This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Analysis of a High Rise Building Frame under Wind Pressure Considering Steel ...
This document summarizes research on the analysis of high-rise building frames under wind pressure considering steel-reinforced concrete composite structures. It reviews literature on composite members, lateral forces, displacement analysis tools for composite structures. The review found that composite structures have better load carrying capacity than reinforced concrete. Analysis showed composite structures have lower displacement and story drift than reinforced concrete under seismic loads. Modeling the deformability of shear connections between steel and concrete members is important for accurate structural response analysis of composite frames.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
Analysis For Retrofitting Of An Existing Failed RC Column Using FEM Software’s
This document discusses retrofitting of an existing failed reinforced concrete column using finite element modeling software. It describes analyzing a 3m floor height residential building in Pune, India using ETABS software. The analysis found a column failing under a total load of 452kN. Retrofitting techniques will be explored using ANSYS to strengthen the column to resist loads up to 500kN. The document reviews various retrofitting methods studied in previous literature and outlines the problem of retrofitting the specific failed column.
Review Paper on Comparative Analysis of Circular and Rectangular Building Str...IRJET Journal
This document presents a review and comparative analysis of circular and rectangular building structures in terms of load distribution and construction area utilization. It begins with an abstract highlighting the objectives of analyzing and quantifying these factors for both building shapes. It then provides background context on the problem statement and research objectives. The methodology section outlines the steps taken, including data collection, structural modeling, load simulation, analysis, and visualization of results. Literature on previous related studies is also reviewed. The document presents numerical data used in modeling a sample circular and rectangular building. It analyzes load distribution patterns and construction space optimization between the two shapes. Finally, it concludes the circular structure exhibits unique stress distribution but the rectangular is more predictable, while the circular optimizes interior space
IRJET- Experimental and Numerical Study of Impact Energy Absorption of Sa...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes experimental and numerical research on the impact energy absorption of sandwich composite structures with honeycomb cores for safety-critical applications. Quasi-static and dynamic impact tests were performed on sandwich composites made of woven glass fiber-polyvinyl ester facesheets bonded to polypropylene hexagonal honeycomb cores. Finite element models were validated based on the experimental results and used to evaluate the effect of geometric parameters on dynamic behavior and energy absorption. The research aims to investigate the impact performance of these materials to help assess their suitability for structures requiring impact load suppression and safety.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of RCC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using concrete jacketing. The study tested control specimens designed to code standards and retrofitted specimens with concrete jackets added. The specimens were subjected to reverse cyclic loading to examine their performance and lateral load capacity. The concrete jackets were intended to improve seismic performance by increasing strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and connection integrity of the joints. The results provide information on the behavior and effectiveness of reinforced concrete beam-columns strengthened with concrete jacketing under cyclic loading conditions.
Analysis of a High Rise Building Frame under Wind Pressure Considering Steel ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the analysis of high-rise building frames under wind pressure considering steel-reinforced concrete composite structures. It reviews literature on composite members, lateral forces, displacement analysis tools for composite structures. The review found that composite structures have better load carrying capacity than reinforced concrete. Analysis showed composite structures have lower displacement and story drift than reinforced concrete under seismic loads. Modeling the deformability of shear connections between steel and concrete members is important for accurate structural response analysis of composite frames.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
Analysis For Retrofitting Of An Existing Failed RC Column Using FEM Software’sIRJET Journal
This document discusses retrofitting of an existing failed reinforced concrete column using finite element modeling software. It describes analyzing a 3m floor height residential building in Pune, India using ETABS software. The analysis found a column failing under a total load of 452kN. Retrofitting techniques will be explored using ANSYS to strengthen the column to resist loads up to 500kN. The document reviews various retrofitting methods studied in previous literature and outlines the problem of retrofitting the specific failed column.
This document provides a review of pervious concrete. It begins with an abstract that defines pervious concrete as a special type of concrete with a high porosity that allows water to pass through, reducing runoff. The document then reviews several studies on the properties and performance of pervious concrete, including its density, permeability, compressive strength, and ability to reduce stormwater runoff compared to traditional concrete. Key findings from the literature include that pervious concrete density and compressive strength increase as permeability decreases. The document also notes that pervious concrete can help recharge groundwater supplies and reduce the impact of development on vegetation.
SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF LONG SPAN BRIDGE AND EXTERNAL SUBSTRUCTURE RETROFITING TE...IRJET Journal
This document discusses seismic analysis and retrofitting techniques for long-span bridges. It begins with an introduction to long-span bridges as engineering marvels that push design limits. It then reviews literature on seismic analysis and retrofitting methods for bridges, with a focus on fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketing. The objectives of the study are to assess seismic performance of long-span bridges through analysis of design guidelines, investigate retrofitting using FRP jacketing, and conduct a comparative analysis of two bridge models to enhance understanding of seismic behavior. The goal is to advance bridge engineering and ensure safety of long-span bridges in seismic regions.
Determination of Fracture Parameters of Conventional Concrete using ANSYSIRJET Journal
This document discusses the determination of fracture parameters for conventional concrete using finite element analysis in ANSYS. Concrete beams with dimensions of 1200mm×100mm×200mm and a 2mm notch were modeled and analyzed. Fracture parameters considered included the stress intensity factor (K), fracture energy (Gf), and energy release rate. These parameters were calculated using ANSYS to help prevent catastrophic failures in concrete structures and aid in material engineering and design. The analytical results obtained from the finite element models can help in designing safe structures where microcracks are given importance.
A Review on Comparative Analysis of Raft Foundation, Raft with Drop & Pile Ra...IRJET Journal
This document presents a review on the comparative analysis of three foundation systems: raft foundation, raft foundation with drop, and pile raft foundation. It aims to analyze the structural and geotechnical behavior of these foundations under different loading scenarios and soil profiles using advanced analysis software. The analysis focuses on factors like load distribution, stress concentrations, settlement features, and overall structural performance. It is anticipated that the results of this comparative study will provide insights to practitioners on selecting suitable foundation systems for various soil and seismic conditions. The document discusses several research papers on topics like the design of raft foundations for high-rise buildings, parametric studies of piled raft foundations, and comparing the performance of raft, pile, and piled ra
Analysis of Retrofitting Non-Linear Finite Element Of RCC Beam And Column Usi...IJERA Editor
Many of the existing reinforced concrete structures throughout the world are in urgent need of strengthening, repair or reconstruction because of deterioration due to various factors like corrosion, lack of detailing, failure of bonding between beam-column joints, increase in service loads, etc., leading to cracking, spalling, loss of strength, deflection, etc., Direct observation of these damaged structures has shown that damage occurs usually at the beam-column joints, with failure in bending or shear, depending on geometry and reinforcement distribution type.A nonlinear finite element analysis that is a simulation technique is used in this work to evaluate the effectiveness of retrofitting technique called “wrapping technique” for using carbon fibres (FRP) for strengthening of RC beam-column connections damaged due to various reasons. After carrying out a nonlinear finite element analysis of a reinforced concrete frame (Controlled Specimen) and reinforced concrete frame where carbon fibres are attached to the beam column joint portion in different patterns ,the measured response histories of the original and strengthened specimens are then subsequently compared. It is seen that the strengthened specimens exhibit significant increase in strength, stiffness, and stability as compared to controlled specimens. It appears that the proposed simulation technique will have a significant impact in engineering practice in the near future.
Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Modified with Fiber Reinforced Concre...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the seismic performance of low and high-rise reinforced concrete buildings modified with hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC). HFRC is a composite of glass and bamboo fibers. Six building models were developed in ETABS software - two regular reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings and two HFRC buildings at G+3 and G+10 heights. The buildings were located in seismic Zone 3 and analyzed using response spectrum analysis. The results showed that compared to RCC, the HFRC buildings had lower story drift and shear, indicating better performance under seismic loads. Therefore, HFRC can be used to improve seismic resistance in high-rise buildings.
IRJET- A Review on Comparative Study on the Seismic Behaviour of RCC and Comp...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RCC) structures compared to composite structures. It summarizes past research that has found composite structures to have better seismic performance characteristics than RCC structures. Specifically, composite structures have lower dead weight, reducing seismic forces. Displacements and drift are higher for composite structures but within code limits. Composite structures also provide increased lateral stiffness and ductility compared to RCC structures. Overall, the research presented indicates that composite structures are better suited for medium-to-high rise buildings and have performance advantages over RCC structures.
