with posture. Posture- Posture is an attitude either with support or without support. The posture from which movement is initiated are known as standing position. The movement may be either by active or passive. STARTING POSITION- The movement either active or passive which comes our body in equilibrium with attitude and with less effort then the position is known as starting position. There are five types of starting position that is known as Fundamental position. These are:- Standing Kneeling Sitting Lying Hanging This PPT helps the students to learn the different type of postures which are needed to treat the patient. Easy to understand the importance of Starting positions. Easily to understand the muscle effects in different fundamental positions and their benefits

Derived Positions

This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip and pelvis. It begins by defining biomechanics and describing the mobility and stability of the hip joint. It then covers the angles of the femoral neck, direction of the acetabulum, and axes of the lower limb. Key biomechanical concepts discussed include levers, forces across the hip joint, and instant centers of rotation. Specific examples analyzed include forces in single leg stance, the effects of a cane, and changes with weight gain or femoral neck deformities. The document concludes by reviewing the biomechanical principles of total hip replacement.

This document discusses posture and factors that affect it. It defines good posture as optimal muscular balance and efficiency. Posture changes throughout life and with activity. The spine curves allow strength and mobility. Maintaining upright standing, sitting, and lifting postures protects the back, while improper forms can strain muscles and ligaments over time. Small postural sways help prevent fatigue and aid circulation while balancing.

The document discusses human posture from several perspectives. It defines posture as the relative arrangement of body parts and notes that it can vary based on activity and over time. A good posture is described as muscular and skeletal balance that protects the body from injury while allowing efficient muscle function. Several factors are described that can influence posture, including mechanical factors like body structure and the line of gravity, as well as psychological and environmental factors. Different types of postures like easy, fatigue, and rigid postures are also outlined. Faulty posture is defined as an asymmetrical strain on the body that can lead to long-term joint and muscle issues if not addressed.

1) The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that connects the femur to the pelvis and allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It is stabilized by strong ligaments and powered by surrounding muscles. 2) Biomechanics examines the forces acting on the hip joint during various activities like walking, running, and standing. The forces are counterbalanced to allow for stability and mobility. 3) Hip disorders are managed by reducing joint reaction forces through decreasing body weight moments, improving abductor function, and redistributing forces through aids like canes or limping.

Postural deviation refers to any abnormal alignment or positioning of the body's joints and structures while standing, sitting, or moving. These deviations can occur due to a variety of factors, including muscle imbalances, skeletal abnormalities, poor posture habits, injuries, or neurological conditions. Postural deviations can affect people of all ages and can lead to discomfort, pain, reduced mobility, and functional limitations if left unaddressed. There are several common types of postural deviations: *Kyphosis: This is an excessive curvature of the upper back, leading to a rounded or hunched posture. It can result from factors such as poor sitting habits, weak back muscles, or structural abnormalities in the spine. *Lordosis: Lordosis is an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower back, often causing the pelvis to tilt forward and the abdomen to protrude. Factors contributing to lordosis include tight hip flexors, weak abdominal muscles, obesity, or pregnancy. *Scoliosis: Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, which can cause the shoulders, hips, or waist to appear uneven. It can be congenital or develop during growth spurts in adolescence. *Forward head posture: This occurs when the head juts forward from its ideal alignment with the spine. It can be caused by prolonged sitting, excessive screen time, weak neck muscles, or carrying heavy backpacks. *Flat feet: Flat feet, or pes planus, is a condition where the arches of the feet collapse, causing the entire foot to make contact with the ground. This can lead to altered gait patterns and contribute to knee, hip, and back pain. *Knock knees and bow legs: Knock knees (genu valgum) is when the knees angle inward, while bow legs (genu varum) is when the knees angle outward. These deviations can be due to genetic factors, abnormal bone growth, or muscle imbalances around the knees. *Uneven shoulders or hips: A noticeable difference in the height or alignment of the shoulders or hips can indicate postural deviations such as scoliosis, muscle imbalances, or leg length discrepancies

This document discusses human posture and provides information on proper and improper posture. It begins by defining posture and listing the components of proper posture using the acronym POSTURE. It then classifies postures as inactive, active static, or active dynamic. Key points include: - Proper posture, known as correct posture, distributes weight evenly and keeps joints stable while maintaining upright ribs, retracted shoulders, and ears over shoulders. - Common faulty postures include lordotic, kyphotic, scoliotic, swayback, and flat back postures, each with different causes and potential sources of pain. - Maintaining good posture requires strong core muscles as well as flexibility in joints and surrounding tissues. Exercises target

It is about the posture and gait cycle, stages. With understanding of crossed syndrome at the end you can manage your treatment plan for stretching of the muscles and strengthening of the other group of muscles

This is for review of posture and gait cycle and at the end something about crossed syndromes and quick guide for treatment as stretching and strengthening exercises to fix issues

This document discusses neurological gait and gait rehabilitation. It begins by defining normal gait and describing common pathological gaits that can result from neurological conditions, including hemiplegic, spastic diplegic, Parkinsonian, myopathic, and ataxic gaits. Specific characteristics and management approaches are described for each type. Rehabilitation approaches covered include traditional gait training exercises, use of assistive devices, high-tech options like body-weight supported treadmill training and electrical stimulation, as well as strength and balance training. Surgical management is also briefly discussed for some conditions.