Application of Advanced Material in Offshore Structure.pdfSubhajitPaul88
This document discusses the application of advanced materials in offshore structures. It begins by introducing composite materials like fiber-reinforced polymers and particulate-reinforced composites. It then examines sandwich-structured composites and their use in offshore structures for properties like buoyancy, insulation, and corrosion resistance. Functionally graded materials are also discussed for their graded composition providing enhanced properties. Advanced materials like titanium alloys, high-strength steels, and concrete with additives are reviewed for improving strength, durability, and corrosion resistance of offshore structures. The document emphasizes how advanced materials enhance safety, reduce costs, and improve efficiency of offshore operations.
A Review paper on Ultra High Strength ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document reviews ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC). It discusses how UHSC achieves high compressive strength through the elimination of coarse materials, improved powder packing density, and the addition of steel fibers. The document summarizes several research papers on UHSC that investigated using local materials to reduce costs, its mechanical properties under explosion, and its long-term durability. The conclusion states that UHSC offers high strength, durability and modulus of elasticity compared to normal concrete, making it suitable for applications like high-rise buildings and bridges despite its higher initial costs.
IRJET- Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concre...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SCC). It begins by defining SCC and explaining how the addition of steel fiber can improve the mechanical characteristics of SCC. It then reviews literature on using different types and volumes of steel fiber in SCC. The findings show that steel fiber generally improves the tensile strength and toughness of hardened SCC but can negatively impact workability. Higher fiber contents and certain fiber geometries make fresh SCC more viscous and less flowable. Overall, steel fiber reinforced SCC shows potential but requires careful mix design to balance mechanical performance and flowability.
This document provides a literature review on rehabilitation methods for beam-column joints using nano-composite ferrocement jacketing with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). It discusses various retrofitting techniques studied in previous research, including ferrocement jacketing, FRP bonding, and use of nano-materials in cement composites. The literature review examines how these techniques improve properties like strength, ductility, and durability when used to strengthen beam-column joints. It also summarizes several studies that investigated the effects of ferrocement jacketing, CFRP wraps, and nano-silica additions on reinforced concrete elements. The document concludes that while integrated use of nano-composite cementitious jacketing and CFRP shows potential
IRJET - An Experimental Study of Flexural Behaviour and Corrosion Propert...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior and corrosion properties of reinforced concrete beams. The study aimed to induce corrosion on steel bars with and without corrosion resistant coating in beams, and determine the impact on residual flexural capacity. Beams were tested after 7 and 28 days to analyze load-carrying capacity and deflection. Results showed corrosion resistant beams had higher strength and intermediate deflection compared to conventional and corroded beams. The study concluded the corrosion resistant coating provided effective and affordable protection to rebar compared to uncoated bars, improving beam performance over time.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Partially Prestressed ...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the mechanical properties of partially prestressed fiber reinforced concrete. Several concrete mixes were tested with different fiber types (glass, steel, polypropylene) added at various percentages. Laboratory tests found that the addition of fibers increased the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete compared to plain concrete. Among the fiber types, polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete exhibited the lowest deflection and slightly higher flexural strength than plain concrete. The study concluded that the addition of fibers, especially polypropylene fibers, can improve the mechanical properties and durability of partially prestressed concrete.
Strength & Durability Investigations on High Strength Performance Concrete Us...IRJET Journal
The document discusses an investigation into using recycled aggregates from demolished construction as a replacement for natural aggregates in high-strength concrete. The study looked at replacing natural aggregates with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% recycled aggregates in high-strength concrete mixes. Tests were performed to evaluate the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and acid resistance of the different mixes. The results showed that recycled aggregates can be used to produce high-strength concrete if the water-cement ratio and admixture contents are adjusted. Up to 30% replacement of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate produced concrete with sufficient compressive strength.
Similar to A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concrete Structures (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant CoefficientsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses methods for finding the solutions to linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines such an equation and explains that the complete solution is the combination of the complementary function (C.F.) and particular integral (P.I.).
2) Various methods are presented for determining the C.F. depending on whether the roots of the auxiliary equation are real, imaginary, repeated, etc.
3) Rules are provided for obtaining the P.I. based on the type of function involved (exponential, trigonometric, power, etc.). Examples are worked through to demonstrate the full solution process.
Assessment of outdoor spaces like corridors and courtyards in a school enviro...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that assessed outdoor spaces like corridors and courtyards in school environments for student comfort. The study examined three secondary schools in Pune, India through observational surveys, measurements of temperature, humidity, air velocity and light levels, and student questionnaires. The results showed that corridors and courtyards provided brighter lighting than classrooms and thermal comfort within acceptable ranges. Student responses also indicated a clear relationship between the semi-outdoor spaces and comfort levels. The design and layout of the school outdoor areas influenced how students utilized and experienced comfort in the spaces.
A vernier caliper is a precision instrument used to measure dimensions with high accuracy. It can measure internal and external dimensions, as well as depths.
Here is a detailed description of its parts and how to use it.
In May 2024, globally renowned natural diamond crafting company Shree Ramkrishna Exports Pvt. Ltd. (SRK) became the first company in the world to achieve GNFZ’s final net zero certification for existing buildings, for its two two flagship crafting facilities SRK House and SRK Empire. Initially targeting 2030 to reach net zero, SRK joined forces with the Global Network for Zero (GNFZ) to accelerate its target to 2024 — a trailblazing achievement toward emissions elimination.
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer, printer, switch, router, tablets, smartphones or any other device that is part of a TCP/IP-based network.
Types of IP address-
Dynamic means "constantly changing “ .dynamic IP addresses aren't more powerful, but they can change.
Static means staying the same. Static. Stand. Stable. Yes, static IP addresses don't change.
Most IP addresses assigned today by Internet Service Providers are dynamic IP addresses. It's more cost effective for the ISP and you.
OCS Training Institute is pleased to co-operate with
a Global provider of Rig Inspection/Audits,
Commission-ing, Compliance & Acceptance as well as
& Engineering for Offshore Drilling Rigs, to deliver
Drilling Rig Inspec-tion Workshops (RIW) which
teaches the inspection & maintenance procedures
required to ensure equipment integrity. Candidates
learn to implement the relevant standards &
understand industry requirements so that they can
verify the condition of a rig’s equipment & improve
safety, thus reducing the number of accidents and
protecting the asset.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction to Project ManagementPrakhyath Rai
Introduction to Project Management: Introduction, Project and Importance of Project Management, Contract Management, Activities Covered by Software Project Management, Plans, Methods and Methodologies, some ways of categorizing Software Projects, Stakeholders, Setting Objectives, Business Case, Project Success and Failure, Management and Management Control, Project Management life cycle, Traditional versus Modern Project Management Practices.
Social media management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project "Social Media Platform in Object-Oriented Modeling" aims to design
and model a robust and scalable social media platform using object-oriented
modeling principles. In the age of digital communication, social media platforms
have become indispensable for connecting people, sharing content, and fostering
online communities. However, their complex nature requires meticulous planning
and organization.This project addresses the challenge of creating a feature-rich and
user-friendly social media platform by applying key object-oriented modeling
concepts. It entails the identification and definition of essential objects such as
"User," "Post," "Comment," and "Notification," each encapsulating specific
attributes and behaviors. Relationships between these objects, such as friendships,
content interactions, and notifications, are meticulously established.The project
emphasizes encapsulation to maintain data integrity, inheritance for shared behaviors
among objects, and polymorphism for flexible content handling. Use case diagrams
depict user interactions, while sequence diagrams showcase the flow of interactions
during critical scenarios. Class diagrams provide an overarching view of the system's
architecture, including classes, attributes, and methods .By undertaking this project,
we aim to create a modular, maintainable, and user-centric social media platform that
adheres to best practices in object-oriented modeling. Such a platform will offer users
a seamless and secure online social experience while facilitating future enhancements
and adaptability to changing user needs.